1. - Rishabh Sardana
BE ECE (5th Semester)
UE105079

2. Imagine a future in which a device connected to
your computer can print a solid object.

3.  Additive manufacturing or 3D
printing is a process of making
three-dimensional solid objects
from a digital model.
 Additive processes - laying down
successive layers of material
creates an object.
3 D Printers

4. General Principle
 Virtual designs from
 Computer Aided Design (CAD)
 Animation modeling software
 Scanning using special techniques
 Creates successive layers until the model is complete
 WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) process
 The primary advantage to additive fabrication - ability to create
almost any shape or geometric feature

5. Selective Laser Sintering Thermoplastics, metals
powders, ceramic powders
Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) Almost any alloy metal
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Thermoplastics, eutectic metals
Stereo lithography (SLA) Photopolymer
Laminated object
manufacturing (LOM)
Paper, foil, plastic film
Electron beam melting (EBM) Titanium alloys
Powder bed and inkjet head 3d
printing
Plaster-based 3D printing (PP)
Plaster, Colored Plaster
Various Technologies

6.  Uses melting or softening material to produce the layers
• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
• Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
 Lay liquid materials that are cured with different technologies
• Stereo Lithography (SLA)
 Thin layers are cut to shape and joined together (i.e. paper, polymer,
metal)
• Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
Methods Used In These
Technologies

7. Criteria For Usage
The main considerations :-
 Speed
 Cost of the printed prototype
 Cost of the 3D Printer
 Choice and Cost of materials used
 Color Capabilities

8. Molten Polymer Deposition
 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) was
developed in the late 1980s and
commercialized in 1990.
 Controlled by a Computer-Aided
Manufacturing (CAM) software package.
 Stepper motors or servo motors are
typically employed to move the extrusion
head.
 The molten polymer used is often
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),
Polycarbonate (PC), Polylactic acid (PLA),
PC/ABS, Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), Ultem
9085 etc.

9. Molten Polymer Deposition
WORKING MECHANISM:
 A plastic filament or metal wire is
unwound from a coil & supplies material
to an extrusion nozzle which can turn
the flow on and off.
 Nozzle is heated to melt the material.
 The model or part is produced by
extruding small beads of thermoplastic
material to form layers as the material
hardens immediately after extrusion
from the nozzle.

12. Photo Polymerization
 Used to produce a solid part from
a liquid in Stereo Lithography
(SLA).
 The Objet PolyJet system uses an
inkjet printer to spray
photopolymer materials in ultra-
thin layers (16 micron) layer by
layer onto a build tray until the
part is completed.

14. Granular Materials Binding
 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), using
metals as well as polymers (i.e. PA,
PA-GF, Rigid GF, PEEK, PS, Alumide,
Carbonmide, elastomers),
 Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS).
 Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is a
similar type of additive
manufacturing technology for metal
parts (i.e. titanium alloys).

15.  Jewellery
 Footwear
 Industrial design
 Architecture Engineering and
Construction (AEC)
 Automotive
 Aerospace
 Dental and Medical Industries
 Education
 Geographic Information Systems
 Civil Engineering
Application
The technology finds use in the fields of :-
and many others

16.  Reconstructing fossils in paleontology
 Replicating ancient and priceless artifacts in archaeology
 Reconstructing bones and body parts in forensic pathology
 To create chemical compounds, including new ones
 Smartphone as 3D scanner using mobile app
Application

17.  Industrial uses Rapid prototyping
 Rapid manufacturing
 Domestic and hobbyist uses
Application
As far as we can imagine and
design

19. Printers for domestic
use
 Airwolf 3D
 Fabbster
 MakerBot Industries Thing-O-Matic
 Ultimaker
 Solidoodle 2
 Shapercube
 Mosaic
 Prusa
 Huxley
 Afinia 3D printers
Rapid development of Open Source 3D printers
These printers include:-

21. Research Prospective
 Space manufacturing
 Architecture
 Online product purchase
3D printing will soon allow digital object storage and
transportation,
as well as personal manufacturing and very high levels of product
customization.

22.  Astronauts will use 3d printing machines that can make any
object that astronauts need – even metal machine parts
 NASA is already testing 'additive manufacturing' machines - 3D
printers that create objects layer by layer - in low-gravity parabolic
flights on Earth
Space Manufacturing

24. Industrial Revolution 2.0
• London Design in the Victoria and Albert Museum
• The installation was called
Industrial Revolution 2.0: How the Material World
will Newly Materialize

25. ADVANTAGES
 Digital object storage
 Digital object delivery
 More local manufacturing
 Reduced Materials wastage
 Increased customization

26. Conclusion
 Three-dimensional printing makes it as cheap to create single items as it
is to produce thousands and thus undermines economies of sale.
 It may have as profound an impact on the world as the coming of the
factory did.
 Nobody could have predicted the impact of the
 Printing Press in 1450
 Steam Engine in 1750
 Transistor in 1950
The technology is coming, and it is likely to disrupt every field it touches.