Multipurpose projects have several advantages: they can reduce flooding, impound water for irrigation, human consumption, and power generation while also improving transportation. However, they also have disadvantages, including the inundation of land and forests, displacement of people, and disruption of infrastructure and aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, multipurpose projects face challenges of attracting private investment given their complexity, and require strong regulatory frameworks and coordination between different users and sectors to balance competing demands.
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
The presentation covers: History of Development in India, Current Status & Potential of Hydro Power, Necessity of HP Development, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower, Comparison between Hydro Power, Thermal Power and Nuclear Power, Challenges/Barriers in Development of HP, Place of Hydro-Power in Power System
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
The presentation covers: History of Development in India, Current Status & Potential of Hydro Power, Necessity of HP Development, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower, Comparison between Hydro Power, Thermal Power and Nuclear Power, Challenges/Barriers in Development of HP, Place of Hydro-Power in Power System
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
This presentation highlights the occurrence of floods in India as a part of Environmental Studies. A brief idea about traditional methods of water management and the phenomenon of bio-precipitation is also included. Various sources from the internet were referred during this compilation.
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
This presentation highlights the occurrence of floods in India as a part of Environmental Studies. A brief idea about traditional methods of water management and the phenomenon of bio-precipitation is also included. Various sources from the internet were referred during this compilation.
Water resources planning: Stages in water resources planning, data collection and processing, estimation of future water demands, preliminary planning, institutional set-up, public involvement, formulation and screening of alternatives, models for water resources planning, sensitivity analysis, Environmental and social considerations: Water in environment, environmental impact of water resources projects, environmental impact of reservoirs, environmental problems in command areas.
Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric PowerContentsLand.docxYASHU40
Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Power
Contents
Land Use
Wildlife Impacts
Life-cycle Global Warming Emissions
Contents
Land Use
Wildlife Impacts
Life-cycle Global Warming Emissions
Hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small run-of-the-river plants.
Large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world (including China and
Brazil), but it is unlikely that new facilities will be added to the existing U.S. fleet in the future.
Instead, the future of hydroelectric power in the United States will likely involve increased capacity at
current dams and new run-of-the-river projects. There are environmental impacts at both types of
plants.
Learn more: How Hydroelectric Energy Works
For more on the benefits of hydroelectric power and other renewable energy technologies, see
Benefits of Renewable Energy Use.
Land Use
The size of the reservoir created by a hydroelectric
project can vary widely, depending largely on the size of
the hydroelectric generators and the topography of the
land. Hydroelectric plants in flat areas tend to require
much more land than those in hilly areas or canyons
where deeper reservoirs can hold more volume of water
in a smaller space.
At one extreme, the large Balbina hydroelectric plant,
which was built in a flat area of Brazil, flooded 2,360
square kilometers—an area the size of Delaware—and it
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-0
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-1
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-2
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-0
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-1
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-hydroelectric-power.html#bf-toc-2
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/how-hydroelectric-energy.html
http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/public-benefits-of-renewable.html
only provides 250 MW of power generating capacity (equal to more than 2,000 acres per MW) [1].
In contrast, a small 10 MW run-of-the-rive plant in a hilly location can use as little 2.5 acres (equal to
a quarter of an acre per MW) [2].
Flooding land for a hydroelectric reservoir has an extreme environmental impact: it destroys forest,
wildlife habitat, agricultural land, and scenic lands. In many instances, such as the Three Gorges
Dam in China, entire communities have also had to be relocated to make way for reservoirs [3].
Wildlife Impacts
Dammed reservoirs are used for multiple purposes, such as agricultural ...
this presentation explores hydro power
different types ,its uses,where it has been used,how it is used,its advantages and disadvantages,and one model created by us using sustainable materials.
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This presentation serves as an introduction to stress management. Nothing much in depth has been covered, but a solid foundation for an understanding has been made. It was made as per guidelines for an oral presentation and was uploaded in the same form.
This presentation is only an overview into the subject and does not delve into depth. It was made as per guidelines for an oral presentation and has been uploaded in the same form.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Multipurpose Projects
A multipurpose project is a large scale hydro project often including dams for water retention ,
canals for irrigation, water processing and pipe lines to supply water to cites and power
generation.These often include transportation improvements and industrial growth.They are
also developed to reduce the dangers of flooding. Some of the multipurpose projects in India
are:
• Bhakra-Nangal Projects
• Hirakud Dam Projects
• Mayurakshi Project
• DamodarValley Project
• Sardar Sarovar Project
• WesternYamuna Canal
• EasternYamuna Canal
• PeriyarVagai Project
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Purpose of large dams
Dams and reservoirs are usually built to serve at least one of the following purposes:
Hydropower generation: The most prominent use of large dams is for hydroelectric power generation,
combined with a hydropower plant.Compared to other renewable sources, hydropower produces the most
cost-efficient energy at costs as low as 2 US¢/kWh.
Irrigation for agriculture: Water stored in a reservoir is used to irrigate agricultural crops. It is estimated that
30-40% of irrigated lands worldwide, which contribute 12-16% of global food production, rely on dams.
Water supply: Especially in urban areas, reservoir storage capacities are used to supply drinking water or
water for industrial purposes.
Flood control: As a positive side effect, dam structures often offer flood protection by regulating water
discharge and balancing runoff differences.
Inland navigation: The navigability of a water system enabled through the regulation by the dam may
provide an impetus for trade and development. Inland navigation is the most cost effective and least polluting
means of transportation.
Recreation: Finally, the lakes created through water storage can additionally serve recreational and touristic
purposes.
8. Issues to consider regarding large multipurpose dams
Sustainability
Adaptation to climate change
9. Sustainability
Large dam projects are subject to widespread criticism due to their social and environmental impacts.The
construction of dams and the creation of reservoirs often lead to the resettlement of a high number of people,
as well as to major changes in the river ecosystem.This criticism equally applies to multi-purpose dams.
Sustainable development of dams is therefore pivotal to ensure that dams provide true development benefits
without worsening the overall situation of the population affected by the dam. Negative social and ecological
impacts are to be mitigated or compensated; the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including the
affected communities, at an early stage is an important prerequisite.
For multi-purpose dams, careful consideration and coordination of the interests of the different users are
additional prerequisites in order to avoid conflicts.While hydropower typically generates maximum output
from maximum storage levels in the reservoir, it is necessary for flood protection to keep the water level low
at certain times in the year. Further trade-offs between effectiveness and productivity may arise if irrigation or
water supply is combined with hydropower when water levels are low.
10. Adaptation to climate change
Combined with political and institutional strategies, multi-purpose dams offer important solutions to climate
change adaptation needs, especially in vulnerable regions.Though climate change predictions are still subject
to a high degree of uncertainty on a local scale, rivers in dry areas of the tropical zone are expected to carry
10-30% less waterin the future, while humid areas are predicted to contain 10-40% more water.Therefore, in
regions likely to experience water stress, e.g. Southern Africa, increased water storage will make an important
contribution to improve sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation (a target defined in the
Millennium Development Goal #7). On the other hand, improved flood control is necessary to safeguard the
lives of millions of people in regions with increased precipitation and runoff, e.g. parts of Southeast Asia.
Changing climatic and hydrological conditions are also challenging technical concepts of dam projects. If
economic viability analyses rely only on the historical time series of annual water levels, then dams may fail to
perform as desired when a water flow regime in the future substantially deviates from the past norms. In
addition to technical solutions, information exchange and coordination between different institutions and
sectors remains a key component for multi-purpose dams.To develop effective strategies to address climate
change, it will not suffice to treat individual dams in an isolated way. Basin-wide coordinated approaches for
all dams on a river system, although a challenging task, can be an important way to sustain ecosystems and
the overall benefits generated by dams.
11. Advantages of Multipurpose Projects
Eliminates or reduces flooding.
Impounds water for later use - irrigation, human consumption, industrial consumption.
Lake fisheries
Checking floods
Power generation
Navigation
Recreation
Habitat improvement
Generation of Hydroelectricity.
Improves transportation as part of a canal system.
From a macroeconomic perspective, multi-purpose dams provide multiple benefits from a single investment.
12. Disadvantages of Multipurpose projects
Inundation of thousands of acres of forests and agricultural land, a devastating blow to human lives and
biodiversity.
Large forests get submerged under water.
Due to anaerobic respiration by the plants submerged, Methane (CH4) is released causing the water to
become poisonous.
Displacement of millions of people.
Excessive sedimentation of the reservoir.
Can cause flood.
Stoppage of aquatic fauna migration.
Can be the cause of water-borne diseases.
Loss of arable land and salination of irrigated land.
Disrupts existing infrastructure.
13.
14. Challenges
Most multi-purpose dams are funded by governments, with possible international donor support. Attracting
private investors to finance more multi-purpose projects is desirable but difficult due to the inherent
complexity. Conflict of interests among the individual uses, e.g. hydropower requiring maximum storage
levels and irrigation causing lower levels, result in complex and potentially vulnerable contract structures.
Often, promoting a single purpose dam, such as hydropower, is more economically attractive as it promises
secure returns on investment.
Regulatory demands are more complex for multi-purpose dams as compared to projects serving only a single
function.Water rights and allocation quotas have to be distributed among the users, with potentially
competing demands and impacts usually spread over a large portion of the river basin.As a consequence,
inter and cross-sector coordination demands are much higher, requiring relatively strong institutional
capacities.
The impacts of climate change may further intensify competition among the different users as the overall
water availability decreases.
15. Conclusion
Multi-purpose dams, if well planned and managed, provide an important option to meeting some of today’s
major development challenges. By providing clean and reliable energy, storage volume to improve drinking
water supply or agricultural food production, and enhanced flood control, they contribute to energy, water and
food security - and to human security in general. In vulnerable regions, multi-purpose dams can also be an
appropriate response to the impacts of climate change.Yet, as many new multi-purpose projects are expected
to be realized in the future, the sustainability of large dams and reservoirs will remain a key issue.