Acid rain or Acid deposition penetrates deeply into the sensitive fabric of ecosystem, thereby changing the chemistry of air, water, and soil and has huge impact
“Change is the Law of Nature”.Climate Change is a reality. It has changed in Past, is changing in Present and will change in Future. The variation and shifts in weather conditions over space and time of different scales and magnitude resulting into
changes of Climatic Type is defined as Climate Change.
The factor that affect climate are,Continental drift,Variation in the earth’s orbit,Plate tectonics,Volcanic activity,Ocean currents,Greenhouse Gases,Atmospheric Aerosols etc. It effect climate in different ways such as Higher Temperatures,Changing Landscapes,Wildlife/Ecosystem at Risk,Ocean acidification /Rising Seas level,Increased Risk of Drought, Fire and Floods,Intensified Storms and Increased Storm Damages,Illness and Disease,Economic Losses,Agriculture Productivity/Food Security etc.
Acid rain or Acid deposition penetrates deeply into the sensitive fabric of ecosystem, thereby changing the chemistry of air, water, and soil and has huge impact
“Change is the Law of Nature”.Climate Change is a reality. It has changed in Past, is changing in Present and will change in Future. The variation and shifts in weather conditions over space and time of different scales and magnitude resulting into
changes of Climatic Type is defined as Climate Change.
The factor that affect climate are,Continental drift,Variation in the earth’s orbit,Plate tectonics,Volcanic activity,Ocean currents,Greenhouse Gases,Atmospheric Aerosols etc. It effect climate in different ways such as Higher Temperatures,Changing Landscapes,Wildlife/Ecosystem at Risk,Ocean acidification /Rising Seas level,Increased Risk of Drought, Fire and Floods,Intensified Storms and Increased Storm Damages,Illness and Disease,Economic Losses,Agriculture Productivity/Food Security etc.
The Presentation briefly consists about what is water pollution,It's Sources, It's effects, Precautions, etc...
There is also a video about the some examples of the effects of Water Pollution on Humans,Animals and birds.
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
The Presentation briefly consists about what is water pollution,It's Sources, It's effects, Precautions, etc...
There is also a video about the some examples of the effects of Water Pollution on Humans,Animals and birds.
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
Acid rain water has a pH <5.
Acid rain does not respect political boundaries. Emissions from one country may be carried by wind to a neighbouring country.
Travelling is a great thing to do, especially now. Summer is a good time of year to start a new adventure or see new parts of the world. But what exactly is travelling? Simply stated, travelling is a process of getting from one place to another.
ACID RAIN, THEIR IMPACTS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR MANAGEMENTAmbika Prajapati
Acid rain is one of the major environmental threats since 19th century. The effect of acidification has been sighted all over the world such as deleterious ecological effects such as reduced reproduction of aquatic fish species, dieback and stunted growth in plants, accumulation of toxic aluminium and heavy metals in soil and water bodies, biodiversity loss including corals and shellfish, degrade to the manmade structures made up of marble and stone and corrosion of metal structures.
The term acid rain was coined in 1852 by Scottish chemist Robert Angus Smith, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry, which calls him the "father of acid rain."
Acid rain or acid deposition is any kind of precipitation with unusually high acidic components such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall in the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic.
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Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
2. What is Acid Rain?
"Acid rain" is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet
and dry deposition (deposited material) from the
atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts
of nitric and sulphuric acids. The precursors, or
chemical forerunners, of acid rain formation result
from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and
decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily
emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen
oxides (NOx) resulting from fossil fuel combustion.
3. In the United States, roughly 2/3 of all SO2 and 1/4 of
all NOx come from electric power generation that
relies on burning fossil fuels, like coal. Acid rain
occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with
water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various
acidic compounds. The result is a mild solution of
sulphuric acid and nitric acid. When sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides are released from power plants
and other sources, prevailing winds blow these
compounds across state and national borders,
sometimes over hundreds of miles.
4.
5. Wet Deposition
Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. If
the acid chemicals in the air are blown into areas
where the weather is wet, the acids can fall to the
ground in the form of rain, snow, fog, or mist. As this
acidic water flows over and through the ground, it
affects a variety of plants and animals. The strength of
the effects depends on several factors, including how
acidic the water is; the chemistry and buffering
capacity of the soils involved; and the types of fish,
trees, and other living things that rely on the water.
6. Dry Deposition
In areas where the weather is dry, the acid chemicals
may become incorporated into dust or smoke and fall
to the ground through dry deposition, sticking to the
ground, buildings, homes, cars, and trees. Dry
deposited gases and particles can be washed from
these surfaces by rainstorms, leading to increased
runoff. This runoff water makes the resulting mixture
more acidic. About half of the acidity in the
atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition.
7. Effects of Acid Rain
Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams and
contributes to the damage of trees at high elevations
and many sensitive forest soils. In addition, acid rain
accelerates the decay of building materials and paints,
including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and
sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural
heritage. Prior to falling to the earth, sulphur dioxide
(SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) gases and their
particulate matter derivatives—sulphates and
nitrates—contribute to visibility degradation and
harm public health.
8.
9. Measuring Acid Rain
Acid rain is measured using a scale called “pH.” The
lower a substance's pH, the more acidic it is. Pure
water has a pH of 7.0. However, normal rain is slightly
acidic because carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves into it
forming weak carbonic acid, giving the resulting
mixture a pH of approximately 5.6 at typical
atmospheric concentrations of CO2. As of 2000, the
most acidic rain falling in the U.S. has a pH of about
4.3.
10. Two networks, both supported by EPA, monitor acid
rain’s pH and the chemicals that cause acid rain. The
National Atmospheric Deposition Program measures
wet deposition and developed maps of rainfall pH and
other important precipitation chemistry
measurements.
11.
12. Reducing Acid Rain
There are several ways to reduce acid rain—more
properly called acid deposition—ranging from societal
changes to individual action. It is critical that acid
deposition be reduced, not only in the United States
and Canada, but also throughout the world to preserve
the integrity of natural habitats, as well as to reduce
damage to man-made structures.
13. Effects of Acid Deposition
To understand acid deposition's causes and effects, and
to track changes in the environment, scientists from
EPA, state governments, and academia study
acidification processes. They collect air and water
samples and measure them for various characteristics
such as pH and chemical composition, and research
the effects of acid deposition on human-made
materials such as marble and bronze. Finally, scientists
work to understand the effects of sulphur dioxide
(SO2) and nitrogen oxides (Nox).
14. To solve the acid rain problem, people need to
understand how acid rain damages the environment.
They also need to understand what changes could be
made to the air pollution sources that cause the
problem. The answers to these questions help leaders
make better decisions about how to control air
pollution and therefore, how to reduce—or even
eliminate—acid rain.
15. Cleaning!
Almost all of the electricity that powers modern life
comes from burning fossil fuels such as coal, natural
gas, and oil. Acid deposition is caused by two
pollutants that are released into the atmosphere when
fossil fuels are burned: sulphur dioxide (SO2) and
nitrogen oxides (NOx). Coal accounts for most U.S.
SO2 emissions and a large portion of NOx emissions.
Sulphur is present in coal as an impurity, and it reacts
with air when the coal is burned to form SO2. In
contrast, NOx is formed when any fossil fuel is burned.
16. There are several options for reducing SO2 emissions,
including using coal containing less sulphur, washing
the coal, and using devices called “scrubbers” to
chemically remove the SO2 from the gases leaving the
smokestack. Power plants can also switch fuels—for
example, burning natural gas creates much less SO2
than burning coal. Certain approaches will also have
the additional benefit of reducing other pollutants
such as mercury and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Understanding these “co-benefits” has become
important in seeking cost.
17. Similar to scrubbers on power plants, catalytic
converters reduce NOx emissions from cars. These
devices have been required for over 20 years in the
United States, and it is important to keep them
working properly. Recently, tailpipe restrictions were
tightened to help curb NOx emissions. EPA also
continues to make, changes to gasoline that allow it to
burn cleaner.
18. Use Alternative Energy Resources
There are other sources of electricity besides fossil
fuels. They include nuclear power, hydropower, wind
energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy. Nuclear
and hydropower are used most widely in the United
States, while wind, solar, and geothermal energy have
not yet been harnessed on a large enough scale to
make them economically-feasible alternatives.
There are also alternative energies, such as natural gas,
batteries, and fuel cells, available to power
automobiles.
19. All sources of energy have environmental costs as well
as benefits. Some types of energy are more expensive
to produce than others, which means that not all
Americans can afford all of them. Nuclear power,
hydropower, and coal are the cheapest forms of energy
today, but advancements in technologies and
regulatory developments may change this in the
future. All of these factors must be weighed when
deciding which energy source to use today and which
to invest in for tomorrow.
20. Restore a damaged environment
Acid deposition penetrates deeply into the fabric of an
ecosystem, changing the chemistry of the soil and
streams and narrowing—sometimes to nothing—the
space where certain plants and animals can survive.
Because there are so many changes, it takes many years
for ecosystems to recover from acid deposition, even
after emissions are reduced and the rain pH is restored
to normal.
21. However, there are some things that people can do to
bring back lakes and streams more quickly. Limestone
or lime can be added to acidic lakes to “cancel out” the
acidity. This process, called liming, has been used
extensively in Norway and Sweden but is not used very
often in the United States Liming tends to be
expensive, has to be done repeatedly to keep the water
from returning to its acidic condition, and is
considered a short-term remedy in only specific areas,
rather than an effort to reduce or prevent pollution.