3D printing has evolved from an early technique developed in 1984 to a process that is transforming manufacturing. It allows for customized production through additive methods that build objects layer by layer rather than traditional subtractive techniques. Emerging applications include food printing, medical implants, wearable devices, and construction materials. While intellectual property and misuse pose challenges, 3D printing may enable open source scientific tools and on-demand manufacturing in space.

1. 3D Printing
From Mass Production to Customized
“on demand” Production
Raphael Moisa, CEO
IBEX Technologies ltd.

2. Printing Process
• Printing is a process for reproducing text and
images, typically with ink on paper using a print
press.
 Dot matrix
 Ink Jet
 Laser

3. • Guttenberg’s printing press.
• Invented in 15th century.
• Used molds made of brass.
First Printing Press

4. First Industrial Revolution
The “first industrial revolution” began in Britain in the
late 18th century, with the mechanisation of the textile
industry.
Source:
http://www.kish.in/the_industrial_revolution

5. Second Industrial Revolution
The “second industrial revolution” came in the early 20th
century, when Henry Ford mastered the moving assembly
line and ushered in the age of mass production.
Source:
http://silodrome.com/ford-model-t-assembly-line

6. Second Industrial Revolution
Henry Ford’s remark on the Model T, 1909
“Any Customer can have a car painted any
colour that he wants so long as it is black”
Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black.
Remark about the Model T in 1909, published in his autobiography My Life and Work (1922) Chapter IV, p. 71;
this has often become presented in paraphrased forms such as: "You can have any colour as long as it's black."

7. Third Industrial Revolution
The “third industrial revolution” is under way and that
consists of manufacturing “going digital.”
Going from Mass Production  Customized Production.

8. Third Industrial Revolution
The “third industrial revolution” is under way and that
consists of manufacturing “going digital.”
Going from Mass Production  Customized Production.

9. Terminology
• Rapid prototyping - is a group of techniques used to quickly
fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using
three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data.
• Additive manufacturing - refers to technologies that create
objects through sequential layering.
• Subtractive processes - removal of material by methods such as
cutting or drilling.

10. • Creates a product by removing sections from a block of material.
• Generates waste through the excess material that is removed.
• Limited design capabilities.
Subtractive vs. Additive

11. A method of Subtractive Manufacturing that removes
sections from a block of material by cutting or drilling
the excess material away.
Computerized Numerical Control
Machining (CNC)

12. • Creates a product through adding materials to the object.
• Adds material layer by layer until printing is finished.
• Allows for complex and intricate designs.
Additive Manufacturing

13. A method of Additive Manufacturing that transforms a 3D
model data to a solid object by adding material layer by
layer process.
What is 3D Printing

14. 3D Printing History
1984 - Charles (Chuck) Hull developed the first 3D printer and
named the technique as Stereo lithography.
By the end of 1980s - other similar technologies such as Fused
Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
were introduced.
1996 - three major new products were introduced by Stratasys,
3D Systems and Z Corporation.
2005 - Z Corp launched first high definition color 3D printer.

16. Different Methods / Technologies
• Stereolithography
• Selective laser sintering (SLS)
• Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
• Laminated object manufacturing

17. An additive manufacturing
process using a vat of liquid
UV-curable
photopolymer ”resin” and a
UV laser to build parts a layer
at a time.
Stereo Lithography

18. SLS - an additive
manufacturing technique
that uses a high power
laser to fuse small
particles of plastic, metal
(direct metal laser
sintering), ceramic or
glass powders into a mass
that has a desired 3-
dimensional shape.
SLS – Selective Laser Sintering

19. FDM – Fused Deposition Modeling

20. Laminated Object Manufacturing
1. Foil supply
2. Heated roller
3. Laser beam
4. Scanning prism
5. Laser unit
6. Layers
7. Moving platform
8. Waste

21. Technique

22. Applications

23. Automotive & Aviation

24. Architecture & Building

25. Electronics
• FDM Print with “Conductive Plastic Filament”
• Consist of graphite
• Print electronic circuit directly
inside the structure
• In future, PCBs (2D circuit)
may replaced by 3D circuit

26. Food Printing

27. Medical Application

28. Wearable / Jewelry

29. Challenges Facing 3D Printing
• Intellectual property rights of the 3D Printer users.
• Nearly anything can be printed by 3D Printers and this is a
troubling prospect if criminals use 3D Printers to create
illegal products.

30. Future
• Intellectual property rights of the 3D Printer users.
• Future applications for 3D printing might include creating open-
source scientific equipment to create open source labs.
• Science-based applications like reconstructing fossils in
paleontology.
• Replicating ancient and priceless artifacts in archaeology.
• Reconstructing bones and body parts in forensic pathology.
• Space exploration - making spare parts on the fly, cheaper and
more efficient space exploration.
•

31. In Conclusion
• 3D printing technology can significantly change and improve the
way we manufacture products and produce goods worldwide.
• If the last industrial revolution brought us mass production and
the advent of economies of scale - the digital 3D printing
revolution could bring mass manufacturing back a full circle - to
an era of mass personalization, and a return to individual
craftsmanship.

32. What about 4D printing ?

33. The Future can not be predicted,
but it can be made !