Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released from power stations, industries, and vehicles. These gases oxidize in clouds to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, polluting the air. Acid-laden water droplets fall as acid rain when blown by the wind, making water bodies acidic with a pH below 5.6. This document discusses the formation of acid rain and its effects on the environment.

1. BIOLOGY 1
GROUP 10 :ACID RAIN
MEMBERS:
NOOR AZURAH ABDUL RAZAK
(D20101037502)
IRA NUSRAT JAAFAR
(D20101037533)
WAN NORAZWANI MAHUSIN
(D20101037506)
KESAVARTINII A/P BALA KRISNAIN
(D20101039444)

2. FORMATION OF ACID RAIN
 Power stations, industries & vehicles release
gases into the atmosphere
 Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
 Oxidation in clouds produces sulphuric acid and
nitric acid.
 Acid polluted air blown by the wind
 Water droplets become polluted
 Wet deposition (acid rain)

4. WATER AS A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
 Water is also a good solvent due to its polarity
 When an ionic or polar compound enters water, it
is surrounded by water molecules ( hydration)
 The relatively small size of water molecules to
surrounded one molecule of solute.

5. POLARITY AND HYDROGEN BONDING
• An important feature of water is its polar nature
• Oxygen,O2 has higher electronegativity than
hydrogen,H2
• The O2 end is partially negative and H2 end is
partially positive
• The changes differences case water molecules
to be attracted to each other
• This attraction contributes to hydrogen bonding

6. MOLECULES OF WATER

7. ACIDITY IN NATURE
• pH of pure water is 7
• Water exposed to air rapidly dissolve carbon
dioxide, CO2 and form dilute solution of carbonic
acid (pH 5.7)
• When water droplets falls as raindrops through
air, minor amount of CO2 absorbed- slightly
acidic
• Presence of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide
in air dissolve into cloud falls as raindrops
which is acidic
• pH of acid rain below 5.6

8. QUESTIONS…..
1) What is the main gases produced by vehicles
and industrials that can cause acid rain?
a) carbon monoxide
b) oxides of nitrogen
c) methane
d) sulphur trioxide

9. 2) Which of the following is/are the forms of acid
deposition?
i. Wet deposition
ii. Rain
iii. Dry deposition
iv. Cloud water droplets
a) I only
b) I and III
c) II and IV
d) III and IV

10. 3) All the following are the effects of acid
rain,except…….
a) damage plants
b) erosion of the building
c) sea level rises
d) skin cancer

11. THANK YOU