The document describes a device called the Addiction Avoider that is designed to detect addiction and avoid it using embedded systems. The device works by monitoring brain waves using sensors and controlling them using binaural beats produced through stereo headphones. If high beta waves associated with stress or addiction are detected, the binaural beats will stimulate the brain waves to move to a lower frequency range to reduce stress and addiction.
Iaetsd detection of addiction of an individual andIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes a device to detect addiction and avoid addiction using embedded systems. It works by using EEG sensors to detect high beta brainwaves associated with stress or addiction. If high beta waves are detected, the device produces binaural beats within the alpha or theta range using two oscillators played through headphones. This is intended to entrain the brainwaves to a lower, more relaxed frequency using the brain's natural "frequency following response" to binaural beats, thus helping avoid addiction. The device is intended to be lightweight and portable for personal use in treating psychological addictions.
For intraoperative monitoring, it is most
important to know how the various nuclei of the
ascending auditory pathways are connected and
how these nuclei together with the fiber tracts
that connect them produce electrical activity
when the ear is stimulated with transient sounds.
This document discusses a brainwaves stimulant (BWS) device created by a group of students. It provides details on how the BWS works, the hardware components, and benefits. The BWS uses a mask with LED lights to stimulate brainwaves at different frequencies while the user's eyes are closed. It is meant to help synchronize brain hemispheres and induce relaxation or alertness. The group hopes this medication-free therapy can help address the growing problem of mental illness globally.
This document provides an overview of auditory middle latency response (AMLR) testing, including:
1. A brief history and the development of AMLR from early clinical studies to its current uses for evaluating auditory thresholds and cortical function.
2. Details on stimulus parameters like rate, intensity and transducer type that influence AMLR waveforms.
3. Descriptions of the anatomy and physiology underlying AMLR waves like Na, Pa and Pb, and how various pathologies can affect the waves.
4. Guidelines for acquisition parameters like electrodes, filtering and analysis windows to reliably detect AMLR components.
5. Factors like age, attention, drugs and medical
The nervous system allows animals to respond to stimuli and survive. Simple animals have nerve nets while more complex animals have bundled axons called nerves. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord while the peripheral nervous system connects them via nerves and ganglia. The brainstem controls arousal and sleep. The cerebellum coordinates movement. The diencephalon contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus which regulate homeostasis. The cerebrum is divided into four lobes and has a highly convoluted cortex that allows for specialized functions in different regions.
The document discusses auditory long latency evoked potentials (ALLR), specifically the P1-N1-P2 complex, including the generators and neural sources of the components, factors that affect the recording and morphology of the response such as stimulus characteristics and subject factors like age and maturation, and the clinical utility of ALLR in evaluating hearing function. The P1-N1-P2 complex is generated across multiple auditory areas including primary and secondary auditory cortices and is modulated by both physical stimulus properties and cognitive/attentional factors, while maturation and aging impact the morphology and latency of the response.
The document discusses auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, which is used to evaluate hearing in newborns. ABR testing uses electrodes to measure electrical activity in the brainstem in response to auditory clicks or tones. It is an effective screening tool for detecting hearing loss, with a high sensitivity and specificity. ABR testing can identify abnormalities in the auditory nerve or brainstem that may indicate conditions like acoustic neuromas. It provides objective information about hearing thresholds and neural conduction in the auditory pathway.
Iaetsd detection of addiction of an individual andIaetsd Iaetsd
This document proposes a device to detect addiction and avoid addiction using embedded systems. It works by using EEG sensors to detect high beta brainwaves associated with stress or addiction. If high beta waves are detected, the device produces binaural beats within the alpha or theta range using two oscillators played through headphones. This is intended to entrain the brainwaves to a lower, more relaxed frequency using the brain's natural "frequency following response" to binaural beats, thus helping avoid addiction. The device is intended to be lightweight and portable for personal use in treating psychological addictions.
For intraoperative monitoring, it is most
important to know how the various nuclei of the
ascending auditory pathways are connected and
how these nuclei together with the fiber tracts
that connect them produce electrical activity
when the ear is stimulated with transient sounds.
This document discusses a brainwaves stimulant (BWS) device created by a group of students. It provides details on how the BWS works, the hardware components, and benefits. The BWS uses a mask with LED lights to stimulate brainwaves at different frequencies while the user's eyes are closed. It is meant to help synchronize brain hemispheres and induce relaxation or alertness. The group hopes this medication-free therapy can help address the growing problem of mental illness globally.
This document provides an overview of auditory middle latency response (AMLR) testing, including:
1. A brief history and the development of AMLR from early clinical studies to its current uses for evaluating auditory thresholds and cortical function.
2. Details on stimulus parameters like rate, intensity and transducer type that influence AMLR waveforms.
3. Descriptions of the anatomy and physiology underlying AMLR waves like Na, Pa and Pb, and how various pathologies can affect the waves.
4. Guidelines for acquisition parameters like electrodes, filtering and analysis windows to reliably detect AMLR components.
5. Factors like age, attention, drugs and medical
The nervous system allows animals to respond to stimuli and survive. Simple animals have nerve nets while more complex animals have bundled axons called nerves. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord while the peripheral nervous system connects them via nerves and ganglia. The brainstem controls arousal and sleep. The cerebellum coordinates movement. The diencephalon contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus which regulate homeostasis. The cerebrum is divided into four lobes and has a highly convoluted cortex that allows for specialized functions in different regions.
The document discusses auditory long latency evoked potentials (ALLR), specifically the P1-N1-P2 complex, including the generators and neural sources of the components, factors that affect the recording and morphology of the response such as stimulus characteristics and subject factors like age and maturation, and the clinical utility of ALLR in evaluating hearing function. The P1-N1-P2 complex is generated across multiple auditory areas including primary and secondary auditory cortices and is modulated by both physical stimulus properties and cognitive/attentional factors, while maturation and aging impact the morphology and latency of the response.
The document discusses auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, which is used to evaluate hearing in newborns. ABR testing uses electrodes to measure electrical activity in the brainstem in response to auditory clicks or tones. It is an effective screening tool for detecting hearing loss, with a high sensitivity and specificity. ABR testing can identify abnormalities in the auditory nerve or brainstem that may indicate conditions like acoustic neuromas. It provides objective information about hearing thresholds and neural conduction in the auditory pathway.
This document discusses various parameters for auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, including stimulus type, intensity, and presentation rate. It describes advantages and disadvantages of different transducer types (insert earphones, supra-aural earphones, bone vibrators) and stimulus types (clicks, tone bursts, chirps, speech). Factors that influence ABR waveforms like latency and amplitude are discussed in relation to stimulus intensity, frequency, duration, and envelope. Guidelines are provided for optimal application of different stimulus parameters in clinical ABR testing.
Introduction to Spatial Auditory ProcessingKaushik Patra
This presentation gives introduction to human auditory system and signal processing goes on in brain to deduce spatial information about the sound we hear.
The document describes how sound travels through the ear to be heard, with sound waves entering the outer ear and causing the eardrum and bones of the middle ear to vibrate, which transmits the vibrations to the fluid and hair cells of the inner ear that send signals to the brain. It details the roles of the outer, middle, and inner ear, including how different parts like the pinna, eardrum, bones, and cochlea work together to detect sound and transmit information to the brain. The process is explained as mechanical rather than chemical like other senses.
This document discusses the auditory steady-state response (ASSR), an auditory evoked potential used to estimate hearing thresholds. The ASSR uses modulated tones and statistical analysis to determine thresholds. It can be recorded from sleeping children and those without measurable auditory brainstem responses. While similar to ABRs, ASSRs analyze amplitude and phase in the frequency domain rather than waveform amplitude and latency. ASSRs also use repeated, modulated stimuli rather than clicks or tones. They provide more frequency-specific information and can estimate thresholds in more severe hearing losses than ABRs.
Brainwave entrainment uses audio tones played through headphones to align brainwave frequencies and induce certain mental states, such as relaxation or focus. It works by presenting different tones to each ear, which the brain interprets as binaural beats matching the desired brainwave frequency. Benefits include reduced stress and anxiety, enhanced learning and memory, improved focus and creativity, and facilitating meditation and relaxation.
1. The document discusses various electrophysiological tests including repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNST), visual evoked potentials (VEP), and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER).
2. RNST involves electrically stimulating a motor nerve repeatedly to observe changes in the compound muscle action potential. Abnormal results can indicate disorders of the neuromuscular junction like myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
3. VEP involves recording electrical potentials from the visual cortex in response to visual stimuli. Pattern reversal VEP using checkerboard patterns is commonly used to detect lesions of the visual pathway. P100 latency prolongation is the most reliable indicator of abnormality.
Sound waves are vibrational disturbances that transmit energy through a medium by compressing and rarifying the molecules of that medium. The frequency of a sound wave is measured in Hertz (Hz) and determines its pitch, with human hearing ranging from 20-20,000 Hz. Below 20 Hz are infrasonic sounds like some animal calls, and above 20,000 Hz are ultrasonic sounds like dog whistles. The fundamental frequency is the lowest (or basic) frequency that a sound source can produce.
This document summarizes a study on analyzing EEG signals during meditation using wavelet transforms. It begins by providing background on meditation and EEG signals. It then discusses previous research showing meditation affects physical and mental relaxation. The study aims to analyze changes in EEG signals during meditation using wavelet transforms, as EEG signals are non-stationary and nonlinear. It describes collecting EEG data from subjects during meditation and non-meditation, and using Daubechies wavelets to decompose the signals into frequency bands. The study will calculate statistical parameters of the frequency bands to analyze differences in EEG signals during meditation versus non-meditation states.
The document discusses local anesthesia, including definitions, classifications, mechanisms of action, and pharmacology. It defines local anesthesia as a transient reversible loss of sensation caused by depression of nerve endings or inhibition of nerve conduction. It classifies local anesthetics into esters, amides, quinolines, and combinations. The mechanisms of action include non-specific membrane expansion and specific receptor binding. Key aspects of the pharmacology discussed are kinetics of onset and duration, the effects of pH on drug form, and factors influencing induction time.
The document discusses intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) using electromyography (EMG) to detect nerve root injuries during lumbosacral spine surgery. There is a 10% risk of new postoperative neurologic deficits from nerve root injuries during such surgeries. EMG monitoring of specific muscles innervated by lumbosacral nerve roots allows detection of acute nerve root irritation through visualizing abnormal motor unit potentials, alerting surgeons to prevent further injury. Technical considerations include using intramuscular EMG needles in at-risk muscles and direct nerve root stimulation to elicit compound muscle action potentials for assessing nerve function. Prolonged, high frequency motor unit potentials called neurotonic discharges
The document describes an Addiction Avoider device that uses binaural beats to help prevent addiction. It uses EEG sensors to detect brainwaves which are amplified and sent to a microcontroller. Two oscillators then generate tones that are slightly different frequencies and sent to either side of a headphone to create binaural beats. This aims to alter brainwave patterns associated with addiction and could help treat various types of addiction or reduce stress and tension. The portable, lightweight device has potential applications in communication for deaf individuals and provides a cheap, safe way to help address addiction issues.
Sound is produced by vibrations and travels as waves through a medium. Sound waves can reflect, diffract, and interfere with each other. The speed of sound depends on factors like temperature, density, and elasticity of the medium. Loudness decreases with distance from the source and is measured in decibels. Pitch is determined by frequency, and the Doppler effect changes perceived pitch for moving sources. Hearing works through the outer, middle, and inner ear, and hearing loss can be addressed using hearing aids that amplify sound. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound for applications like medical imaging and echolocation.
This document summarizes local anesthetics, including their mechanisms of action, types, uses, and side effects. It discusses how local anesthetics reversibly block sodium channels to cause temporary loss of sensation. The two main types are amides and esters, with amides being more potent and longer-lasting. Common local anesthetics and their properties are outlined. The document also reviews techniques for local anesthesia including infiltration, nerve blocks, epidurals, and Bier's block. Potential complications and contraindications are mentioned.
This document provides an overview of biophysics related to sensory receptors, hearing, and the vestibular system. It discusses the general properties of sensory perception and categorization of receptors. It then focuses on the biophysical functions of the ear and vestibular system, including the mechanisms of sound perception, transmission through the ear, and electric phenomena involved in hearing. The vestibular system and its role in balance and motion detection is also summarized.
The blink reflex is a disynaptic or multisynaptic reflex that involves the trigeminal and facial nerves. It has two responses - an early ipsilateral R1 response and a late bilateral R2 response. The blink reflex test stimulates the supraorbital nerve branch to evaluate conduction along the trigeminal and facial nerve pathways. Abnormalities in the R1 and R2 responses can localize lesions in different parts of the brainstem or peripheral nerves. The test involves recording electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle in response to supraorbital nerve stimulation.
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium ion channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the propagation of action potentials and interrupting pain signals. The first local anesthetic was cocaine, discovered in the 1860s. Local anesthetics are classified as esters like cocaine or amides like lidocaine. They take effect by binding to intracellular sodium channels and slowing nerve conduction. The potency of local anesthetics depends on factors like pH, lipophilicity, and protein binding. Different types of nerve fibers vary in their susceptibility to local anesthetic blockade, with small fibers being more easily blocked. Systemic toxicity from overdose can cause central nervous system or cardiovascular effects. Common techniques for local anesthesia include infiltration, topical blocks, nerve blocks, and
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium ion channels, preventing nerve impulse propagation. Early agents included cocaine, while modern ones like lidocaine are further classified as esters or amides. Administration can be via local infiltration, nerve block, or regional techniques like epidural or spinal anesthesia. Toxicities include allergic reactions and central nervous system or cardiovascular issues if too much is absorbed systemically. Proper dosage and addition of vasoconstrictors can maximize efficacy and safety.
1. The document discusses a proposed device called the "Addiction Avoider" that uses binaural beats to control brain waves and eliminate addiction.
2. Binaural beats are produced by playing two different frequencies to each ear using a stereo headphone, with the difference between the frequencies stimulating the brain.
3. The Addiction Avoider device would monitor brain waves and generate binaural beats when waves go below normal levels to bring them back to normal, thus eliminating addiction.
This document discusses brainwaves (EEG), which are fluctuations in electrical potential produced by neurons firing in the brain. It describes how brainwaves can be measured via EEG and outlines the main brainwave frequencies (alpha, beta, theta, delta), their associated mental states, and significance. Stimulating different brainwave frequencies through techniques like neurofeedback and brainwave entrainment can help induce specific mental states and potentially treat disorders.
Digital drugs that claim to induce psychoactive effects through binaural beats have been marketed online. However, there is no clear evidence that binaural beats can cause addiction. While some studies show binaural beats may impact brain waves and mental states, the research is limited and not well-controlled. Additionally, there are no documented cases of addiction or clear withdrawal symptoms. More research is needed to fully understand the effects and potential risks of digital drugs and binaural beats before determining if addiction is possible.
The document discusses the brain and brain waves. It describes how the brain communicates electrochemically through electrical impulses produced by the movement of neurotransmitters between neurons. These electrical impulses produce brain waves that can be measured by EEG. There are different types of brain waves (delta, theta, alpha, beta) associated with different mental states. Brainwave entrainment uses stimuli like binaural beats or isochronic tones to consciously alter brain wave patterns and access different states of mind.
This document discusses various parameters for auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, including stimulus type, intensity, and presentation rate. It describes advantages and disadvantages of different transducer types (insert earphones, supra-aural earphones, bone vibrators) and stimulus types (clicks, tone bursts, chirps, speech). Factors that influence ABR waveforms like latency and amplitude are discussed in relation to stimulus intensity, frequency, duration, and envelope. Guidelines are provided for optimal application of different stimulus parameters in clinical ABR testing.
Introduction to Spatial Auditory ProcessingKaushik Patra
This presentation gives introduction to human auditory system and signal processing goes on in brain to deduce spatial information about the sound we hear.
The document describes how sound travels through the ear to be heard, with sound waves entering the outer ear and causing the eardrum and bones of the middle ear to vibrate, which transmits the vibrations to the fluid and hair cells of the inner ear that send signals to the brain. It details the roles of the outer, middle, and inner ear, including how different parts like the pinna, eardrum, bones, and cochlea work together to detect sound and transmit information to the brain. The process is explained as mechanical rather than chemical like other senses.
This document discusses the auditory steady-state response (ASSR), an auditory evoked potential used to estimate hearing thresholds. The ASSR uses modulated tones and statistical analysis to determine thresholds. It can be recorded from sleeping children and those without measurable auditory brainstem responses. While similar to ABRs, ASSRs analyze amplitude and phase in the frequency domain rather than waveform amplitude and latency. ASSRs also use repeated, modulated stimuli rather than clicks or tones. They provide more frequency-specific information and can estimate thresholds in more severe hearing losses than ABRs.
Brainwave entrainment uses audio tones played through headphones to align brainwave frequencies and induce certain mental states, such as relaxation or focus. It works by presenting different tones to each ear, which the brain interprets as binaural beats matching the desired brainwave frequency. Benefits include reduced stress and anxiety, enhanced learning and memory, improved focus and creativity, and facilitating meditation and relaxation.
1. The document discusses various electrophysiological tests including repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNST), visual evoked potentials (VEP), and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER).
2. RNST involves electrically stimulating a motor nerve repeatedly to observe changes in the compound muscle action potential. Abnormal results can indicate disorders of the neuromuscular junction like myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
3. VEP involves recording electrical potentials from the visual cortex in response to visual stimuli. Pattern reversal VEP using checkerboard patterns is commonly used to detect lesions of the visual pathway. P100 latency prolongation is the most reliable indicator of abnormality.
Sound waves are vibrational disturbances that transmit energy through a medium by compressing and rarifying the molecules of that medium. The frequency of a sound wave is measured in Hertz (Hz) and determines its pitch, with human hearing ranging from 20-20,000 Hz. Below 20 Hz are infrasonic sounds like some animal calls, and above 20,000 Hz are ultrasonic sounds like dog whistles. The fundamental frequency is the lowest (or basic) frequency that a sound source can produce.
This document summarizes a study on analyzing EEG signals during meditation using wavelet transforms. It begins by providing background on meditation and EEG signals. It then discusses previous research showing meditation affects physical and mental relaxation. The study aims to analyze changes in EEG signals during meditation using wavelet transforms, as EEG signals are non-stationary and nonlinear. It describes collecting EEG data from subjects during meditation and non-meditation, and using Daubechies wavelets to decompose the signals into frequency bands. The study will calculate statistical parameters of the frequency bands to analyze differences in EEG signals during meditation versus non-meditation states.
The document discusses local anesthesia, including definitions, classifications, mechanisms of action, and pharmacology. It defines local anesthesia as a transient reversible loss of sensation caused by depression of nerve endings or inhibition of nerve conduction. It classifies local anesthetics into esters, amides, quinolines, and combinations. The mechanisms of action include non-specific membrane expansion and specific receptor binding. Key aspects of the pharmacology discussed are kinetics of onset and duration, the effects of pH on drug form, and factors influencing induction time.
The document discusses intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) using electromyography (EMG) to detect nerve root injuries during lumbosacral spine surgery. There is a 10% risk of new postoperative neurologic deficits from nerve root injuries during such surgeries. EMG monitoring of specific muscles innervated by lumbosacral nerve roots allows detection of acute nerve root irritation through visualizing abnormal motor unit potentials, alerting surgeons to prevent further injury. Technical considerations include using intramuscular EMG needles in at-risk muscles and direct nerve root stimulation to elicit compound muscle action potentials for assessing nerve function. Prolonged, high frequency motor unit potentials called neurotonic discharges
The document describes an Addiction Avoider device that uses binaural beats to help prevent addiction. It uses EEG sensors to detect brainwaves which are amplified and sent to a microcontroller. Two oscillators then generate tones that are slightly different frequencies and sent to either side of a headphone to create binaural beats. This aims to alter brainwave patterns associated with addiction and could help treat various types of addiction or reduce stress and tension. The portable, lightweight device has potential applications in communication for deaf individuals and provides a cheap, safe way to help address addiction issues.
Sound is produced by vibrations and travels as waves through a medium. Sound waves can reflect, diffract, and interfere with each other. The speed of sound depends on factors like temperature, density, and elasticity of the medium. Loudness decreases with distance from the source and is measured in decibels. Pitch is determined by frequency, and the Doppler effect changes perceived pitch for moving sources. Hearing works through the outer, middle, and inner ear, and hearing loss can be addressed using hearing aids that amplify sound. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound for applications like medical imaging and echolocation.
This document summarizes local anesthetics, including their mechanisms of action, types, uses, and side effects. It discusses how local anesthetics reversibly block sodium channels to cause temporary loss of sensation. The two main types are amides and esters, with amides being more potent and longer-lasting. Common local anesthetics and their properties are outlined. The document also reviews techniques for local anesthesia including infiltration, nerve blocks, epidurals, and Bier's block. Potential complications and contraindications are mentioned.
This document provides an overview of biophysics related to sensory receptors, hearing, and the vestibular system. It discusses the general properties of sensory perception and categorization of receptors. It then focuses on the biophysical functions of the ear and vestibular system, including the mechanisms of sound perception, transmission through the ear, and electric phenomena involved in hearing. The vestibular system and its role in balance and motion detection is also summarized.
The blink reflex is a disynaptic or multisynaptic reflex that involves the trigeminal and facial nerves. It has two responses - an early ipsilateral R1 response and a late bilateral R2 response. The blink reflex test stimulates the supraorbital nerve branch to evaluate conduction along the trigeminal and facial nerve pathways. Abnormalities in the R1 and R2 responses can localize lesions in different parts of the brainstem or peripheral nerves. The test involves recording electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle in response to supraorbital nerve stimulation.
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium ion channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the propagation of action potentials and interrupting pain signals. The first local anesthetic was cocaine, discovered in the 1860s. Local anesthetics are classified as esters like cocaine or amides like lidocaine. They take effect by binding to intracellular sodium channels and slowing nerve conduction. The potency of local anesthetics depends on factors like pH, lipophilicity, and protein binding. Different types of nerve fibers vary in their susceptibility to local anesthetic blockade, with small fibers being more easily blocked. Systemic toxicity from overdose can cause central nervous system or cardiovascular effects. Common techniques for local anesthesia include infiltration, topical blocks, nerve blocks, and
Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium ion channels, preventing nerve impulse propagation. Early agents included cocaine, while modern ones like lidocaine are further classified as esters or amides. Administration can be via local infiltration, nerve block, or regional techniques like epidural or spinal anesthesia. Toxicities include allergic reactions and central nervous system or cardiovascular issues if too much is absorbed systemically. Proper dosage and addition of vasoconstrictors can maximize efficacy and safety.
1. The document discusses a proposed device called the "Addiction Avoider" that uses binaural beats to control brain waves and eliminate addiction.
2. Binaural beats are produced by playing two different frequencies to each ear using a stereo headphone, with the difference between the frequencies stimulating the brain.
3. The Addiction Avoider device would monitor brain waves and generate binaural beats when waves go below normal levels to bring them back to normal, thus eliminating addiction.
This document discusses brainwaves (EEG), which are fluctuations in electrical potential produced by neurons firing in the brain. It describes how brainwaves can be measured via EEG and outlines the main brainwave frequencies (alpha, beta, theta, delta), their associated mental states, and significance. Stimulating different brainwave frequencies through techniques like neurofeedback and brainwave entrainment can help induce specific mental states and potentially treat disorders.
Digital drugs that claim to induce psychoactive effects through binaural beats have been marketed online. However, there is no clear evidence that binaural beats can cause addiction. While some studies show binaural beats may impact brain waves and mental states, the research is limited and not well-controlled. Additionally, there are no documented cases of addiction or clear withdrawal symptoms. More research is needed to fully understand the effects and potential risks of digital drugs and binaural beats before determining if addiction is possible.
The document discusses the brain and brain waves. It describes how the brain communicates electrochemically through electrical impulses produced by the movement of neurotransmitters between neurons. These electrical impulses produce brain waves that can be measured by EEG. There are different types of brain waves (delta, theta, alpha, beta) associated with different mental states. Brainwave entrainment uses stimuli like binaural beats or isochronic tones to consciously alter brain wave patterns and access different states of mind.
This document discusses brainwaves (EEG), which are fluctuations in electric potential recorded from the brain. It defines different types of brainwaves (alpha, beta, theta, delta) and the mental states associated with each. The document also discusses how brainwaves can be stimulated using light and sound via a process called brainwave entrainment. Entrainment uses rhythmic stimuli to synchronize brainwaves and access different mental states. Measuring brainwaves can provide insights into a person's mental state and has applications in research, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders.
- A cochlear loss typically results in acoustic reflexes present at normal hearing levels (below 100 dB HL), but at reduced sensation levels (less than 65 dB above the hearing threshold). Significant reflex decay is not expected.
- A conductive loss usually results in absent ipsilateral acoustic reflexes in the ear with the loss. A contralateral reflex may be present if the loss is unilateral and not severe. Any reflex found would be at a normal sensation level but a higher hearing level due to the elevated threshold.
- A retrocochlear loss may result in absent reflexes or ones present at elevated hearing and sensation levels. Early on a reflex may be present but reflex decay would be found.
1) Auditory Brain Stem Response (ABR) testing is used to assess the integrity of the auditory system from the eighth nerve through the brain stem.
2) ABR represents the synchronous neural activity in the auditory pathway from the first through sixth order neurons in response to click stimuli.
3) Several factors can affect ABR results including age, gender, temperature, medications, attention, hearing loss type and degree, stimulus variables like rate and intensity, and recording parameters.
How to Improve Hearing Loss Problem Right Now - Better Hearing Centers ankit kumar
As many as 10% of our Kentucky population suffers from hardness or hearing loss. A large part of this can be helped with hearing aids, provided that these problems quickly come to light and can be diagnosed. Unfortunately, this is not always the case in practice: the majority of these ten percent (up to 75%) do not test their hearing. The result is not only that the hardness or hearing loss continues to worsen, but also that the quality of life of that group is drastically reduced.
The document discusses the neurological and psychological perceptions of sound. It explains that sounds can cause physiological responses and affect brain waves. It describes research showing that filtering and gating sounds through specialized processing can improve auditory functioning and skills by exercising the muscles of the inner ear. The concepts of resonance, entrainment, and sonic neurotechnologies are also introduced for intentionally applying sounds to bring about changes in the mind and body.
1. Hearing occurs in the brain, not the ears, which simply encode sound signals.
2. Hearing instruments change the sound, not a person's hearing ability. They allow more efficient use of residual hearing.
3. Communicative efficiency is a critical survival skill in the modern world. Hearing loss can lead to withdrawal from communication.
This document discusses various issues that may arise with cochlear implants and potential ways to address patient complaints through programming adjustments. It outlines common complaints such as sound quality issues, discomfort, loudness problems, and facial nerve stimulation. For each complaint, it lists potential programming parameters that could be modified, such as stimulus levels, filter settings, electrode configurations, and coding strategies. It emphasizes considering an acclimatization period and reassessing programming over time before making changes. It also discusses soft failures where performance declines despite normal integrity testing.
This article is a review of neurofeedback techniques in the broad context of various clinical implications. Authors presented the neurophysiological background of these developing methods in relation to the state-of-the-art techniques. The broad range of methods of neurofeedback were reviewed, comprising the transfer of information, automation, brain-computer interface, multichannel Z-Score neurofeedback and slow cortical potentials. Neurofeedback may be an effective tool for self-regulation, useful for achieving better selfknowledge and enhanced cognitive skills. A tailored, dedicated program, based on quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) assessment and/or Z-Score should be implemented for a given patient in order to gain trust and fulfill the compliance. The proven clinical benefits of multi-channel neurofeedback, targeting regulation of particular brain regions, or inducing specific neural patterns, may be an alternative method for treating diseases in a non-invasive, introspective way. Effective modulation of the physiological functions which may affect various neural mechanisms of cognition and behavior seems to be the future perspective of neurofeedback
Understand brain waves and master you lifeAbdelaziz52
With Mental Waves, find your personal access to well-being! Did you know that sounds, vibrations and music take us on deep journeys of infinite therapeutic and spiritual possibilities?
Our new tools based on neuroscience and the powers of sound make it easy for everyone to achieve tranquility, healing and awakening
This document provides an overview of acoustics and basic audiometry concepts. It defines key terms like frequency, intensity, pitch and loudness. It explains that frequency is a physical property of sound measured in Hertz, while pitch is the human perception of how high or low a sound is. Intensity is the physical measurement of sound pressure in decibels, while loudness is the human perception of sound intensity. The document also reviews concepts like pure tones, complex sounds, fundamental frequency, harmonics, and resonant frequency. It describes how to perform a basic audiologic assessment, including taking a case history, performing puretone audiometry to test air and bone conduction thresholds, and assessing speech recognition.
This document discusses different types of neural oscillations observed in the brain, including alpha waves, delta waves, theta rhythm, mu waves, beta waves, and gamma waves. It provides details on the frequency ranges and functions of each type of wave. For example, it states that alpha waves originate from the occipital lobe during relaxation with closed eyes, delta waves are associated with deep sleep, and gamma waves may be implicated in creating unified conscious perception. The document also discusses how neural oscillations are involved in cognitive functions and can be used to transmit information across brain regions in a radio-like fashion on different frequencies.
This document discusses EEG, ERPs, and their relation to single neuronal activity. It makes two key points:
1. EEG and ERP recordings are determined by electrode tip diameter and biological amplifier filter settings. Smaller tips can record action potentials from single neurons, while larger tips record summed activity from many neurons as EEG and ERPs.
2. There was doubt that EEG and ERPs represented neural activity until the 1960s. The development of the Computer of Average Transients (CAT) allowed averaging of ERPs across trials, revealing they are time-locked to stimuli. Fox used the CAT to record from neurons and EEG simultaneously, providing evidence that ERP components correspond to patterns of neuronal firing
This document discusses tinnitus and hyperacusis. It defines tinnitus as any perceived sound that does not come from an external source. The most common causes are hearing loss and changes in the auditory system. Treatments include counseling, sound therapy like masking, and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy. Hyperacusis causes sounds to seem too loud and is often comorbid with tinnitus. Precautions must be taken when fitting hearing aids for patients with hyperacusis. Referral to an ENT is recommended if tinnitus or hyperacusis seems worse than the measured hearing loss.
The document provides definitions and explanations of various web technologies and protocols including:
- Internet, World Wide Web, URLs, TCP/IP, HTTP, IP addresses, packets, and HTTP methods which define how information is transmitted over the internet and web.
- Additional protocols covered are SSL, HTTPS, HTML, and cookies which establish secure connections and handle user sessions and data transmission.
This document describes an automatic aqua security system using GSM technology to monitor parameters important for prawn farming. The system monitors salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature levels using various sensors to provide technical support to aqua farmers and help ensure prawn survival. It discusses each sensor type and the optimal ranges for each parameter.
Transparent electronics is an emerging technology that uses wide band-gap semiconductors to create invisible circuits. It allows for transparent displays, solar panels, and wearable devices. Transparent electronics replaces silicon with transparent networks and components made from materials like zinc oxide and indium oxide. Applications include anti-static coatings, UV detectors, LCD panels, and transparent sensors and cameras for security. Researchers are working to improve conductivity in p-type materials and have created prototypes like a transparent RAM, mobile phone displays, and smart windows.
The document introduces Gi-Fi (Gigabit Fidelity) technology, which utilizes a single-chip integrated transceiver operating at 60GHz to allow for wireless transfer of audio and video data at speeds up to 5 gigabits per second over short ranges. This new technology aims to address limitations of existing wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi by providing faster speeds, lower power consumption, and short-range connectivity at a lower cost. The document discusses the development, working principles, advantages, and potential applications of Gi-Fi technology.
This document summarizes a presentation on 5G mobile technology given by two students. It includes an abstract, introduction, sections on 2G-5G networks and 5G network architecture. The key points are:
- 5G will allow unprecedented call volume and data transmission speeds over VOIP-enabled devices.
- 5G network architecture uses a "Nano core" concept with flat IP, nanotechnology, cloud computing and all IP platforms to allow different radio access networks to upgrade to a single core network in a flexible way.
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This document outlines the key changes to the curriculum for diploma courses in Andhra Pradesh starting in 2016. Some of the main changes include:
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More emphasis is now placed on practical skills and labs over theoretical content to better prepare students for industry needs
Communications satellites play a major role in telephone transmission,television and radio program distribution,computer communications,maritime navigation and military command and control.
Satellite communications combines such diverse topics as Radio wave propagation ,antennas, orbital mechanics , modulation , detection , coding and radio electronics.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
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The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
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sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
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algorithm.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
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Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
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- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
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- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
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- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
4. Mosca vol I -Fisica-Tipler-5ta-Edicion-Vol-1.pdf
Addiction avoider
1. ADDICTION AVOIDER
DETECTION OF ADDICTION ON AN INDIVIDUAL AND AVOIDING
ADDICTION USING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
J.YABESH & L.R.ELANGO, III YEAR
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
E-mail: issacyabesh@gmail.com
elangovec@gmail.com
VELAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ABSTRACT:
About half the people around
the world are addicted to one or more
addictive substances. Addiction is one
of the chronic disorders that are
characterized by the repeated use of
substances or behaviors despite clear
evidence of morbidity secondary to
such use. It is a combination of genetic,
biological/pharmacological and social
factors. Example: Overeating, Having
sex, Gambling, Alcohol drinking,
Taking Narcotic Drugs and Certain
Mannerisms. In this paper we are
going to see about a design of device
that can entirely avoid addiction. The
device Addiction Avoider is based upon
the principle of controlling “Brain
waves”.
INTRODUCTION:
Before going on to details we are
supposed to know the basic terms that
This paper is based upon. These are the
terms ‘The Brain’, ‘Brainwaves’ and
‘Addiction’.
1) The Brain:
It is well known that brain is an
electrochemical organ. The Brainwaves
are produced by the temporal lobe of the
brain. It processes auditor information
from the ears and relates it to Wernicke's
Area of the parietal lobe and the motor
cortex of the frontal lobe. The amygdala
is located within the temporal lobe and
controls social and sexual behavior and
other emotions. The limbic system is
important in emotional behavior and
controlling movements.
Researchers have
speculated that a fully functional brain
can generate as much as 10 watts of
electrical power. Even though this
electrical power is very limited, it does
occur in a very specific ways that are
characteristic of the human brain.
1) Brainwaves:
Electrical activity emanating
from the brain is displayed in the form of
brainwaves. There are four categories of
these brainwaves, ranging from most
2. activity to least activity. These are delta
waves, theta waves, alpha waves and
beta waves. Delta waves are waves with
high amplitude. It has a frequency of 0.5
– 4 Hertz. They never go down to zero
because that would mean that you were
brain dead. But, deep dreamless sleep
would take you down to the lowest
frequency. Typically, 2 to 3 Hertz.
Theta waves are waves with amplitude
lesser than that of delta waves and have
a greater frequency of 5 – 8 Hertz. A
person who has taken time off from a
task and begins to daydream is often in a
theta brainwave state. Alpha waves are
waves with amplitude lesser than that of
theta waves and have a greater frequency
of 9-14 Hertz. A person who takes time
out to reflect or meditate is usually in a
alpha state. Beta waves are the waves
that have the lowest amplitude and have
the highest frequency of 15 – 40 Hertz.
These waves are again classified into
low beta waves and high beta waves
according to their range of frequencies.
The low beta waves have a frequency of
15 – 32 Hertz. A person making an
active conversation would be in the low
beta state. The high beta waves have a
frequency of 33 – 40 Hertz. A person in
a stress, pain or addiction would be in
the high beta state.
S.No. Brainwaves
Frequency range
(Hertz)
1) Delta 0.5 - 4
2) Theta 5 - 8
3) Alpha 9 – 14
4) Low Beta 15 – 32
5) High Beta 32 - 40
Low beta wave and High beta Wave
3) Addiction:
There are two types of
addiction: Physical dependency and
Psychological dependency.
a) Physical dependency :
Physical dependence on a
substance is defined by appearance of
characteristic withdrawal symptoms
when the drug is suddenly discontinued.
Some drugs such as cortisone, beta
blockers etc are better known as
‘Antidepressants’ rather than addictive
substances. Some drugs induce physical
dependence or physiological tolerance -
but not addiction - for example many
laxatives, which are not psychoactive;
nasal decongestants, which can cause
rebound congestion if used for more than
a few days in a row; and some
antidepressants, most notably Effexor,
Paxil and Zoloft, as they have quite short
half-lives, so stopping them abruptly
causes a more rapid change in the
neurotransmitter balance in the brain
3. than many other antidepressants. Many
non-addictive prescription drugs should
not be suddenly stopped, so a doctor
should be consulted before abruptly
discontinuing them.
b) Psychological dependency:
Psychological addictions
are a dependency of the mind, and lead
to psychological withdrawal symptoms.
Addictions can theoretically form for
any rewarding behavior, or as a habitual
means to avoid undesired activity, but
typically they only do so to a clinical
level in individuals who have emotional,
social, or psychological dysfunctions,
taking the place of normal positive
stimuli not otherwise attained.
Psychological addiction, as opposed to
physiological addiction, is a person's
need to use a drug or engage in a
behavior despite the harm caused out of
desire for the effects it produces, rather
than to relieve withdrawal symptoms. As
the drug is indulged, it becomes
associated with the release of pleasure-
inducing endorphins, and a cycle is
started that is similar to physiological
addiction. This cycle is often very
difficult to break.
We are going to solely consider
the psychological addictions in
designing the addiction avoider device.
THE ADDICTION AVOIDER:
PRINCIPLE:
The principle behind this device
is ‘Binaural Beats’. Binaural beats or
binaural tones are auditory processing
artifacts, which are apparent sounds, the
perception of which arises in the brain
independent of physical stimuli. The
brain produces a similar phenomenon
internally, resulting in low-frequency
pulsations in the loudness of a perceived
sound when two tones at slightly
different frequencies are presented
separately, one to each of a subject's
ears, using stereo headphones. A beating
tone will be perceived, as if the two
tones mixed naturally, out of the brain.
The frequency of the tones must be
below about 1,000 to 1,500 hertz. The
difference between the two frequencies
must be small (below about 30 Hz) for
the effect to occur; otherwise the two
tones will be distinguishable and no beat
will be perceived.
Binaural beats can influence
functions of the brain besides those
related to hearing. This phenomenon is
called frequency following response.
The concept is that if one receives a
stimulus with a frequency in the range
of brain waves, the predominant brain
wave frequency is said to be likely to
move towards the frequency of the
stimulus (a process called
entrainment). Directly using an
infrasonic auditory stimulus is
impossible, since the ears cannot hear
sounds low enough to be useful for brain
stimulation. Human hearing is limited to
the range of frequencies from 20 Hz to
20,000 Hz, while the frequencies of
human brain waves are below about 40
Hz. To account for this, binaural beat
frequencies must be used.
According to this view, when the
perceived beat frequency corresponds to
the delta, theta, alpha or beta range of
brainwave frequencies, the brainwaves
entrain to or move towards the beat
frequency. For example, if a 315 Hz sine
wave is played into the right ear and a
325 Hz one into the left ear, the brain is
supposed to be entrained towards the
beat frequency (10 Hz, in the alpha
range). Since alpha range is usually
associated with relaxation, this is
supposed to have a relaxing effect. Some
4. people find pure sine waves unpleasant,
so a pink noise or another background
(e.g. natural sounds such as river noises)
can also be mixed with them.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
EXPLANATION OF WORKING:
The block diagram consists of
the following parts whose operation is as
below:
1) SENSORS:
These sensors consist of a 0.7
inch diameter hard plastic outer disc
housing with a pre-jelled Silver chloride
snap style post pellet insert. These
sensors do not contain any latex and
don’t need any conductive gel.
The sensor sends the analog brainwave
signal into the 8515 microcontroller.
2) AMPLIFIERS:
Basically the amplitude of analog
brainwaves is in terms of 10 – 15 micro
volts. But the Atmel 8515
microcontroller has an operating voltage
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
Amplifier 1
Amplifier 2
Atmel
8515
µC
Head Band
Oscillator 1
(1000 Hz)
Filter 1
Oscillator 2
(1010 Hz)
Filter 2
Right Side
Stereo
Phone
Left Side
Stereo
Phone
5. of about 2.7V – 6.0V. So we are using
amplifiers.
Gain (A) = (-R2/R1)
Where, negative sign represents change
in phase by 90◦
It is designed in such a way that
it amplifies 15 micro volts to about
3.5V. Here we are using basic cascaded
inverting amplifier using operational
amplifier with a gain of about 2, 00,000,
embedded in a small Printed Circuit
Board (PCB).
Here we are using four inverting
amplifier cascaded with each other. So
let the gain of each inverting amplifier
from left to right be A1, A2, A3 and A4.
And let Vi and Vo be the input and
output voltages of the amplifier.
Now,
A1 = (-R2/R1)
= (-2/1)
= -2
A2 = (-R4/R3)
= (-10/1)
= -10
A3 = (-R6/R5)
= (-100/1)
= -100
A4 = (-R8/R7)
= (-100/1)
= -100
Now Total Gain of the amplifier (A),
A = A1 * A2 * A3 * A4
A = (-2)*(-10)*(-100)*(-100)
A = 2, 00, 000
Therefore,
Vo = Vi * A V
= 15 * 10-6
* 2, 00, 000 V
= 3 V
Here we have amplified an 15uV signal
to an 3 V signal so that the signal is in
the operational range of the
microcontroller. There are four negative
signs in the gain equation which add up
to give 360◦
phase shift.
3) MICROCONTROLLER:
The Atmel 8515 microcontroller
is a 40 pin, 4 MHz 8bit microcontroller
and has 8K FLASH, 512 EEPROM, 512
SRAM. The AT90S8515 is a low-power
CMOS 8-bit microcontroller. It has an
internal analog to digital converter
(ADC) and internal battery.
The signal that is sent by the
sensors is converted from analog to
digital signal. The microcontroller has a
pre-defined program, which analyses the
digital signal and compares it with the
digital signal equivalent of the analog
signal having the frequency range of 32
– 40 Hz which is already stored in the
memory of the microcontroller. If on
comparison the analyses on two signals
are nearly same then the microcontroller
acknowledges and triggers the oscillator
1 and oscillator 2.
4) OSCILLATORS:
The oscillator is basically a Wein
bridge audio oscillator. The oscillator is
designed in such a way that it produces a
particular audio wave below 1500 Hz.
The oscillator will be designed such that
it has 10 – 13 Hz difference in frequency
with oscillator 1. This difference in
6. frequency creates Binaural Beats. Thus
if the brain of an individual produces 32
– 40 Hz (High Beta waves) i.e. if he/she
is in stress or addicted to some
substance, the binaural beats having a
frequency of about 10-13 Hz creates a
stimulus making the brain to move
towards the stimulated frequency.
5) STEREO HEADPHONE:
This is done by sending audio
waves from one oscillator to one of the
two sides of the headphone and another
oscillator to another side of the
headphone.
CONCLUSION:
Addiction Avoider is the safest
and simplest device to use in prevention
of Addiction. It is used for any type of
addiction like addiction caused by taking
narcotic drugs or alcohol and simple
addictions like overeating, sexual
intercourse and mannerisms.
FUTURE PROSPECTS:
Addiction avoider can be used to
cure stress or tension on any individual.
The concept of binaural waves can be
further researched and used to find a
device for communication with deaf and
dumb individuals. It can be further used
to study the resonance of brain during
brain diseases.
MERITS:
1) The headband used is made of
rubber is easy to use.
2) The whole device is light weight
and can be carried anywhere we
want.
3) The whole device including
sensors microcontroller and
headphone is cheap and costs
only about Rs.1000 – 3000.
REFERENCES:
[1] ‘Detection of seizures in
epileptic and non-epileptic patients
using GPS and Embedded Systems’
by Abhiram Chakraborty – Ukranian
Journal of Telemedicine and medical
Telematics (TOM 3 No.2 Pg 211)
[2] www.bio-medical.com
[3] www.ercim.org/publication/
Ercim_News/enw51/bielikova.html
[4] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Binaural
beats
[5] www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
ency/article/003931.htm
[6]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction
[7]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Addi
ction
[8] www.angelfire.com/empire/
serpentis666/Brainwaves.html
[9] www.trdrp.org/research/
PageGrant.asp? grant_id=383
7. frequency creates Binaural Beats. Thus
if the brain of an individual produces 32
– 40 Hz (High Beta waves) i.e. if he/she
is in stress or addicted to some
substance, the binaural beats having a
frequency of about 10-13 Hz creates a
stimulus making the brain to move
towards the stimulated frequency.
5) STEREO HEADPHONE:
This is done by sending audio
waves from one oscillator to one of the
two sides of the headphone and another
oscillator to another side of the
headphone.
CONCLUSION:
Addiction Avoider is the safest
and simplest device to use in prevention
of Addiction. It is used for any type of
addiction like addiction caused by taking
narcotic drugs or alcohol and simple
addictions like overeating, sexual
intercourse and mannerisms.
FUTURE PROSPECTS:
Addiction avoider can be used to
cure stress or tension on any individual.
The concept of binaural waves can be
further researched and used to find a
device for communication with deaf and
dumb individuals. It can be further used
to study the resonance of brain during
brain diseases.
MERITS:
1) The headband used is made of
rubber is easy to use.
2) The whole device is light weight
and can be carried anywhere we
want.
3) The whole device including
sensors microcontroller and
headphone is cheap and costs
only about Rs.1000 – 3000.
REFERENCES:
[1] ‘Detection of seizures in
epileptic and non-epileptic patients
using GPS and Embedded Systems’
by Abhiram Chakraborty – Ukranian
Journal of Telemedicine and medical
Telematics (TOM 3 No.2 Pg 211)
[2] www.bio-medical.com
[3] www.ercim.org/publication/
Ercim_News/enw51/bielikova.html
[4] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Binaural
beats
[5] www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
ency/article/003931.htm
[6]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction
[7]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Addi
ction
[8] www.angelfire.com/empire/
serpentis666/Brainwaves.html
[9] www.trdrp.org/research/
PageGrant.asp? grant_id=383