1. Upper limb amputations occur frequently due to trauma, tumors, and diseases. Prosthetic options include body-powered, myoelectric, and hybrid prostheses.
2. Myoelectric prostheses provide more grip force but rely on electromyography signals from muscles. Body-powered prostheses are durable but restrictive.
3. Advances in prosthetics include improved suspension through suction sockets, microprocessor control of wrist/elbow function, and water-resistant terminal devices.
This document summarizes research on artificial intelligence arms and prosthetic hands. It discusses how prosthetic limbs have advanced with developments in information technology, allowing them to more easily connect to a person's brain or muscles for movement. However, current prosthetic hands remain inferior to natural hands. The document also reviews the history of prosthetic hand development from pneumatic to myoelectric systems. Despite advances, rejection rates of upper limb prosthetics remain high. Future improvements may come from advances in areas like materials, battery life, control systems, surgical techniques, and 3D printing.
The document discusses different types of prostheses for various body parts including craniofacial, intra-oral, extra-oral, limb, and somato prostheses. It provides details on specific prostheses such as transradial, transfemoral, transtibial and transhumeral prostheses. The summary discusses costs, options for body-powered versus electric prostheses, and types of terminal devices including hooks, prehensors, and hands.
Upper Limb Prosthetics - Dr Om Prakashmrinal joshi
This document provides information on upper limb prostheses. It discusses the history of prosthetics, levels of amputation, types of prosthetic systems (passive, body-powered, externally powered, hybrid), components (socket, suspension, control mechanisms, terminal devices), and considerations for prosthetic selection and use. The key points are that upper limb loss can be devastating, prosthetics can replace some hand functions but not sensation, and the appropriate prosthesis depends on the amputation level, expected use, and individual factors.
This document discusses the development of a low-cost prosthetic hand for people who have lost the use of their arm. It aims to design a hand that can perform basic grasping and holding functions through the sensing of muscle activity in the forearm. The system would use low-cost materials and motors to open and close soft prosthetic fingers similar to an umbrella opening and closing. This would provide an affordable alternative to existing high-cost prosthetics that use complex brain-signal control. The document reviews different types of existing prosthetic hands and the mechanics, electronics, and safety aspects considered in the design project.
A prosthesis is an artificial replacement for any part of the body that is missing. It is designed to replace the function and appearance of the missing limb as much as possible. Prostheses for lower and upper limb amputations are prescribed based on the level and cause of amputation. The main components of a prosthesis are the socket, suspension system, control system, and terminal device. The socket provides an intimate fit with the residual limb. Suspension systems like belts and harnesses help hold the prosthesis securely. Control systems can be body-powered using cables or externally powered using batteries. Terminal devices replace missing hands or feet. The goal is to restore ambulation and functional tasks using a prosthesis.
Different types of electric terminal devices used for transradial and transhumeral, shoulder disarticutaion prosthesis used for external powered prosthesis.
IRJET - Advancement of the Adjustable and Modest 3D Printed Prosthetic AR...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the development of an adjustable 3D printed prosthetic arm controlled via electromyography (EMG) signals. The researchers designed a prosthetic arm that can be controlled intuitively via EMG sensors that detect muscle contractions in the amputated limb. The arm was 3D printed to be lightweight and affordable. Testing showed the arm could accurately interpret EMG signals and perform basic motions like grasping objects. The researchers concluded the 3D printed EMG-controlled arm has potential to provide amputees increased independence through an affordable and customizable prosthetic option.
This document summarizes research on artificial intelligence arms and prosthetic hands. It discusses how prosthetic limbs have advanced with developments in information technology, allowing them to more easily connect to a person's brain or muscles for movement. However, current prosthetic hands remain inferior to natural hands. The document also reviews the history of prosthetic hand development from pneumatic to myoelectric systems. Despite advances, rejection rates of upper limb prosthetics remain high. Future improvements may come from advances in areas like materials, battery life, control systems, surgical techniques, and 3D printing.
The document discusses different types of prostheses for various body parts including craniofacial, intra-oral, extra-oral, limb, and somato prostheses. It provides details on specific prostheses such as transradial, transfemoral, transtibial and transhumeral prostheses. The summary discusses costs, options for body-powered versus electric prostheses, and types of terminal devices including hooks, prehensors, and hands.
Upper Limb Prosthetics - Dr Om Prakashmrinal joshi
This document provides information on upper limb prostheses. It discusses the history of prosthetics, levels of amputation, types of prosthetic systems (passive, body-powered, externally powered, hybrid), components (socket, suspension, control mechanisms, terminal devices), and considerations for prosthetic selection and use. The key points are that upper limb loss can be devastating, prosthetics can replace some hand functions but not sensation, and the appropriate prosthesis depends on the amputation level, expected use, and individual factors.
This document discusses the development of a low-cost prosthetic hand for people who have lost the use of their arm. It aims to design a hand that can perform basic grasping and holding functions through the sensing of muscle activity in the forearm. The system would use low-cost materials and motors to open and close soft prosthetic fingers similar to an umbrella opening and closing. This would provide an affordable alternative to existing high-cost prosthetics that use complex brain-signal control. The document reviews different types of existing prosthetic hands and the mechanics, electronics, and safety aspects considered in the design project.
A prosthesis is an artificial replacement for any part of the body that is missing. It is designed to replace the function and appearance of the missing limb as much as possible. Prostheses for lower and upper limb amputations are prescribed based on the level and cause of amputation. The main components of a prosthesis are the socket, suspension system, control system, and terminal device. The socket provides an intimate fit with the residual limb. Suspension systems like belts and harnesses help hold the prosthesis securely. Control systems can be body-powered using cables or externally powered using batteries. Terminal devices replace missing hands or feet. The goal is to restore ambulation and functional tasks using a prosthesis.
Different types of electric terminal devices used for transradial and transhumeral, shoulder disarticutaion prosthesis used for external powered prosthesis.
IRJET - Advancement of the Adjustable and Modest 3D Printed Prosthetic AR...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the development of an adjustable 3D printed prosthetic arm controlled via electromyography (EMG) signals. The researchers designed a prosthetic arm that can be controlled intuitively via EMG sensors that detect muscle contractions in the amputated limb. The arm was 3D printed to be lightweight and affordable. Testing showed the arm could accurately interpret EMG signals and perform basic motions like grasping objects. The researchers concluded the 3D printed EMG-controlled arm has potential to provide amputees increased independence through an affordable and customizable prosthetic option.
Limb Prosthetic ,types of limb ProstheticRahul Aade
This document provides an overview of prosthetic devices. It discusses the different types of prostheses including upper and lower extremity prostheses. The major types described are trans-humeral, trans-radial, trans-femoral, and trans-tibial prostheses. The document also outlines the typical components of a prosthesis including the socket, suspension, control system, and terminal device. Common materials used in prosthetics like metal, polymer, carbon fiber, and supporting materials are mentioned. Finally, the document discusses the different categories of upper limb prosthetic systems including passive, body powered, externally powered myoelectric, hybrid, and activity-specific prostheses.
Dissection is defined as the separation of tissues with hemostasis. It consists of a sensory visual and tactile component, an access component involving tissue manipulation, and instrument maneuverability.
A robotic arm is a Programmable mechanical arm which copies the functions of the human arm. They
are widely used in industries. Human robot-controlled interfaces mainly focus on providing rehabilitation to
amputees in order to overcome their amputation or disability leading them to live a normal life. The major
objective of this project is to develop a movable robotic arm controlled by EMG signals from the muscles of the
upper limb. In this system, our main aim is on providing a low 2-dimensional input derived from emg to move the
arm. This project involves creating a prosthesis system that allows signals recorded directly from the human body.
The arm is mainly divided into 2 parts, control part and moving part. Movable part contains the servo motor
which is connected to the Arduino Uno board, and it helps in developing a motion in accordance with the EMG
signals acquired from the body. The control part is the part that is controlled by the operation according to the
movement of the amputee. Mainly the initiation of the movement for the threshold fixed in the coding. The major
aim of the project is to provide an affordable and easily operable device that helps even the poor sections of the
amputated society to lead a happier and normal life by mimicking the functions of the human arm in terms of both
the physical, structural as well as functional aspects.
NET 2014-Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand with Air musclesRosemary James T
This document describes the development of a myoelectric prosthetic hand that uses pneumatic-controlled tendon-driven air muscles to increase power-to-weight ratio. Surface EMG electrodes acquire signals from residual muscles which are processed by a microcontroller to control pneumatic valves and actuate air muscles. The air muscles are coupled to tendons connected to a three-fingered prosthetic hand through a spring-loaded system. Testing showed the prosthetic hand could flex to 85 degrees and extend to 110 degrees, with each PSI of pressure providing 3mm of extension. The prosthetic design aims to improve functionality through a simpler actuation mechanism compared to electric motors.
An Equipped Sensorized Glove with Bent Sensor for Measuring Finger Flexion Selvi K – PG Scholar,
Embedded System and Technologies,
Rajeswari S – Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE,
PSN college of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, India
This document discusses upper limb prosthetics. It describes the characteristics of a successful prosthesis, considerations when choosing a prosthesis, reasons for upper limb amputations, amputation levels, types of prosthetics including cosmetic, functional, body-powered, externally powered and myoelectric prosthetics. It provides details on the typical components of an upper limb body-powered prosthesis including the socket, suspension, control cables, terminal devices and any intervening joint components. It outlines the timelines for amputation and prosthetic fitting.
This document discusses rehabilitation and prosthetics for upper extremity amputees. It covers:
1. Exercises that should be started after amputation to improve range of motion, strength, and endurance, and avoid contractures.
2. Techniques for performing daily activities like bathing and dressing without a prosthesis by changing hand dominance or using the mouth/feet.
3. The main components of prosthetics including the socket, harness, mechanical elbow, and different terminal devices.
4. Advances in prosthetics technology including myoelectric hands, targeted muscle reinnervation, and future considerations like osseointegration.
1. A prosthesis is a device that replaces a missing body part and can support existing limbs.
2. There are two main types of prostheses - body-powered which use cables for control, and externally powered which use electric motors.
3. Prostheses aim to restore appearance and function as much as possible. Terminal devices like hooks aim to replicate different grips.
Prosthesis upper limb and lower limb.pptxBadalverma11
Physiotherapy- Complete details about prosthesis both upper and lower limb, and training and physiotherapy management #gait training #sports
Contents-
Introduction
Purpose
Components
Upper limb- above elbow And below elbow, socket, cable mechanism, elbow and wrist unit, hand/terminal device
Lower limb- above knee, below knee and syme prosthesis
Socket- quadrilateral, PTB
Knee and ankle unit
Foot
Physiotherapy management -
First therapy, muscle strengthening, mobility
Training of don and doff , care of. Stump and bandaging
Gait training and sports
@cpu
Special Report: Medical Robotics
Self-propelled nanobots that deliver drugs inside the human body...novel sensors that improve the safety and precision of industrial robots...a dynamic hydrogel material that makes building soft robotic devices as simple as assembling a LEGO set. These are just a few of the medical robotics innovations you'll read about in this compendium of recent articles from the editors of Medical Design Briefs and Tech Briefs magazines.
IRJET- Exoskeleton Arm for Therapeutic Applications and Augmented StrengthIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a 2 degree of freedom exoskeleton arm for therapeutic and strength augmentation applications. The exoskeleton arm is designed to be lightweight using an aluminum frame and 3D printed parts. It has degrees of freedom for elbow flexion/extension and finger flexion/extension powered by electric motors controlled via a microcontroller. The design is intended to be low cost and portable while providing data on range of motion for rehabilitation and augmented strength for injury recovery. The document outlines the system architecture, design specifications including part designs, motor selection and control circuits. It concludes the prototype demonstrates the intended 2 degrees of freedom for therapeutic applications.
This document provides information about transtibial (below the knee) amputations and prosthetics. It discusses the history and advancement of CAD-CAM technology for prosthetic socket design. It outlines principles for prosthetic alignment and construction. Biomechanics of the residual limb and socket interface are described. Assessment of the stump condition, range of motion, joint integrity, and muscle strength are discussed as important factors in prosthetic fitting and design.
NET Paper no 63-Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand with Air musclesRosemary James T
This document describes the development of an EMG-activated, tendon-driven myoelectric prosthetic hand that uses air muscles for actuation. The hand aims to provide high power-to-weight ratio and efficiency by mimicking human muscle motion. EMG signals from residual limb muscles are conditioned and used to control pneumatic valves that regulate air pressure in artificial muscles. These air muscles act as tendons to flex prosthetic finger joints via spring-loaded mechanisms. The design improves on motor-driven hands by reducing complexity while maintaining functionality.
This document discusses electrosurgery and provides information on:
1. The history and development of electrosurgery, beginning with Becquerel's use of electrocautery in the 19th century and Bovie's development of the first electrosurgical unit in 1926.
2. Key aspects of electrosurgery including different current types, modes (monopolar vs bipolar), electrodes, and safety considerations.
3. Uses of bipolar electrosurgery for procedures like resection of fibroids and advantages over monopolar techniques.
Prosthetic management of individuals with upper extremity
amputations presents all health professionals, including
prosthetists and therapists, with a set of unique challenges.
For those wearing an upper extremity prosthesis, the terminal
device (TD) of the prosthesis is not covered or obscured
by clothing in the same way that a lower extremity prosthesis
is “hidden” by pants, socks, and shoes. The person with
upper extremity amputation must cope with not only physical
appearance changes, but the loss of some of the most
complex movement patterns and functional activities of
the human body.
In addition, upper extremity limb loss deprives the patient
of an extensive and valuable system of tactile and proprioceptive
inputs that previously provided “feedback” to guide and
refine functional movement. Even the simplest tasks
related to grasp and release become challenging. The ability
to position the prosthetic limb segments in space, as well as
the ability to maintain advantageous postures needed to
manipulate objects, challenge the medical community to
continuously improve the functional and aesthetic outcomes
of prostheses for patients in this population.
The document discusses fractures of the upper limb, specifically focusing on fractures of the elbow joint, radial head, and distal radius. It provides details on the anatomy, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, clinical presentation, treatment approaches, and potential complications for each type of fracture. For elbow fractures, closed and open reduction techniques are described for treating dislocations. Radial head fractures are classified using the Mason system and can be managed non-operatively or surgically with fixation or excision. Distal radius fractures commonly result from falls and involve the articular surfaces, with treatment depending on the degree of displacement.
1. Amputation is an ancient surgical procedure dating back to 1700 BCE that is still commonly performed today, usually as a last resort treatment for conditions like severe trauma, cancer, infection, or vascular disease.
2. Modern amputation techniques focus on preserving maximum length of the residual limb for prosthetic use while managing tissues carefully to minimize complications like neuromas or infection.
3. Rehabilitation after amputation aims to help patients regain independence through mobility aids and prosthetics, though energy expenditure generally increases substantially with more proximal limb loss.
Knee amputation involves the surgical removal of part or all of the lower leg and knee joint. There are different types including below knee amputation (BKA), through knee amputation, and above knee amputation (AKA). Indications for knee amputation include severe trauma, gangrene, peripheral vascular disease, and malignant tumors. The appropriate level of amputation is determined by factors like the disease process and viability of tissues. Post-operative nursing management focuses on pain management, infection prevention, and rehabilitation including physiotherapy and prosthesis fitting to aid mobility and function.
Bionic Arm is the best revolution idea for amputees across the world. This is as close as we can get to our natural limb. This paper is about the study of the prosthetic arm used for amputees and gives an overview of upper limb evolution based on control technologies. It focused on the mechanical parameters like actuation system and prototyping techniques that are required to meet the design specifications. The drive systems which hold the key for proper functioning are described and their pros and cons are stated. A review of materials for prosthetic applications and role of 3D printing as a manufacturing method is discussed This would further enable to choose a system based on variables like dexterity, patients need, a weight of the system and feasibility. Detailed research of robotic limb generation could help us to develop a prosthetic limb that mimics the salient features of the limb. M. Sreedhar | S. Sai Mani Shekar | K. Aditya Vardhan | S. Vaibhav Krishna ""A Review on Bionic Arm"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23221.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/23221/a-review-on-bionic-arm/m-sreedhar
Raphadon provides a range of prosthetic, orthotic, and medical tourism services including artificial limbs, braces, diabetic foot care, and cosmetic prosthetics, and is owned by experienced specialists; it focuses on helping people live normal lives through the latest technologies and works with major brands worldwide to import high-quality products.
Limb Prosthetic ,types of limb ProstheticRahul Aade
This document provides an overview of prosthetic devices. It discusses the different types of prostheses including upper and lower extremity prostheses. The major types described are trans-humeral, trans-radial, trans-femoral, and trans-tibial prostheses. The document also outlines the typical components of a prosthesis including the socket, suspension, control system, and terminal device. Common materials used in prosthetics like metal, polymer, carbon fiber, and supporting materials are mentioned. Finally, the document discusses the different categories of upper limb prosthetic systems including passive, body powered, externally powered myoelectric, hybrid, and activity-specific prostheses.
Dissection is defined as the separation of tissues with hemostasis. It consists of a sensory visual and tactile component, an access component involving tissue manipulation, and instrument maneuverability.
A robotic arm is a Programmable mechanical arm which copies the functions of the human arm. They
are widely used in industries. Human robot-controlled interfaces mainly focus on providing rehabilitation to
amputees in order to overcome their amputation or disability leading them to live a normal life. The major
objective of this project is to develop a movable robotic arm controlled by EMG signals from the muscles of the
upper limb. In this system, our main aim is on providing a low 2-dimensional input derived from emg to move the
arm. This project involves creating a prosthesis system that allows signals recorded directly from the human body.
The arm is mainly divided into 2 parts, control part and moving part. Movable part contains the servo motor
which is connected to the Arduino Uno board, and it helps in developing a motion in accordance with the EMG
signals acquired from the body. The control part is the part that is controlled by the operation according to the
movement of the amputee. Mainly the initiation of the movement for the threshold fixed in the coding. The major
aim of the project is to provide an affordable and easily operable device that helps even the poor sections of the
amputated society to lead a happier and normal life by mimicking the functions of the human arm in terms of both
the physical, structural as well as functional aspects.
NET 2014-Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand with Air musclesRosemary James T
This document describes the development of a myoelectric prosthetic hand that uses pneumatic-controlled tendon-driven air muscles to increase power-to-weight ratio. Surface EMG electrodes acquire signals from residual muscles which are processed by a microcontroller to control pneumatic valves and actuate air muscles. The air muscles are coupled to tendons connected to a three-fingered prosthetic hand through a spring-loaded system. Testing showed the prosthetic hand could flex to 85 degrees and extend to 110 degrees, with each PSI of pressure providing 3mm of extension. The prosthetic design aims to improve functionality through a simpler actuation mechanism compared to electric motors.
An Equipped Sensorized Glove with Bent Sensor for Measuring Finger Flexion Selvi K – PG Scholar,
Embedded System and Technologies,
Rajeswari S – Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE,
PSN college of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, India
This document discusses upper limb prosthetics. It describes the characteristics of a successful prosthesis, considerations when choosing a prosthesis, reasons for upper limb amputations, amputation levels, types of prosthetics including cosmetic, functional, body-powered, externally powered and myoelectric prosthetics. It provides details on the typical components of an upper limb body-powered prosthesis including the socket, suspension, control cables, terminal devices and any intervening joint components. It outlines the timelines for amputation and prosthetic fitting.
This document discusses rehabilitation and prosthetics for upper extremity amputees. It covers:
1. Exercises that should be started after amputation to improve range of motion, strength, and endurance, and avoid contractures.
2. Techniques for performing daily activities like bathing and dressing without a prosthesis by changing hand dominance or using the mouth/feet.
3. The main components of prosthetics including the socket, harness, mechanical elbow, and different terminal devices.
4. Advances in prosthetics technology including myoelectric hands, targeted muscle reinnervation, and future considerations like osseointegration.
1. A prosthesis is a device that replaces a missing body part and can support existing limbs.
2. There are two main types of prostheses - body-powered which use cables for control, and externally powered which use electric motors.
3. Prostheses aim to restore appearance and function as much as possible. Terminal devices like hooks aim to replicate different grips.
Prosthesis upper limb and lower limb.pptxBadalverma11
Physiotherapy- Complete details about prosthesis both upper and lower limb, and training and physiotherapy management #gait training #sports
Contents-
Introduction
Purpose
Components
Upper limb- above elbow And below elbow, socket, cable mechanism, elbow and wrist unit, hand/terminal device
Lower limb- above knee, below knee and syme prosthesis
Socket- quadrilateral, PTB
Knee and ankle unit
Foot
Physiotherapy management -
First therapy, muscle strengthening, mobility
Training of don and doff , care of. Stump and bandaging
Gait training and sports
@cpu
Special Report: Medical Robotics
Self-propelled nanobots that deliver drugs inside the human body...novel sensors that improve the safety and precision of industrial robots...a dynamic hydrogel material that makes building soft robotic devices as simple as assembling a LEGO set. These are just a few of the medical robotics innovations you'll read about in this compendium of recent articles from the editors of Medical Design Briefs and Tech Briefs magazines.
IRJET- Exoskeleton Arm for Therapeutic Applications and Augmented StrengthIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a 2 degree of freedom exoskeleton arm for therapeutic and strength augmentation applications. The exoskeleton arm is designed to be lightweight using an aluminum frame and 3D printed parts. It has degrees of freedom for elbow flexion/extension and finger flexion/extension powered by electric motors controlled via a microcontroller. The design is intended to be low cost and portable while providing data on range of motion for rehabilitation and augmented strength for injury recovery. The document outlines the system architecture, design specifications including part designs, motor selection and control circuits. It concludes the prototype demonstrates the intended 2 degrees of freedom for therapeutic applications.
This document provides information about transtibial (below the knee) amputations and prosthetics. It discusses the history and advancement of CAD-CAM technology for prosthetic socket design. It outlines principles for prosthetic alignment and construction. Biomechanics of the residual limb and socket interface are described. Assessment of the stump condition, range of motion, joint integrity, and muscle strength are discussed as important factors in prosthetic fitting and design.
NET Paper no 63-Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand with Air musclesRosemary James T
This document describes the development of an EMG-activated, tendon-driven myoelectric prosthetic hand that uses air muscles for actuation. The hand aims to provide high power-to-weight ratio and efficiency by mimicking human muscle motion. EMG signals from residual limb muscles are conditioned and used to control pneumatic valves that regulate air pressure in artificial muscles. These air muscles act as tendons to flex prosthetic finger joints via spring-loaded mechanisms. The design improves on motor-driven hands by reducing complexity while maintaining functionality.
This document discusses electrosurgery and provides information on:
1. The history and development of electrosurgery, beginning with Becquerel's use of electrocautery in the 19th century and Bovie's development of the first electrosurgical unit in 1926.
2. Key aspects of electrosurgery including different current types, modes (monopolar vs bipolar), electrodes, and safety considerations.
3. Uses of bipolar electrosurgery for procedures like resection of fibroids and advantages over monopolar techniques.
Prosthetic management of individuals with upper extremity
amputations presents all health professionals, including
prosthetists and therapists, with a set of unique challenges.
For those wearing an upper extremity prosthesis, the terminal
device (TD) of the prosthesis is not covered or obscured
by clothing in the same way that a lower extremity prosthesis
is “hidden” by pants, socks, and shoes. The person with
upper extremity amputation must cope with not only physical
appearance changes, but the loss of some of the most
complex movement patterns and functional activities of
the human body.
In addition, upper extremity limb loss deprives the patient
of an extensive and valuable system of tactile and proprioceptive
inputs that previously provided “feedback” to guide and
refine functional movement. Even the simplest tasks
related to grasp and release become challenging. The ability
to position the prosthetic limb segments in space, as well as
the ability to maintain advantageous postures needed to
manipulate objects, challenge the medical community to
continuously improve the functional and aesthetic outcomes
of prostheses for patients in this population.
The document discusses fractures of the upper limb, specifically focusing on fractures of the elbow joint, radial head, and distal radius. It provides details on the anatomy, mechanisms of injury, classification systems, clinical presentation, treatment approaches, and potential complications for each type of fracture. For elbow fractures, closed and open reduction techniques are described for treating dislocations. Radial head fractures are classified using the Mason system and can be managed non-operatively or surgically with fixation or excision. Distal radius fractures commonly result from falls and involve the articular surfaces, with treatment depending on the degree of displacement.
1. Amputation is an ancient surgical procedure dating back to 1700 BCE that is still commonly performed today, usually as a last resort treatment for conditions like severe trauma, cancer, infection, or vascular disease.
2. Modern amputation techniques focus on preserving maximum length of the residual limb for prosthetic use while managing tissues carefully to minimize complications like neuromas or infection.
3. Rehabilitation after amputation aims to help patients regain independence through mobility aids and prosthetics, though energy expenditure generally increases substantially with more proximal limb loss.
Knee amputation involves the surgical removal of part or all of the lower leg and knee joint. There are different types including below knee amputation (BKA), through knee amputation, and above knee amputation (AKA). Indications for knee amputation include severe trauma, gangrene, peripheral vascular disease, and malignant tumors. The appropriate level of amputation is determined by factors like the disease process and viability of tissues. Post-operative nursing management focuses on pain management, infection prevention, and rehabilitation including physiotherapy and prosthesis fitting to aid mobility and function.
Bionic Arm is the best revolution idea for amputees across the world. This is as close as we can get to our natural limb. This paper is about the study of the prosthetic arm used for amputees and gives an overview of upper limb evolution based on control technologies. It focused on the mechanical parameters like actuation system and prototyping techniques that are required to meet the design specifications. The drive systems which hold the key for proper functioning are described and their pros and cons are stated. A review of materials for prosthetic applications and role of 3D printing as a manufacturing method is discussed This would further enable to choose a system based on variables like dexterity, patients need, a weight of the system and feasibility. Detailed research of robotic limb generation could help us to develop a prosthetic limb that mimics the salient features of the limb. M. Sreedhar | S. Sai Mani Shekar | K. Aditya Vardhan | S. Vaibhav Krishna ""A Review on Bionic Arm"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23221.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/23221/a-review-on-bionic-arm/m-sreedhar
Raphadon provides a range of prosthetic, orthotic, and medical tourism services including artificial limbs, braces, diabetic foot care, and cosmetic prosthetics, and is owned by experienced specialists; it focuses on helping people live normal lives through the latest technologies and works with major brands worldwide to import high-quality products.
Similar to vdocuments.net_upper-limb-prosthesis.pptx (20)
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
3. Prior to antiseptic surgery and
antimicrobial drugs many amputations
of the limb were caused by fractures .
Although amputations of the upper limb
may be presumed to have occurred
from very early times the first record of
an artificial device used for an upper
limb amputation is thought to have
come from the second Punic war 218-
201 BC
4.
5.
6. 6000 to 10,000 major amputations of
upper limb occur every year in united
states .
Upper limb amputations with hand loss
is extremely devastating , upper limb
traumatic amputations occur twice as
frequently as traumatic amputations of
lower limb
7. 1- trauma
Trauma is undoubtedly the largest producer of upper limb
amputations and can include fractures , electrical ,
thermal burns , frostbite and machine injuries
2 - Tumor
Significant improvements in cancer detection and treatment
in recent decades are believe to have resulted in gradual
decline in upper limb amputations
3- Disease
Major limb amputations have been reported for vascular
complications secondary to infections produced by drugs
injected into back of hand or into wed spaces of digits.
8.
9. Partial hand amputations may be
considered to be any number of
amputations involving any or all of
digits or the radial or ulnar border of
the hand.
10. The wrist disarticulation level
amputation is usually performed
when the partial hand residual limb
is without thumb or fingers and
when the motions afforded by the
wrist and palm of the hands has
virtually nothing to oppose it.
11. According to Taylor s’ a long trans
radial amputation is defined as 8 to
10 inches from the centre of lateral
Epicondyle to the end of the residual
limb
12. . Amputation at the level of elbow
disarticulation is performed for a
variety of reasons.
13. The long or standard trans
humeral amputation is defined as
one of 50 to 90% of the length of a
normal humeurs and is usually the
level of choice for amputation
above the elbow .
14. Shoulder disarticulation may be
defined as any amputation of the
arm from approximately 30% of the
humeurs through the shoulder joint
15. Shoulder disarticulation is usually
performed because of tumor . In the
forequarter the clavicle and scapula
are usually sacrificed as well as the
entire length of the humeurs and the
rest of the arm.
16.
17. 1. Body powered prosthesis
2. Electrically powered prosthesis
(Myoelectric prosthesis)
3. Hybrid prosthesis
4. Activity specific prosthesis
18. Body-powered prostheses represent a
common type of prosthesis.
These body-powered devices are durable
, often weigh less than their electrical
counterparts.
Their mechanics depend on
proprioceptive feedback through the
harness system.
Disadvantages of a body-powered
prosthesis revolve around the restrictive
nature of its design. The harness, which is
required for functionality and suspension,
limits the range of motion and functional
envelope of the individual.
19. The functional envelope refers to the
range of motion around a person’s body
in which he or she can operate the
prosthesis without limiting or affecting
the function of the contralateral limb.
When a patient uses a prosthesis outside
the functional envelope, it becomes
difficult to operate a terminal device
without having to use gross body
motion.
Long-term use of a body-powered
prosthesis can accelerate shoulder
issues and anterior muscle imbalances
and lead to nerve entrapment within the
contralateral axilla.
20.
21. The electrically powered
prosthesis provides more grip
force and enhanced functional
envelope, while reducing or
eliminating the overall harnessing
necessary with a body-powered
prosthesis.
22. Many different designs are
available. The term Myoelectric
commonly is associated with
electrical prostheses even though
other electrical control modalities.
These include Myoelectrodes,
switches, slider-type input devices
( linear, transducers, or
potentiometers) and force-sensing
resistors (or touch pads).
23. Myoelectrodes collect and filter
surface electromyogram signals
generated through muscle
contractions and convert those
signals into a form that can influence
electrical motors.
Muscle sites are based primarily on
the level of amputation and socket
design. It typically include the
anterior deltoid, biceps, wrist flexors,
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres
major, triceps, and wrist extensors.
24. Any muscle that plays a reverse
action or postural role should be
evaluated carefully to avoid
unwanted muscle contraction.
A common example would be use
of the trapezius for a Myoelectric
control site. Another area of
concern is using a muscle for
Myoelectric control that is in close
proximity to cardiac muscle.
25.
26. A variety of motions are possible
through different kinds of switching
devices.
Many switches are activated by
pulling a cable or pressing a
button.
Switches are designed to perform
multiple functions and come in
many presentations. Harness-type
switches rely on some type of pull
to move the switch.
27. Depressing the switch with a chin,
phocomelic finger, residual limb, or
contralateral hand moves another
type of switch, often referred to as a
push switch.
A push switch may be placed distal
to the axilla on the inner side of the
person’s forearm on a transradial
level amputee and activated by
humeral abduction.
More advanced switches are found
in multiposition types of applications
28.
29. Slider-type input devices convert distance,
speed, or force into proportional movement
of a prosthetic limb.
As a result, feedback enhances
proprioception.
Slider-type input devices come in two
varieties , the linear type of potentiometer is
a input device that translates linear motion
or into proportional function. Examples of
this input device is the Linear Potentiometer.
The second variety is the force-sensing type
, such as Motion Control.
30. Some electrical prostheses employ a force-
sensing Resistor . These types of input
devices consist of a force-sensing resistor
matrix.
The amputee activates the force-sensing
resistor by moving the shoulder complex, a
phocomelic finger, residual humeral neck, or
other residual anatomy.
It reduces the incidence of phantom limb pain
Special care is require in force-sensing
resistors , Improper installation results in
premature failure and greater expense and can
produce uncomfortable perspiration,
moisture, and uneven shear force.
31.
32. The hybrid prosthesis combines the
benefits of body-powered and electrical
styles.
This type of design allows simultaneous
control of the elbow and terminal device
and most commonly is simplified with the
use of a body-powered elbow , electrical
terminal device and wrist.
In some cases, an amputee may choose a
fully conventional system with an
electronic wrist, but not usually as the first
option.
33.
34. The last prosthetic option is that of the activity-
specific prosthesis. This type of prosthesis is
designed for a specific activity where more
typical prosthetic options are not sufficient.
Patients use this custom device successfully
for activities such as gardening, weightlifting,
and skydiving.
These special prostheses allow patients to
resume meaningful activities and help life
‘‘return to normal’’ in a tangible way. These
devices also physically show to the amputee’s
family and friends that he or she is capable of
doing many diverse activities
35.
36. Current advances in upper limb
technology can be divided into five
categories,
Treatment protocol
Prosthetic interface
Microprocessor technology
Terminal devices
37. This process involves fitting the patient
within 2 to 3 days, then following the
patient consistently through
occupational therapy
This close interaction allows clinicians
to evaluate better the interface,
component choice , use and
therapeutic issues.
38. A major determining factor of whether a patient will
use a prosthesis comfortably is the design of
prosthetic interface.
One type of interface method is beginning to be used
more frequently in upper limb prosthetics the roll-on
suction suspension liner.
This design helps provide a positive type of
suspension, while eliminating suspension
harnessing, which allows the incorporation of more
functional control harnessing.
Roll-on liners can be used with all type of
prostheses, including Myoelectric prostheses
39.
40. A suction-type design is used to
stabilize the residual limb at the
contours of Epicondyle.
The transradial anatomic
contoured socket contours the
muscles of the residual limb and
maintains a suspension that
incorporates the benefits of the
mediolateral and anterior-posterior
contours of the residual limb.
41.
42. Currently, microprocessor technology
influences terminal device control wrist
and elbow functions, and other options,
such as shoulder joint locking and
unlocking, remote on-and-off control,
and sensory feedback.
The microprocessor enhances input
characteristics to produce the desired
output optimizing prosthetic function
and increasing overall ease of use.
43. Two breakthroughs in terminal
device technology have had a
significant impact on the future of
electronic prostheses.
The first is the introduction of
water/dust resistant components.
These new components function
better in the real world and have
fewer moisture-related problems.
The second major development is
that of speed.