The document discusses active and passive voice in verbs. It explains that active voice shows the subject performing the action, while passive voice shows the subject receiving the action. It provides examples like "The dog chased the cat" in active versus "The cat was chased by the dog" in passive. The document also outlines rules for changing sentences from active to passive voice and vice versa. Finally, it gives more examples of changing sentences between active and passive voice in the present indefinite tense.

2. Doves N EaglesDoves N Eagles
Syed Mohsin , Beenish Shuma ,Syed Mohsin , Beenish Shuma ,
Tasleem ,Perveen Sajida and NazirTasleem ,Perveen Sajida and Nazir

3. Active & Passive VoiceActive & Passive Voice
 The Voice of verb shows the kind of relationship that existsThe Voice of verb shows the kind of relationship that exists
between its object and subject.between its object and subject.
 When a verb shows that its subject actually performs theWhen a verb shows that its subject actually performs the
action, it is said to be in the active voice.action, it is said to be in the active voice.
For example:For example:
The dog chased the cat. The verb chased is inThe dog chased the cat. The verb chased is in
active voice as the action denoted by it is performed by theactive voice as the action denoted by it is performed by the
subject, the dog.subject, the dog.

4.  When a verb shows that its subject does not perform the action but receives it.When a verb shows that its subject does not perform the action but receives it.
it is said to be Passive voice.it is said to be Passive voice.
 Most transitive verb i.e. the verb that take direct objects can be used in passiveMost transitive verb i.e. the verb that take direct objects can be used in passive
voice.voice.
For example:For example:
She disliked the story. (Active)She disliked the story. (Active)
The Story was disliked by her. (Passive)The Story was disliked by her. (Passive)
 While changing active sentences into passive, following rules should beWhile changing active sentences into passive, following rules should be
followed.followed.
(i). Subject of active sentence will be object of passive sentence.(i). Subject of active sentence will be object of passive sentence.
(ii). Object of active sentence will be subject of passive sentence.(ii). Object of active sentence will be subject of passive sentence.
(iii). Place preposition by before the object of passive sentence.(iii). Place preposition by before the object of passive sentence.
(iv). Replace the main verb by 3(iv). Replace the main verb by 3rdrd
form of verb and use is, am, are, was, were, willform of verb and use is, am, are, was, were, will
be, shall be before it.be, shall be before it.

5. Changes in active & PassiveChanges in active & Passive
ActiveActive PassivePassive
(i).1(i).1stst
form of verbform of verb Is, am, are,3Is, am, are,3rdrd
form of verbform of verb
(ii). Is, am, are, was, were, ing with 1(ii). Is, am, are, was, were, ing with 1stst
form of verb.form of verb.
Is, am, are, was, were, 3Is, am, are, was, were, 3rdrd
form of verb.form of verb.
(iii). Had, have, had, 3(iii). Had, have, had, 3rdrd
form of verb.form of verb. Has, have, had been 3Has, have, had been 3rdrd
form of verb.form of verb.
(iv). 2(iv). 2ndnd
form of verb.form of verb. Was, were 3Was, were 3rdrd
form of verbform of verb
(v). Will / shall 1(v). Will / shall 1stst
form of verb.form of verb. Will / shall be 3Will / shall be 3rdrd
form of verb.form of verb.
(vi). Will / shall be and in with 1(vi). Will / shall be and in with 1stst
formform
of verb.of verb.
Will / shall being 3Will / shall being 3rdrd
form of verb.form of verb.
(vii). Will / shall have 3(vii). Will / shall have 3rdrd
form of verb.form of verb. Will / shall have been 3Will / shall have been 3rdrd
form of verb.form of verb.

6.  These four changes are illustrated belowThese four changes are illustrated below
SubjectSubject Active verbActive verb ObjectObject
The Police chased the thief.The Police chased the thief.
The Thief was chased by the policeThe Thief was chased by the police
 A sentence with a transitive verb plus an object may beA sentence with a transitive verb plus an object may be
turned from the active voice into passive voice, byturned from the active voice into passive voice, by
shifting the subject into object and making necessaryshifting the subject into object and making necessary
changes in the verb phrase. The passive voice ischanges in the verb phrase. The passive voice is
generally used when.generally used when.
(i). The subject of sentence is unknown or difficult to(i). The subject of sentence is unknown or difficult to
specify.specify.
(ii). It is desirable not to specify the subject.(ii). It is desirable not to specify the subject.
(iii). Do , does will change into is. Are, am according to the(iii). Do , does will change into is. Are, am according to the
subject.subject.

7. ExamplesExamples
 THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSETHE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
(A)(A) From Active into PassiveFrom Active into Passive
Active VoiceActive Voice Passive VoicePassive Voice
1. I break a cup.1. I break a cup. A cup is broken by me.A cup is broken by me.
2. They eat apples.2. They eat apples. Apples are eaten byApples are eaten by
them.them.
3. My mother beats me.3. My mother beats me. I am beaten by myI am beaten by my
mother.mother.
4. Do you sell4. Do you sell Are potatoes sold byAre potatoes sold by

8. ExamplesExamples
 THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSETHE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
(B)(B) From Passive into ActiveFrom Passive into Active
Passive voicePassive voice Active voiceActive voice
1. Eggs are boiled by1. Eggs are boiled by
him.him.
He boils eggs.He boils eggs.
2. I am punished by my2. I am punished by my
father.father.
My father punishes me.My father punishes me.
3. Is the moon seen by3. Is the moon seen by
her?her?
Does she see the moon?Does she see the moon?
Sweets are not liked bySweets are not liked by
us.us.
We do not like sweets.We do not like sweets.