Prosthetics refers to the design, fabrication, and fitting of custom-made artificial limbs or other types of assistive devices for patients who have lost limbs as a result of traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or congenital disorders.
Upper limb prostheses are designed to replace missing limbs and restore function. A successful prosthesis is comfortable, easy to use, lightweight, durable, cosmetically pleasing, and mechanically sound. Prosthesis type depends on amputation level, expected use, patient factors, and resources. Terminal devices can be passive hooks/hands or myoelectric hands. Wrists, elbows, and shoulders provide anatomical movement. Suspension systems secure the prosthesis comfortably. Control mechanisms may be body-powered cables or electric switches/signals. Prosthesis components and design vary according to the amputation level and length of residual limb.
This document provides information about amputation, limb prostheses, and rehabilitation for lower limb amputees. It discusses the purpose of prostheses in replacing missing limbs and describes different types including immediate post-operative, temporary, and definitive prostheses. Characteristics of successful prostheses and considerations for choosing one are outlined. The rehabilitation process in 5 stages is summarized, from healing to learning to use the artificial limb. Exercise and complications of amputations are also briefly mentioned.
Assistive technology (AT) refers to devices or services that help individuals with disabilities function better. AT ranges from low-tech options like magnifying glasses to complex devices like computerized communication systems. AT services involve evaluating individuals' needs, training users and support systems, acquiring devices, customizing devices, and coordinating devices with other services. Proper assessment and ongoing support are needed to minimize abandonment of AT devices, which occurs in around half of cases due to poor matching of technology to individual needs and abilities.
This document discusses upper limb prosthetics. It describes the characteristics of a successful prosthesis, considerations when choosing a prosthesis, reasons for upper limb amputations, amputation levels, types of prosthetics including cosmetic, functional, body-powered, externally powered and myoelectric prosthetics. It provides details on the typical components of an upper limb body-powered prosthesis including the socket, suspension, control cables, terminal devices and any intervening joint components. It outlines the timelines for amputation and prosthetic fitting.
This document summarizes different types of lower limb orthoses including foot orthoses, ankle foot orthoses, knee ankle foot orthoses, and hip knee ankle foot orthoses. It describes the functional classifications, materials, and clinical indications for various foot orthoses including soft, semi-rigid, and rigid designs. Modifications to footwear like heel wedges, metatarsal pads, and rocker bars are discussed. Guidelines for prescribing orthoses to address various foot conditions are provided.
Orthosis are devices used to support weak joints and correct deformities. They work by applying three point pressure and distributing weight across a wide surface area. Common orthosis include ankle foot orthosis (AFO) which support the ankle and foot, knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) which stabilize the knee and lower leg, and hip knee ankle foot orthosis (HKAFO) which provide support from the hip to the foot. Orthosis are made of plastic or metal and their design depends on the joints needing support and the individual's condition.
This document defines orthotics as external devices that apply forces to the body to control motion or maintain proper positioning. It classifies orthotics by region of the body and function. The principles of orthotics include using forces like rigidity or springs to limit or assist movement according to Jordan's three point system. Orthotics are made of materials like plastic, metal, or leather and are used temporarily or permanently to relieve pain, correct deformities, protect injuries, and improve function. Contraindications include infections and devices that limit normal motion or interfere with clothing. Disadvantages can include skin problems, weakness, increased adjacent joint motion, and dependence.
Upper limb prostheses are designed to replace missing limbs and restore function. A successful prosthesis is comfortable, easy to use, lightweight, durable, cosmetically pleasing, and mechanically sound. Prosthesis type depends on amputation level, expected use, patient factors, and resources. Terminal devices can be passive hooks/hands or myoelectric hands. Wrists, elbows, and shoulders provide anatomical movement. Suspension systems secure the prosthesis comfortably. Control mechanisms may be body-powered cables or electric switches/signals. Prosthesis components and design vary according to the amputation level and length of residual limb.
This document provides information about amputation, limb prostheses, and rehabilitation for lower limb amputees. It discusses the purpose of prostheses in replacing missing limbs and describes different types including immediate post-operative, temporary, and definitive prostheses. Characteristics of successful prostheses and considerations for choosing one are outlined. The rehabilitation process in 5 stages is summarized, from healing to learning to use the artificial limb. Exercise and complications of amputations are also briefly mentioned.
Assistive technology (AT) refers to devices or services that help individuals with disabilities function better. AT ranges from low-tech options like magnifying glasses to complex devices like computerized communication systems. AT services involve evaluating individuals' needs, training users and support systems, acquiring devices, customizing devices, and coordinating devices with other services. Proper assessment and ongoing support are needed to minimize abandonment of AT devices, which occurs in around half of cases due to poor matching of technology to individual needs and abilities.
This document discusses upper limb prosthetics. It describes the characteristics of a successful prosthesis, considerations when choosing a prosthesis, reasons for upper limb amputations, amputation levels, types of prosthetics including cosmetic, functional, body-powered, externally powered and myoelectric prosthetics. It provides details on the typical components of an upper limb body-powered prosthesis including the socket, suspension, control cables, terminal devices and any intervening joint components. It outlines the timelines for amputation and prosthetic fitting.
This document summarizes different types of lower limb orthoses including foot orthoses, ankle foot orthoses, knee ankle foot orthoses, and hip knee ankle foot orthoses. It describes the functional classifications, materials, and clinical indications for various foot orthoses including soft, semi-rigid, and rigid designs. Modifications to footwear like heel wedges, metatarsal pads, and rocker bars are discussed. Guidelines for prescribing orthoses to address various foot conditions are provided.
Orthosis are devices used to support weak joints and correct deformities. They work by applying three point pressure and distributing weight across a wide surface area. Common orthosis include ankle foot orthosis (AFO) which support the ankle and foot, knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) which stabilize the knee and lower leg, and hip knee ankle foot orthosis (HKAFO) which provide support from the hip to the foot. Orthosis are made of plastic or metal and their design depends on the joints needing support and the individual's condition.
This document defines orthotics as external devices that apply forces to the body to control motion or maintain proper positioning. It classifies orthotics by region of the body and function. The principles of orthotics include using forces like rigidity or springs to limit or assist movement according to Jordan's three point system. Orthotics are made of materials like plastic, metal, or leather and are used temporarily or permanently to relieve pain, correct deformities, protect injuries, and improve function. Contraindications include infections and devices that limit normal motion or interfere with clothing. Disadvantages can include skin problems, weakness, increased adjacent joint motion, and dependence.
The document discusses the design of an electronic travel aid (ETA) to help blind individuals navigate safely. It describes some challenges with existing ETAs, such as unreliable detection of obstacles and confusing sensory feedback. The document then covers spatial sensing techniques, parameters for displaying spatial information through sound and touch, and limitations of conventional ETAs and mobile robot guides. Finally, it introduces the NavBelt system which provides either an audio spatial image or single guidance signal to direct travel.
1. Upper limb amputations occur frequently due to trauma, tumors, and diseases. Prosthetic options include body-powered, myoelectric, and hybrid prostheses.
2. Myoelectric prostheses provide more grip strength and functional range compared to body-powered prostheses but require targeted muscle sites and electrodes.
3. Advances in prosthetic interfaces, microprocessor technology, waterproof components, and speed have improved the function and real-world use of electronic upper limb prostheses.
presentation is about Orthosis and prosthesis. It gives Classification of Orthosis. It describes structure, function, Indication and uses of Orthosis. Also describes different types of Prostheses, their parts and function.
Prosthetic management of individuals with upper extremity
amputations presents all health professionals, including
prosthetists and therapists, with a set of unique challenges.
For those wearing an upper extremity prosthesis, the terminal
device (TD) of the prosthesis is not covered or obscured
by clothing in the same way that a lower extremity prosthesis
is “hidden” by pants, socks, and shoes. The person with
upper extremity amputation must cope with not only physical
appearance changes, but the loss of some of the most
complex movement patterns and functional activities of
the human body.
In addition, upper extremity limb loss deprives the patient
of an extensive and valuable system of tactile and proprioceptive
inputs that previously provided “feedback” to guide and
refine functional movement. Even the simplest tasks
related to grasp and release become challenging. The ability
to position the prosthetic limb segments in space, as well as
the ability to maintain advantageous postures needed to
manipulate objects, challenge the medical community to
continuously improve the functional and aesthetic outcomes
of prostheses for patients in this population.
This document provides an overview of rehabilitation for spinal cord injuries. It discusses initial evaluations, functional abilities based on spinal level, strengthening, mobilization, orthostatic hypotension management, skin care, wheelchair training, ambulation, neurogenic bladder and bowel management, medications, sexuality, depression, spasticity, autonomic dysreflexia, pain management, home modifications, vocational rehabilitation, and lifelong follow up. Functional electrical stimulation is also summarized. The document aims to guide comprehensive rehabilitation for improved independence and quality of life following spinal cord injuries.
Orthoses are devices used to support existing body parts to improve function. They are used to relieve pain, support weight, provide stability, prevent and correct deformities. Ideal orthoses are strong, light, simple to use and provide functional and cosmetic satisfaction. Prostheses replace missing limbs. Different types are used for various amputation levels from ankle to hip. Prosthetic design considers residual limb length and joint preservation. Complications include hematoma, infection, necrosis and phantom limb sensations. The Jaipur foot is a lightweight, flexible prosthesis for below-knee amputations that is waterproof and allows squatting.
This document discusses different types of partial foot prostheses and transtibial prostheses. It describes the purposes of partial foot prostheses which are to restore foot function, simulate the shape of the missing foot segment, and improve the appearance of shoes. It then discusses different types of prosthetic feet including non-articulated feet like SACH feet, single axis feet, and multiple axis feet. It also describes the different components of a transtibial prosthesis including the foot-ankle assembly, shank, socket, and suspension methods.
This document discusses upper extremity orthotics for restoring mobility and quality of life. It covers common orthotic components for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers and thumb. Static orthoses are used for positioning and prevention of deformities while functional orthoses provide assistance for tasks using internal or external power sources. Fracture/post-operative orthoses provide compression and positioning for proper healing. The document reviews specific orthotic designs for various conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome.
Upper Limb Orthotics - Dr Sanjay Wadhwamrinal joshi
This document summarizes a presentation on upper limb orthotics. It begins by defining orthotics as externally applied devices that modify the neuro-musculoskeletal system. It then discusses objectives of orthotics like support and correction. Various upper limb conditions that may require orthotics are listed, along with types of orthotics. Design features, examples of specific orthotics, and evidence-based research on orthotics effectiveness are also summarized. The presentation aims to provide an overview of upper limb orthotics for rehabilitation purposes.
Different types of electric terminal devices used for transradial and transhumeral, shoulder disarticutaion prosthesis used for external powered prosthesis.
Recent Advances In Lower Limb ProsthesisAbey P Rajan
This document provides a review of literature on lower extremity amputation and prosthetics. It begins with an introduction that defines amputation and its most common causes. It then describes the different levels of lower limb amputation from partial foot to hip disarticulation. The document reviews the history and types of prosthetics for each level of amputation. It also discusses various prosthetic components like sockets, suspension systems, feet and knee units. Studies comparing outcomes of microprocessor prosthetics vs conventional designs are summarized. The review provides an overview of the state of knowledge on lower limb amputation and rehabilitation.
Socket variants in upper extremity prosthesis.pptx1POLY GHOSH
The document discusses various socket designs for different levels of upper limb amputations. It describes the key factors in socket design such as maximizing range of motion, stability, and force distribution. For transradial amputations, common socket designs include supracondyler brims, external suspension sleeves, and internal roll-on locking liners. The Munster and Northwestern sockets are described as examples of supracondyler designs. For transhumeral amputations, designs include open shoulder above elbow sockets and closed encasulated designs. The document also discusses some novel designs like the TRAC, CRS, and ACCI sockets that aim to improve suspension, reduce motion at bone-socket interface, and control rotation.
1. A prosthesis is a device that replaces a missing body part and can support existing limbs.
2. There are two main types of prostheses - body-powered which use cables for control, and externally powered which use electric motors.
3. Prostheses aim to restore appearance and function as much as possible. Terminal devices like hooks aim to replicate different grips.
Upper Limb Prosthetics - Dr Om Prakashmrinal joshi
This document provides information on upper limb prostheses. It discusses the history of prosthetics, levels of amputation, types of prosthetic systems (passive, body-powered, externally powered, hybrid), components (socket, suspension, control mechanisms, terminal devices), and considerations for prosthetic selection and use. The key points are that upper limb loss can be devastating, prosthetics can replace some hand functions but not sensation, and the appropriate prosthesis depends on the amputation level, expected use, and individual factors.
This document discusses orthotics and their use in rehabilitation. It begins by describing how bioengineering devices like orthotics play an important role in orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation by improving function and support. It then discusses different types of orthotics in more detail, including their components, classifications, indications for use, and general principles. Specific orthotics for the ankle, knee, and hip are also outlined.
Innovation in Physical Therapy - 12 Inspiring StartupsBruno Rakotozafy
Almost everyone will experience a physical injury during his life, either light or heavy. Thanks to sensors, 3D-printing or digital solutions some innovators are changing the way physical rehabilitation are performed.
This document provides an overview of orthosis, including definitions of splints and braces, classifications of orthosis, principles of splint design, materials used, prefabricated splints, and biomechanical principles. It also describes various upper and lower limb orthosis, such as figure of eight axilla wraps, gunslinger splints, airplane splints, hemi arm slings, elbow flexion harnesses, cockup splints, and more. The objectives, indications, and designs of different orthosis are discussed in detail.
This document presents a research proposal for designing and fabricating a lightweight and comfortable prosthetic arm. The objectives are to develop an adaptable grip mechanism, create an affordable prosthetic arm with optimal degrees of freedom, integrate feedback systems, innovate socket design, and explore alternative mechanisms. A literature review found that existing prosthetics have predefined grips, high costs, weight issues, and lack feedback. The methodology will develop the design, fabricate a prototype, and test it. The significance is that it could enhance prosthetic accessibility and functionality to positively impact users' lives.
disability is a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movement , sense or activities.
It is an important public health problem especially in developing countries like India . Any form of disability cannot be fully restored but measures and efforts can be put in to improve the conditions.
prosthetic devices are an artificial device that replaces a missing body part which may be lost through trauma, diseases or congenital conditions.
Purpose- used to replace a missing limb to perform functional tasks.
The importance of Rehabilitation explains about the trends in development of prosthetic and orthotic devices and how, the technology can be used to improve the current devices in the market. Devices for mobility, Devices for visual impairment and hearing impairment and its uses are explained.
The document discusses the design of an electronic travel aid (ETA) to help blind individuals navigate safely. It describes some challenges with existing ETAs, such as unreliable detection of obstacles and confusing sensory feedback. The document then covers spatial sensing techniques, parameters for displaying spatial information through sound and touch, and limitations of conventional ETAs and mobile robot guides. Finally, it introduces the NavBelt system which provides either an audio spatial image or single guidance signal to direct travel.
1. Upper limb amputations occur frequently due to trauma, tumors, and diseases. Prosthetic options include body-powered, myoelectric, and hybrid prostheses.
2. Myoelectric prostheses provide more grip strength and functional range compared to body-powered prostheses but require targeted muscle sites and electrodes.
3. Advances in prosthetic interfaces, microprocessor technology, waterproof components, and speed have improved the function and real-world use of electronic upper limb prostheses.
presentation is about Orthosis and prosthesis. It gives Classification of Orthosis. It describes structure, function, Indication and uses of Orthosis. Also describes different types of Prostheses, their parts and function.
Prosthetic management of individuals with upper extremity
amputations presents all health professionals, including
prosthetists and therapists, with a set of unique challenges.
For those wearing an upper extremity prosthesis, the terminal
device (TD) of the prosthesis is not covered or obscured
by clothing in the same way that a lower extremity prosthesis
is “hidden” by pants, socks, and shoes. The person with
upper extremity amputation must cope with not only physical
appearance changes, but the loss of some of the most
complex movement patterns and functional activities of
the human body.
In addition, upper extremity limb loss deprives the patient
of an extensive and valuable system of tactile and proprioceptive
inputs that previously provided “feedback” to guide and
refine functional movement. Even the simplest tasks
related to grasp and release become challenging. The ability
to position the prosthetic limb segments in space, as well as
the ability to maintain advantageous postures needed to
manipulate objects, challenge the medical community to
continuously improve the functional and aesthetic outcomes
of prostheses for patients in this population.
This document provides an overview of rehabilitation for spinal cord injuries. It discusses initial evaluations, functional abilities based on spinal level, strengthening, mobilization, orthostatic hypotension management, skin care, wheelchair training, ambulation, neurogenic bladder and bowel management, medications, sexuality, depression, spasticity, autonomic dysreflexia, pain management, home modifications, vocational rehabilitation, and lifelong follow up. Functional electrical stimulation is also summarized. The document aims to guide comprehensive rehabilitation for improved independence and quality of life following spinal cord injuries.
Orthoses are devices used to support existing body parts to improve function. They are used to relieve pain, support weight, provide stability, prevent and correct deformities. Ideal orthoses are strong, light, simple to use and provide functional and cosmetic satisfaction. Prostheses replace missing limbs. Different types are used for various amputation levels from ankle to hip. Prosthetic design considers residual limb length and joint preservation. Complications include hematoma, infection, necrosis and phantom limb sensations. The Jaipur foot is a lightweight, flexible prosthesis for below-knee amputations that is waterproof and allows squatting.
This document discusses different types of partial foot prostheses and transtibial prostheses. It describes the purposes of partial foot prostheses which are to restore foot function, simulate the shape of the missing foot segment, and improve the appearance of shoes. It then discusses different types of prosthetic feet including non-articulated feet like SACH feet, single axis feet, and multiple axis feet. It also describes the different components of a transtibial prosthesis including the foot-ankle assembly, shank, socket, and suspension methods.
This document discusses upper extremity orthotics for restoring mobility and quality of life. It covers common orthotic components for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers and thumb. Static orthoses are used for positioning and prevention of deformities while functional orthoses provide assistance for tasks using internal or external power sources. Fracture/post-operative orthoses provide compression and positioning for proper healing. The document reviews specific orthotic designs for various conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome.
Upper Limb Orthotics - Dr Sanjay Wadhwamrinal joshi
This document summarizes a presentation on upper limb orthotics. It begins by defining orthotics as externally applied devices that modify the neuro-musculoskeletal system. It then discusses objectives of orthotics like support and correction. Various upper limb conditions that may require orthotics are listed, along with types of orthotics. Design features, examples of specific orthotics, and evidence-based research on orthotics effectiveness are also summarized. The presentation aims to provide an overview of upper limb orthotics for rehabilitation purposes.
Different types of electric terminal devices used for transradial and transhumeral, shoulder disarticutaion prosthesis used for external powered prosthesis.
Recent Advances In Lower Limb ProsthesisAbey P Rajan
This document provides a review of literature on lower extremity amputation and prosthetics. It begins with an introduction that defines amputation and its most common causes. It then describes the different levels of lower limb amputation from partial foot to hip disarticulation. The document reviews the history and types of prosthetics for each level of amputation. It also discusses various prosthetic components like sockets, suspension systems, feet and knee units. Studies comparing outcomes of microprocessor prosthetics vs conventional designs are summarized. The review provides an overview of the state of knowledge on lower limb amputation and rehabilitation.
Socket variants in upper extremity prosthesis.pptx1POLY GHOSH
The document discusses various socket designs for different levels of upper limb amputations. It describes the key factors in socket design such as maximizing range of motion, stability, and force distribution. For transradial amputations, common socket designs include supracondyler brims, external suspension sleeves, and internal roll-on locking liners. The Munster and Northwestern sockets are described as examples of supracondyler designs. For transhumeral amputations, designs include open shoulder above elbow sockets and closed encasulated designs. The document also discusses some novel designs like the TRAC, CRS, and ACCI sockets that aim to improve suspension, reduce motion at bone-socket interface, and control rotation.
1. A prosthesis is a device that replaces a missing body part and can support existing limbs.
2. There are two main types of prostheses - body-powered which use cables for control, and externally powered which use electric motors.
3. Prostheses aim to restore appearance and function as much as possible. Terminal devices like hooks aim to replicate different grips.
Upper Limb Prosthetics - Dr Om Prakashmrinal joshi
This document provides information on upper limb prostheses. It discusses the history of prosthetics, levels of amputation, types of prosthetic systems (passive, body-powered, externally powered, hybrid), components (socket, suspension, control mechanisms, terminal devices), and considerations for prosthetic selection and use. The key points are that upper limb loss can be devastating, prosthetics can replace some hand functions but not sensation, and the appropriate prosthesis depends on the amputation level, expected use, and individual factors.
This document discusses orthotics and their use in rehabilitation. It begins by describing how bioengineering devices like orthotics play an important role in orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation by improving function and support. It then discusses different types of orthotics in more detail, including their components, classifications, indications for use, and general principles. Specific orthotics for the ankle, knee, and hip are also outlined.
Innovation in Physical Therapy - 12 Inspiring StartupsBruno Rakotozafy
Almost everyone will experience a physical injury during his life, either light or heavy. Thanks to sensors, 3D-printing or digital solutions some innovators are changing the way physical rehabilitation are performed.
This document provides an overview of orthosis, including definitions of splints and braces, classifications of orthosis, principles of splint design, materials used, prefabricated splints, and biomechanical principles. It also describes various upper and lower limb orthosis, such as figure of eight axilla wraps, gunslinger splints, airplane splints, hemi arm slings, elbow flexion harnesses, cockup splints, and more. The objectives, indications, and designs of different orthosis are discussed in detail.
This document presents a research proposal for designing and fabricating a lightweight and comfortable prosthetic arm. The objectives are to develop an adaptable grip mechanism, create an affordable prosthetic arm with optimal degrees of freedom, integrate feedback systems, innovate socket design, and explore alternative mechanisms. A literature review found that existing prosthetics have predefined grips, high costs, weight issues, and lack feedback. The methodology will develop the design, fabricate a prototype, and test it. The significance is that it could enhance prosthetic accessibility and functionality to positively impact users' lives.
disability is a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movement , sense or activities.
It is an important public health problem especially in developing countries like India . Any form of disability cannot be fully restored but measures and efforts can be put in to improve the conditions.
prosthetic devices are an artificial device that replaces a missing body part which may be lost through trauma, diseases or congenital conditions.
Purpose- used to replace a missing limb to perform functional tasks.
The importance of Rehabilitation explains about the trends in development of prosthetic and orthotic devices and how, the technology can be used to improve the current devices in the market. Devices for mobility, Devices for visual impairment and hearing impairment and its uses are explained.
A Project On Robotic Exoskeleton Arm (3) (2) 2.ppthuzefa ansari
Exoskeleton is an outer framework that can be worn on a biological arm. It is powered by actuators and can provide assistance or increase the strength of the biological arm, depending on the power of the actuator. Electromyography(EMG) is the suitable approach for human-machine interface with the help of exoskeleton.
When working with EMG we actually measure the motor unit action potential [MUAP] generated in the muscle fibers. This potential builds up in the muscles when it receives a signal from the brain to contract or relax.
The document summarizes the evolution of artificial limbs from ancient Egypt to modern times. It discusses some of the earliest known prosthetics from ancient Egypt dating back to 2750-2625 BC. It then outlines key developments in prosthetics throughout history from ancient Greece and Rome to modern innovations like the Jaipur Foot, microprocessor knees, myoelectric arms, and cutting edge research into areas like osseointegration and mind-controlled prosthetics.
IRJET- Powered Exoskeleton for Assisting Upper Limb Disability using ArtemisIRJET Journal
This document describes a powered exoskeleton designed to assist arm movements for those with upper limb disabilities. Specifically, it aims to assist stroke survivors and those with weak musculature. The exoskeleton allows for flexion and extension of the elbow joint, controlled via a joystick. It is made of lightweight materials to minimize strain on the user. The design uses a motor, motor driver, microcontroller and other components to power arm movements and lift loads up to 15kg to assist with daily activities. The goal is to provide affordable rehabilitation and support to regain arm function.
The document discusses principles of lower limb amputation. It covers the anatomy of the lower limb, indications and contraindications for amputation, pre-operative evaluation and preparation, surgical techniques for different types of amputations, post-operative care and complications, and the importance of rehabilitation. Key points include that over 185,000 amputations are performed in the US each year primarily due to peripheral artery disease, the goal of amputation is to remove non-viable tissue while preserving viable tissue for prosthetic fitting, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation is important for returning patients to functional status.
This document describes a bone strain measurement system using an FPGA. The system aims to measure bone strain to analyze bone characteristics and how structural properties change with mechanical loads and biological factors. Strain gauges attached to bone samples convert strain into voltage signals, which are transmitted for processing. The FPGA implementation reduces design time and cost while consuming low power. Comparison of patient bone strain details to a database could aid diagnosis of bone diseases like osteoporosis.
Peizosurgery: A boon in modern periodonticsAnushri Gupta
Piezoelectricity is the electricity resulting from pressure. It is effective in precise bone cutting. It spares soft tissue and hence less blood loss is seen.
This document summarizes research on artificial intelligence arms and prosthetic hands. It discusses how prosthetic limbs have advanced with developments in information technology, allowing them to more easily connect to a person's brain or muscles for movement. However, current prosthetic hands remain inferior to natural hands. The document also reviews the history of prosthetic hand development from pneumatic to myoelectric systems. Despite advances, rejection rates of upper limb prosthetics remain high. Future improvements may come from advances in areas like materials, battery life, control systems, surgical techniques, and 3D printing.
General principles of arthroscopy kle, belgaum, dr utkarsh dwivediUtkarsh Dwivedi
Arthroscopy involves using small cameras and surgical tools inserted into joints through small incisions to diagnose and treat joint problems. Key instruments used in arthroscopy include arthroscopes, probes, scissors, forceps, knives, and motorized shavers. Proper joint distension is important for clear visualization and maneuverability during the procedure. Anesthesia can involve local or regional nerve blocks, and a tourniquet may be used to improve visibility by reducing bleeding. Careful sterilization of instruments is crucial. Arthroscopy offers minimally invasive treatment of joint disorders with low morbidity.
A prosthesis is a device designed to replace a missing body part or improve body function. There are two main types of prostheses: exoskeletal and endoskeletal. An exoskeletal prosthesis derives strength from an outer shell, while an endoskeletal uses an internal frame. Prosthesis components include a socket, body, suspension system, and terminal device. The fitting process involves casts, evaluating individual needs, and adjustments. Proper maintenance and care of the prosthesis is needed to avoid damage. Nursing management involves ensuring proper use and care of the prosthesis.
Prosthesis upper limb and lower limb.pptxBadalverma11
Physiotherapy- Complete details about prosthesis both upper and lower limb, and training and physiotherapy management #gait training #sports
Contents-
Introduction
Purpose
Components
Upper limb- above elbow And below elbow, socket, cable mechanism, elbow and wrist unit, hand/terminal device
Lower limb- above knee, below knee and syme prosthesis
Socket- quadrilateral, PTB
Knee and ankle unit
Foot
Physiotherapy management -
First therapy, muscle strengthening, mobility
Training of don and doff , care of. Stump and bandaging
Gait training and sports
@cpu
An exoskeleton is a powered external framework that attaches to a person to boost their strength and endurance. While early attempts in 1965 were unsuccessful, current exoskeletons use hydraulics or electric motors to help lift heavy loads. They are used militarily but also have applications in industries like construction, healthcare for moving patients, and rehabilitation. Technological challenges include developing lightweight yet powerful actuators, joint flexibility, and precise computer controls to move in sync with the wearer.
1. This study aims to assess outcomes of arthroscopic reduction and fixation of ACL tibial eminence avulsion fractures using an arthroscopic pullout suture technique.
2. A retrospective and prospective study will be conducted on patients undergoing this technique for Types 2, 3, and 4 ACL tibial eminence fractures.
3. Functional outcomes will be evaluated using Lysholm and IKDC scores, and time to fracture union and restoration of knee anatomy will be assessed.
This document describes the development of an automatic stretcher cum wheelchair. It begins with an abstract that outlines the increasing number of disabled individuals in India and need for a mobility device that can convert between a wheelchair and stretcher. It then reviews existing wheelchair and stretcher designs and their limitations. Several concepts for a convertible wheelchair-stretcher are generated, including ones that slide or lift a stretcher frame from the wheelchair and ones that use hydraulic mechanisms to adjust the height. The concepts aim to address issues identified from user studies such as transferring patients between vehicles, stretchers, and beds. The document concludes that a convertible wheelchair-stretcher could help patients be more efficiently transported within hospitals.
The researchers designed and developed an EOG-controlled electric wheelchair system for patients with quadriplegia. Quadriplegia results in total or partial loss of use of all four limbs from neurological disease or spinal cord injury. The EOG recorder captures eye blinks and movements to control the wheelchair. The total cost is around 20,000 BDT, much lower than commercial options over 80,000 BDT. With funding and support, the system could be commercialized and costs reduced further through mass production, benefiting rural and low-income Bangladeshis with disabilities.
The document provides an overview of recent advances in various types of joint arthroplasty procedures, including the hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow. It discusses new implant designs, materials, surgical techniques such as minimally invasive procedures, computer navigation, and in some cases robotics. The goal of many new procedures and devices is to better restore normal joint biomechanics, reduce invasiveness and recovery times, and increase implant longevity and patient function.
Similar to Advancements in upper extremity prostheses (20)
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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1. Advancements in Upper Extremity
Prostheses
Rajnish Kumar Sharma
Assistant Professor(P&O)
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute for Persons with
Physical Disabilities,
Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities,
Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment,
Government of India
2. Disability is an opportunity for transcending the
ordinary for Empowerment
(Through Appropriate Prosthetic Intervention)
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4. Canyon
• A canyon is a deep, narrow valley with steep
sides. ... The movement of rivers, the
processes of weathering and erosion, and
tectonic activity create canyons.
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5. Canyoneering
• Canyoneering is the exploration of a canyon
from point A to point B using a range of
techniques that include hiking, scrambling,
sliding, stemming, chimneying and
rappelling. Imagine extreme hiking with a
harness, a helmet and appropriate rope
systems.
• Canyoneering is the intimate exploration of
forgotten Earth. It is poetry in movement.
06-04-2022 5
6. A R Rahman film composer, record
producer, singer and songwriter
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8. Aron Lee Ralston
• An American outdoorsman, mechanical
engineer and motivational speaker known for
surviving a canyoneering accident by cutting
off part of his right arm.
• The incident is documented in Ralston's
autobiography Between a Rock and a Hard
Place and is the subject of the 2010 film 127
Hours where he is portrayed by James Franco.
06-04-2022 8
9. AR Vs AR
• American mountain climber Aron Ralston,
whose life is the subject of Danny Boyle's
movie '127 Hours', has complimented Indian
composer A.R. Rahman for his music in the
movie.
06-04-2022 9
10. AR Vs AR
• AR Rahman received a hand-written note
from Ralston, and he has posted a copy of the
note on his social networking accounts on
Facebook and Twitter.
• The note reads, "For A.R, Thank you for
bringing your amazing music to my story - if
only I had your soundtrack in the canyon, I
could've lasted another 127 hours. Best
Wishes, A.R. (Aron Ralston)."
06-04-2022 10
12. Prosthetics
• Prosthetics refers to the design, fabrication,
and fitting of custom-made artificial limbs or
other types of assistive devices for patients
who have lost limbs as a result of traumatic
injuries, vascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or
congenital disorders.
06-04-2022 12
13. Prostheses
• Will restore – as completely as possible – the
function and appearance of a full or partial
missing limb.
• Because of vast differences in human anatomy,
the fabrication of prostheses is an intricate,
custom procedure that requires a high degree of
skill and sophisticated technology.
• The end goal, after all, is to develop a limb that
fits perfectly and gives the patient the utmost
level of comfort and convenience.
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14. UEP
• Developing a prosthetic device, such as an
upper extremity prosthesis, follows a careful
process from start to finish, all based on the
patient’s unique needs.
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15. UEP Processes
• After evaluating the patient, including detailed
measurements and fittings, the prosthesis is
designed.
• This design is determined by the patient’s
physical attributes, activity level, and
functional needs.
• Amputees generally require a new device
every few years for their lives.
06-04-2022 15
16. Advanced Upper Extremity Prostheses
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Significant Changes in Technology
• Prosthesis fingers have improved mechanics
and functionality and now have multiple
motors, better batteries, more intelligent
sensors, and more accurate grip strength
when handling something delicate.
17. Myoelectric / External Power
• A myoelectric upper extremity prosthetic device
is powered by a battery system and is controlled
by electromyography (EMG) signals generated
during muscle contractions received through
electrodes mounted in the socket.
• These signals are sent to a motor in the
prosthetic elbow and/or wrist. A myoelectric
elbow may then bend or straighten, a wrist can
flex, and a hand can open or close.
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18. Myoelectric / External Power
• It offers functional
cosmetic restoration;
• It can increase a
person’s grip force to
20-32 lbs;
• Harness system is
reduced or eliminated,
which offers comfort
and increased range of
motion.
06-04-2022 18
19. Partial Hand and Finger
• Finger and partial-hand amputees are among
the most common type of amputees.
• Recently a variety of options became available
for these prosthetic devices.
• Playing an important role for amputees, these
prostheses offer gripping options and counter-
support when grasping objects.
06-04-2022 19
20. Activity Specific Devices
• Designed to meet the
work or recreational
needs of the patient.
• These needs could
range from typing to
playing musical
instruments to playing
sports, and more.
06-04-2022 20
21. High Realism Silicone Prosthesis
• Designed to be unnoticeable by others.
• Each prosthesis is hand-crafted from high
definition silicone and hand-painted to match the
patient’s original skin tone and appearance.
• Most realistic, aesthetically pleasing, and
functional passive restoration
• Every detail is taken into account during the
painting of the prosthetic device, even accounting
for features such as freckles and hair.
06-04-2022 21
29. Current Prosthetic Technological
Scenario
• Researchers at Berlin have developed an
artificial hand which uses smart wires that can
tense and flex as its muscles to perform
extremely precise movements.
• Engineers at Saarland University in Germany
enable development of flexible and lightweight
robot hands for industrial applications and novel
prosthetic devices.
06-04-2022 29
30. IMES
• Amputees can control their bionic prosthetic
limbs with their minds through tiny implanted
myoelectric sensors (IMES) developed by
Icelandic orthopedics company Ossur.
• Surgically implanted tiny sensors in a amputee's
residual muscle tissue.
• That trigger movement in the prosthesis via a
receiver.
06-04-2022 30
31. Osteo-integration
• Osteo-integration for limbs involves inserting
a metal rod into an arm bone.
• The bone then fuses with the rod in a manner
similar to fracture healing.
• The resulting implant offers numerous
benefits but also introduces some health
risks.
06-04-2022 31
32. Advantages of Osteo-integration
• increased comfort, especially with the elimination
of socket-related skin problems;
• it’s much easier to attach and detach a
prosthesis;
• greater strength/stability;
• more intuitive use of the prosthesis including a
broader range of motion;
• improved osteo-perception ;
• overall improved quality of life.
06-04-2022 32
33. Disadvantages of Osteo-integration
• it’s major surgery with a long recovery time;
• it involves significant costs;
• the implant presents a serious risk of deep
infection (up to 41 %);
• bone fractures occur in up to 9 % of the cases;
• implant parts break in up to 31 % of cases;
• the implants end up being removed in up to
roughly 20 % of the cases.
06-04-2022 33
34. Mind-controlled prosthesis
• In January 2013, Dr.
Rickard Brånemark led
the world’s first surgery
where neuromuscular
electrodes were
permanently implanted
in an amputee,
connecting prostheses
to the patient’s bone,
nerves, and muscles.
06-04-2022 34
35. The Next Generation Robotic Arm
• Conventional robotic prostheses available
today are attached with a socket and
controlled via electrodes placed on the skin.
• Robotic prostheses can be very advanced, but
such a control system makes them unreliable
and limits their functionality, and patients
commonly reject them as a result. By
connecting the prosthesis directly to bone,
nerves and muscles
06-04-2022 35
36. Integrum Robotic System
• The Integrum robotic system can provide a
significantly improved user experience.
• Unrestricted range of motion
• Precise and reliable prosthetic control
• Direct and intuitive neural sensory feedback
• Stable mechanical attachment
• Reduced phantom limb pain
06-04-2022 36
37. Mind-controlled prosthesis
• The artificial arm is
directly attached to the
skeleton, thus providing
mechanical stability. Then
the human’s biological
control system, that is
nerves and muscles, is
also interfaced via
neuromuscular electrodes
to the prosthesis via
Integrum’s advanced
control system.
06-04-2022 37
38. Mind-controlled prosthesis
• This creates an intimate union
between the body and the
prosthesis; between biology
and mechatronics.
• The stack connector interfaced
with a pin connector
extending from the central
sealing component, from
which leads extended
intramedullary and then
transcortically to a final
connector located in the soft
tissue. The leads from the
neuromuscular electrodes are
mated to connector.
06-04-2022 38
39. Mind-controlled prosthesis
• The prosthetic limb is
attached to the abutment,
which transfers the load to
the bone via the
osseointegrated fixture. The
abutment screw, which goes
through the abutment to
the fixture, is designed to
maintain the abutment in
place. A parallel connector
is embedded in the screw’s
distal end to electrically
interface the artificial limb.
06-04-2022 39
40. Mind-controlled prosthesis
• This connector is electrically
linked to a second feed
through connector embedded
in the screw’s proximal end.
• The stack connector interfaced
with a pin connector
extending from the central
sealing component, from
which leads extended
intramedullary and then
transcortically to a final
connector located in the soft
tissue. The leads from the
neuromuscular electrodes are
mated to connector.
06-04-2022 40
41. TMR
Targeted Muscle Re-innervation is the surgical
reassignment of nerves to alternative
muscles. It can prevent the formation of
neuromas, decrease phantom pain, and help
improve user control over myoelectric
devices.
06-04-2022 41
43. 3D scanning and 3D printing
• Prosthetist utilizes 3D scanning and 3D
printing in the production of upper extremity
custom made prostheses.
• This technology enables to make the most
precise fitting prosthetic sockets.
• Scanners enhance experience as a patient
because it eliminate a lengthy casting
procedure of plaster or other wet, casting
products.
06-04-2022 43
44. 3D scanning and 3D printing
• Scanning procedure takes approximately 2-3
minutes and generates a 3 dimensional replica
of limb that is uploaded to software program
for computer-assisted modifications.
• 3D scanning also enables us to track any
changes occurring in limb and make changes
to system with more precision than other
companies that utilize casts and plaster molds.
06-04-2022 44
45. Advancements
• Incremental improvements in the flexibility,
cushioning, and rotational ability of modern
artificial limbs increase a prosthetic’s comfort
and functionality, allowing prosthetic wearers
to come closer to feeling like they are wearing
a natural limb. And as the quality
of prosthetics increases, prosthetic wearers
are more able to resume activities previously
made difficult by their lack of a natural limb.
06-04-2022 45