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Acidic Rain
By: Shvan Adel Aubidallah
What is Acid Rain???
Acid rain is basically rain that has a
higher than normal acid level (low pH).
“Clean” rain has a natural acidity of
about 5.2-5.7
Normal acid rain
CO2 (g) + H2O (l)  H2CO3 (aq)
What causes acid
deposition?
Acid rain is caused by emissions of Sulfur
Dioxide and Nitrogen oxide, which react
with the water molecules in the atmosphere
to produce acids.
NO2 (g) + H2O (l)  HNO3 (aq)
Or
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2 SO3 (g)
SO3 (g) + H2O (l)  H2SO4 (aq)
The Main source of acid Rain ?The Main source of acid Rain ?
1)1) Sulphur dioxide
Burning coal, Oil and
natural gas, in power
stations makes electricity,
giving off sulphur dioxide
gas.
Natural from (volcanic
eruption )
2) Nitrogen oxide
Burning petrol and oil in
vehicle engines gives off
nitrogen oxides as gases.
Natural from (lighting)
Types of Acid Rain ?
Wet Deposition:-
1.acidic rain
2.snow
3.Fog
Dry Deposition:-
1.acidic gases
2.Particles
Problem
 Acid rain can travel long distances.
 Often it doesn’t fall where the gas is
produced. High chimneys disperse
(spread) the gases and winds blow
them great distances before they
dissolve and fall to Earth as rain.
 Eg. gases produced in turkey can
result in acid rain in Kurdistan
Effects o f acid Rain ?
1) Human1) Human
The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
gases, causes respiratory diseases like
asthma, chronic bronchitis, etc.
2) Plant2) Plant
 Trees needles and leaves of the
trees turn brown and fall off.
 Acid rain damages the surfaces of
leafs. This leaves the plant unable
to make food & more susceptible
to pests & diseases.
3) Aquatic animals
 Acid Rain increases the acidity of lakes &
rivers, which is directly effect the aquatic
ecosystem.
  At pH lower than 5 most fish eggs will not
hatch and lower pH can kill adult fish.
4) Buildings4) Buildings
 Acid rain dissolves the stonework and
mortar of buildings (especially those
made out of sandstone or limestone).
 It reacts with the minerals in the stone to
form a powdery substance that can be
washed away by rain.
Solution
 Fit scrubbers into facto ry’s chimneys, which are
chemicalfilters that remo ve impurities such as
sulphur fro m smo ke.
 Cars can be fitted withspecial Fit catalytic
co nverters which remo ve dangero us chemicals.
 Reducetheamount of electricity weuse
-turn tv’soff at themains, don’t leaveon standby.
-turn off lightswhen aroom isnot in use.
 Limit thenumber of vehicleson theroadsand
increasepublic transport.
 Liming lake
Liming lake
 Liming is adding limestone and calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) to increase the acidity of
soils and lakes to a more basic pH. It is
expensive .
Acid rain

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Acid rain

  • 1. Acidic Rain By: Shvan Adel Aubidallah
  • 2. What is Acid Rain??? Acid rain is basically rain that has a higher than normal acid level (low pH). “Clean” rain has a natural acidity of about 5.2-5.7 Normal acid rain CO2 (g) + H2O (l)  H2CO3 (aq)
  • 3. What causes acid deposition? Acid rain is caused by emissions of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. NO2 (g) + H2O (l)  HNO3 (aq) Or 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2 SO3 (g) SO3 (g) + H2O (l)  H2SO4 (aq)
  • 4. The Main source of acid Rain ?The Main source of acid Rain ? 1)1) Sulphur dioxide Burning coal, Oil and natural gas, in power stations makes electricity, giving off sulphur dioxide gas. Natural from (volcanic eruption )
  • 5. 2) Nitrogen oxide Burning petrol and oil in vehicle engines gives off nitrogen oxides as gases. Natural from (lighting)
  • 6. Types of Acid Rain ? Wet Deposition:- 1.acidic rain 2.snow 3.Fog Dry Deposition:- 1.acidic gases 2.Particles
  • 7.
  • 8. Problem  Acid rain can travel long distances.  Often it doesn’t fall where the gas is produced. High chimneys disperse (spread) the gases and winds blow them great distances before they dissolve and fall to Earth as rain.  Eg. gases produced in turkey can result in acid rain in Kurdistan
  • 9. Effects o f acid Rain ? 1) Human1) Human The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases, causes respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic bronchitis, etc.
  • 10. 2) Plant2) Plant  Trees needles and leaves of the trees turn brown and fall off.  Acid rain damages the surfaces of leafs. This leaves the plant unable to make food & more susceptible to pests & diseases.
  • 11. 3) Aquatic animals  Acid Rain increases the acidity of lakes & rivers, which is directly effect the aquatic ecosystem.   At pH lower than 5 most fish eggs will not hatch and lower pH can kill adult fish.
  • 12. 4) Buildings4) Buildings  Acid rain dissolves the stonework and mortar of buildings (especially those made out of sandstone or limestone).  It reacts with the minerals in the stone to form a powdery substance that can be washed away by rain.
  • 13. Solution  Fit scrubbers into facto ry’s chimneys, which are chemicalfilters that remo ve impurities such as sulphur fro m smo ke.  Cars can be fitted withspecial Fit catalytic co nverters which remo ve dangero us chemicals.  Reducetheamount of electricity weuse -turn tv’soff at themains, don’t leaveon standby. -turn off lightswhen aroom isnot in use.  Limit thenumber of vehicleson theroadsand increasepublic transport.  Liming lake
  • 14. Liming lake  Liming is adding limestone and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to increase the acidity of soils and lakes to a more basic pH. It is expensive .