This document discusses different parts of speech including adjectives, articles, prepositions, and interjections. It provides information on how adjectives are used comparatively and superlatively, both regularly and irregularly. Articles are defined as definite or indefinite. Prepositions are words like in and by that are used in prepositional phrases. Interjections express strong feelings and are often punctuated with exclamation points. Pronouns are also classified according to their type and function.

1. ADJECTIVES

2. ADJECTIVE
modifies limits
qualifies
Nouns/Pronouns

3. Most adjectives have
only one form, but
short ones add the
ending –er and –est to
become comparative
and superlative.

4. The comparative means
that something has more
of the quality described
by the adjective, and the
superlative means that it
has the most of the
quality in the group.

5. On the other hand,
other adjectives use
the words: more (for
comparative) and
most (for superlative).

6. REGULAR ADJECTIVES
Positive Comparative Superlative
long longer longest
sweet sweeter sweetest
pretty prettier prettiest
lovely lovelier loveliest
happy happier happiest
clean cleaner cleanest

7. IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
Positive Comparative Superlative
bad worse worst
good better best
little less least

8. LONG ADJECTIVES
Positive Comparative Superlative
interesting more
interesting
most
interesting
beautiful more
beautiful
most
beautiful
expensive more
expensive
most
expensive

9. ARTICLES
the a, an, some, o
definite non-definite
determiner

10. NON-DEFINITE ARTICLES
a • With singular count
nouns
a flower
an • With singular count
nouns
an insect
some • With plural count
nouns
• With uncountable
nouns
some flowers
some insects
some furniture
some courage
o (null) • With plural count
nouns
• With non-countable
nouns
o flowers
o insects
furniture
courage

11. PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word
like in, by, near, into,
over, behind, inside,
around, on, and from.

12. PREPOSITION
Prepositions are used in noun
phrases and the phrases are
called prepositional phrases.
The noun following the
preposition is called object of
the preposition with which it
functions as adverb of place.

13. THE
TROJAN
HORSE

14. INTERJECTION
The word that expresses a strong
feeling is called interjection. The
exclamation point (!) is used in English
after a sentence that expresses a
strong feeling or excitement. Such
sentences are called exclamations.
Sometimes an exclamation consists of
a whole sentence with a subject and a
verb but sometimes it consists of only a
few words or only a word.

15. INTERJECTION
There are several kinds of exclamations:
1. Short Exclamations, without subject or predicate. (e.g.,
Help!, Ouch!, No, indeed!)
2. Sentences that are regular in form but which become
exclamations when they are spoken with strong feeling.
a. The airplane is burning!
b. It’s raining!
c. Run to the backyard!
3. Sentences that are exclamatory in form. There are sentences
which can only be exclamations because of grammar.
They begin with:
a. What – before a noun (e.g., What a beautiful dress!)
b. How – before an adjective or adverb (e.g., How gracefully
she walks!)

16. INTERJECTION
What and How always modify
some sentence parts that would
normally occur in the predicate of
the sentence. In exclamation,
what and how occur at the
beginning of the sentence, and the
subject and the verb remain in
their normal order.

17. INTERJECTION
Normal: That is a wonderful film.
Exclamation: What a wonderful film!
Normal: Jerome drew a beautiful picture.
Exclamation: What a beautiful picture Jerome drew!
Normal: Nila sings beautifully.
Exclamation: How beautiful Nila sings!
Normal: The typhoon was destructive.
Exclamation: How destructive the typhoon was!

18. MORE ABOUT WORDS USED AS
DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH
•ADJECTIVE
descriptive pronominal
(Connected with pronouns)(Ordinary adjectives)

19. MORE ABOUT WORDS USED AS
DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH
This man
That man
What man?
Which hat?
My hat
His house
Some water
Any house
Type of Pronominal
Demonstrative
Interrogative
Possessive
Indefinite
Function
-To point out
-To ask questions
-To indicate
ownership
-To give an indefinite
idea

20. CLASSIFICATION OF PRONOUNS
ACCORDING TO TYPE
I said it.
The man who said it.
That is true.
What did you say?
This hat is mine.
I want some.
Type of Pronoun
Personal
Relative
Demonstrative
Interrogative
Possessive
Indefinite
Function
-To indicate a person or thing
instead of using a noun
-To relate to an
antecedent, noun, idea
-To point out
-To ask question
-To indicate ownership
-To indicate an indefinite
idea