This PPT comprises of brief history of vaccines and its details, concentrated on adverse reactions due to various vaccines, and briefly bout the cold chain.
The microplan is developed prior to the polio round by the Government and WHO-NPSP with support from partners at block, district and state levels. It gives a detailed plan of the house-to-house activity with team numbers, names of team members, supervisors, including influencers and routine immunization indicators.
Adverse Events Following Immunization: Reporting standardization, Automatic C...Melanie Courtot
Analysis of spontaneous reports of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) is an important way to identify potential problems in vaccine safety and efficacy and summarize experience for dissemination to health care authorities. The Adverse Event Reporting Ontology (AERO) we are building plays a role in increasing accuracy and quality of reporting, ultimately enhancing response time to adverse event signals.
This PPT comprises of brief history of vaccines and its details, concentrated on adverse reactions due to various vaccines, and briefly bout the cold chain.
The microplan is developed prior to the polio round by the Government and WHO-NPSP with support from partners at block, district and state levels. It gives a detailed plan of the house-to-house activity with team numbers, names of team members, supervisors, including influencers and routine immunization indicators.
Adverse Events Following Immunization: Reporting standardization, Automatic C...Melanie Courtot
Analysis of spontaneous reports of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) is an important way to identify potential problems in vaccine safety and efficacy and summarize experience for dissemination to health care authorities. The Adverse Event Reporting Ontology (AERO) we are building plays a role in increasing accuracy and quality of reporting, ultimately enhancing response time to adverse event signals.
AEFI -Adverse event following immunization by Dr. Sonam AggarwalDr. Sonam Aggarwal
An Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) is any untoward medical occurrence or event which follows immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine.
The adverse event may be any unfavorable or unintended sign, abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease
THIS VIDEO EXPLAINS ABOUT JE IN EASY WAY
Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU...
CHANEL PLAYLIST-
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/
FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S...
facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139...
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG –
BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu...
Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
#VITAMIN_A,#FUNCTIONS,#SOURCE, #DEFICIENCY,#DISEASE,#NIGHTBLINDNESS#XEROPHTHALMIA,#BITOTSPOT,#CORNEALXEROSIS, #CONJUNCIVALXEROSIS, YELLOWFRUITS,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
Clinico-social case format for diarrhoea, demographic details, chief complaint, history of presenting illness, treatment history, past history, brief antenatal history, birth historym postnatal history, developmental history, nutrition history, immunisation history, personal history, family history, socio-economic / psycho-social history, environmental history, KAP about the disease, general examination, systemic examination, local examiantion, investigations, summary and case management.
Fulll chapter of national diarroheal control programme in nepalMonikaRijal1
National diarroheal control programme in nepal , presented and prepared this information was taken on 2076/77 and will be valid untill the next update of NDHS comes out, this is useful for bachleor level, community Health Nursing
AEFI -Adverse event following immunization by Dr. Sonam AggarwalDr. Sonam Aggarwal
An Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) is any untoward medical occurrence or event which follows immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine.
The adverse event may be any unfavorable or unintended sign, abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease
THIS VIDEO EXPLAINS ABOUT JE IN EASY WAY
Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU...
CHANEL PLAYLIST-
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/
FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S...
facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139...
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG –
BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu...
Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
#VITAMIN_A,#FUNCTIONS,#SOURCE, #DEFICIENCY,#DISEASE,#NIGHTBLINDNESS#XEROPHTHALMIA,#BITOTSPOT,#CORNEALXEROSIS, #CONJUNCIVALXEROSIS, YELLOWFRUITS,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
Clinico-social case format for diarrhoea, demographic details, chief complaint, history of presenting illness, treatment history, past history, brief antenatal history, birth historym postnatal history, developmental history, nutrition history, immunisation history, personal history, family history, socio-economic / psycho-social history, environmental history, KAP about the disease, general examination, systemic examination, local examiantion, investigations, summary and case management.
Fulll chapter of national diarroheal control programme in nepalMonikaRijal1
National diarroheal control programme in nepal , presented and prepared this information was taken on 2076/77 and will be valid untill the next update of NDHS comes out, this is useful for bachleor level, community Health Nursing
Polio or poliomyelitis is first known to have occurred nearly 6,000 years ago, as evidenced by the withered and deformed limbs of certain Egyptian mummies.
Polio was epidemic in the United States and the world in the 20th century, especially in the 1940s and 1950s.
Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease, which mostly affects young children; the virus is transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly through the fecal-oral route, or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g. contaminated food or water) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis.
Initial symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs.
Etiology
Polioviruses are enteroviruses within the Picornaviridae family.
Direct contact. Poliovirus can be transmitted through direct contact with someone infected with the virus.
Ingestion. Less commonly, it can be transmitted through contaminated food and water.
Clinical Manifestations
Most patients infected with poliovirus develop inapparent infections and are frequently asymptomatic.
Nonspecific symptoms. Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and oropharyngeal hyperemia are observed in mild cases and usually resolve within a few days.
Nonparalytic poliomyelitis. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis is characterized by the symptoms described above in addition to the following: nuchal rigidity, more severe headache, back, and lower extremity pain, and meningitis with lymphocytic pleocytosis (usually).
Assessment and Diagnostic Findings
To confirm the diagnosis, a sample of throat secretions, stool or a colorless fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid) is checked for poliovirus.
Viral cultures. Obtain specimens from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), stool, and throat for viral cultures in patients with suspected poliomyelitis infection.
Serum antibody. Obtain acute and convalescent serum for antibody concentrations against the 3 polioviruses.
IG titer. A 4-fold increase in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers or a positive anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer during the acute stage is diagnostic.
Medical Management
The treatment of poliomyelitis is mainly supportive.
Physical therapy. Physical therapy is indicated in cases of paralytic disease; in paralytic disease, it provide frequent mobilization to avoid the development of chronic decubitus ulcerations; active and passive motion exercises are indicated during the convalescent stage.
Total hip arthroplasty. Total hip arthroplasty is a surgical therapeutic option for patients with paralytic sequelae of poliomyelitis who develop hip dysplasia and degenerative disease.
Diet. Because patients with poliomyelitis are prone to develop constipation, a diet rich in fiber is usually indicated.
Pharmacologic Management
No antiviral agents are effective against poliovirus.
SNAPSHOT ON INFLUENZA VACCINE ,Dr. Sharda Jain Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Jyoti ...Lifecare Centre
MAGIC OF VACCINATIONS
With the exception of clean drinking water, vaccines are the most effective intervention in reducing and preventing infectious diseases World Health Organisation (WHO),
Similar to Adverse reaction followed by immunization in Paediatrics (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
3. HAZARDS OF IMMUNIZATION
No immune response is entirely free from the risk of
adverse reactions or remote squeal. The adverse
reactions that may occur may be grouped under the
following heads:
1. Reactions inherent to inoculation
2. Reactions due to faulty techniques
3. Reactions due to hypersensitivity
4. Neurological involvement
5. Provocative reactions
6. Others
4. These may be local general reactions. The local
reactions may be pain, swelling, redness,
tenderness and development of a small nodule or
sterile abscess at the site of injection.
The general reactions may be fever, malaise,
headache and other constitutional symptoms.
Most killed bacterial vaccines (e.g., typhoid)
cause some local and general reactions.
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and live polio
vaccine cause little reaction.
Reactions inherent to inoculation:
5. Faulty techniques may relate to
faulty production of vaccine (e.g. inadequate
inactivation of the microbe, inadequate
detoxication),
too much vaccine given in one dose,
improper immunization site or route,
vaccine reconstituted with incorrect diluents,
wrong amount of diluent used,
drug substituted for vaccine or diluent,
Reactions due to faulty techniques:
6. Reactions due to hypersensitivity:
Administration of antisera (e.g., ATS) may
occasionally give rise to anaphylactic
shock and serum sickness. Many viral
vaccines contain traces of various
antibiotics used in their preparation and
some individuals may be sensitive to the
antibiotic which it contains. Anaphylactic
shock is a rare but dangerous complication
of injection of antiserum. There is
bronchospasm, dyspnea, pallor,
hypotension and collapse.
7. Neurological involvement:
Neuritic manifestations may be seen after
the administration of serum or vaccine. The
well-known examples are the postvaccinial
encephalitis and encephalopathy following
administration of anti-rabies and smallpox
vaccines.
GuillainBarre syndrome in association with
the swine influenza vaccine is another
example.
8. Others:
These may comprise damage to the fetus
(e.g., with rubella vaccination); displacement
in the age-distribution of a disease (e.g., a
potential problem in mass vaccination
against measles, rubella and mumps).
11. AEFI
WHAT IS AN AEFI?
AEFI IS A MEDICAL INCIDENT AFTER AN
IMMUNIZATION AND IS BELIEVED TO BE CAUSED BY
THE IMMUNIZATION
BASICALLY TWO TYPES
1.AVOIDABLE AND
2.UNAVOIDABLE
12. AEFI
Why monitor AEFI?
No vaccines are 100% safe and without any risks
It is important to know the risks and how to handle such an event
when it occurs
Informing people correctly on AEFI helps keep public’s confidence
in the immunization programmes
Monitoring AEFI also helps improve the quality of service
16. FORMATION OF A STERILE ABSCESS
1. WRONG ROUTE (SC INSTEAD OF DEEP IM)
2. NOT SHAKING THE VACCINE BOTTLE BEFORE
DRAWING IN TO THE SYRINGE
3. WRONG DOSE (LARGER DOSE)
17. 2. LYMPHADENITIS
AT LEAST ONE LYMPH NODE 1.5 CM
IN SIZE OR DRAINING SINUS OVER
LYMPH NODE 2 – 6 MONTHS AFTER
BCG ON THE SAME SIDE AS
INOCULATION
18. 3. SEVERE LOCAL REACTION
REDNESS AND/OR SWELLING AT THE SITE WITH
ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLOWWING
1. SWELLING BEYOND JOINT
2. LASTING MORE THAN 3 DAYS OR
3. REQUIRES HOSPITALIZATION
19. AEFI
CNS ADVERSE EVENTS
1. ACUTE PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS
WITHIN 4-75 DAYS
RESIDUAL PARALYSIS AFTER 60 DAYS OR DEATH
20. AEFI
2. GBS
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) also known as Landry's
paralysis, is a medical condition in which there is a rapid-onset
weakness of the limbs as a result of an acute polyneuropathy, a
disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. The disease is usually
triggered by an infection, which provokes immune-mediated nerve
dysfunction. Many experience changes in sensation or develop pain,
followed by muscle weakness beginning in the feet and hands that
develops rapidly (between half a day and two weeks). During the acute
phase, the disorder can be life-threatening with about a quarter
requiring admission to intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation
OCCURING WITHIN 30 DAYS
21. 3. ENCEPHALOPATHY
CASES OCCURING WITHIN 72 HOURS AFTER VACCINATION
Encephalopathy is a term used to describe a constellation of signs and symptoms
reflecting a generalized disturbance in brain function.
Acute encephalopathy is the sudden onset of major neurological illness temporally
linked with immunization and characterized by two of the following:
I. Severe alteration in level of consciousness or unresponsiveness, with or without
generalized or focal convulsions. The symptoms must persist for more than a few
hours, with failure to recover completely within 24 hours.
II. Increased intracranial pressure (as measured and diagnosed by a physician). A
bulging fontanel as described by a parent to a nurse rather than observed by a
physician is not sufficient to diagnose increase intracranial pressure. Intense crying
can cause a bulging, pulsating fontanel.
III. Distinct change in behavior or intellectual functions lasting one day or more and felt
by a physician to indicate an alteration in neurological function.