According to the development chronology,the use of Rasa Chikitsa Started from the 7th century to the 10th or 11th century. With the use of Rasa-Rasayanadi, success in Dehavada & Lohavada began to be successful and the attitude of Acharyas towards Rasa Chikitsa. In the tradition of Rasa Chikitsa, the Rasadhyaya written by Siddha Kankayala and his disciple comes. Rasadhyaya also comes in the classical treatise in high quality Rasagranthas. Its shaili (style), bhasha (language), nirmana prakara (method of drug formulations) & mana nirupana (value representation) etc. keeps its own space. In this article, the special description of Rasadhyaya & the contribution of Rasadhyaya in Rasa shastra has been described. Dr. Kavita | Dr. Gajendra Sahu | Dr. M. K. Dash | Dr. S. M. Parhate | Dr. K. S. Karbhal "A Review on Rasadhyaya: Its Importance In Alchemy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7188.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/7188/a-review-on-rasadhyaya-its-importance-in-alchemy/dr-kavita
9th century treatise rasashastara (Alchemical) book which gives detail description on ashtadasha parada samskaras and This manuscript is presented with a guideline, how to make Mercury competent for transmuting base metals into a noble one and produce therapeutic benefits with them. A alchemical book being the Heart of mercury - Rasahrudatya tantra
9th century treatise rasashastara (Alchemical) book which gives detail description on ashtadasha parada samskaras and This manuscript is presented with a guideline, how to make Mercury competent for transmuting base metals into a noble one and produce therapeutic benefits with them. A alchemical book being the Heart of mercury - Rasahrudatya tantra
Aushada is one which can be taken in disease, in alpha matra, even in severe condition, many doshas involved. Taken in specific disease, aushada which is of good quality, in proper dose should destroy it, without any complications.
The Concept of Pakshachedhana in Ayurveda RasasastraEbinuday
'Pakshachedhana' simply means 'Cutting the wings'. In Ayurveda Rasasastra , Parada ( Mercury) is subjected to Pakshachedhana , through which the stability and heat sustaining capacity of Parada is attained . Pakshachinna Parada can thus be used accordingly in various efficient formulations.
This is the second part of presentation regarding definitions in Rasa shastra. An attempt is made to clarify the definitions in more clear way also useful images are added to further improvise the presentation.
'Rasasastra' ,is the science of metals , minerals , other toxic herbs , which are applied for attaining two goals. It is either used in the perspective of metallurgy, where lower metals are converted in to higher metals. It is otherwise used for the attainment of supreme health. This science , with both the applications were once well practiced in our country. But due to several factors, this divine science has been restricted to treatment aspect. 'Kshetreekarana' is the method of preparing the body to be eligible for administering processed divine mercury. In the midst various references Kshetreekarana generally , includes two steps. The first step is implementing Panchakarma therapy and second step involves administration of special formulations to attain a healthy condition to accept the divine mercury.
Rasa shastra is a most important and popular branch of Ayurveda It deals with the knowledge related to alchemy( Lohavedh) and Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics specially connected to the drugs of mineral origin with a view to remove poverty from the world and to strengthen the body and also to prevent their ageing process. History of Rasa Shastra can be traced in pre vedic period where metals are successfully employed in treatment of various diseases. Its development was rapid after Lord Buddha and the influence of the philosophy of Ahimsa. This was the era when Rasa Shastra flourished tremendously. It was recognized as a medical science with an independent philosophical background in 14th century, by Madhavacharya in his book Sarva Darsana Samgraha. Considering the importance of this discipline in Ayurvedic therapeutics and the fact that there is dearth of comprehensive review on the subject an attempt has been made in this review to provide a brief but all encompassing coverage of different aspects related to it. Dr. Gajendra Kumar Sahu | Dr. Kavita | Dr. S.M.Parhate | K. S Karbhal"Chronological Development of Rasa Shastra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15761.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/15761/chronological-development-of-rasa-shastra/dr-gajendra-kumar-sahu
Aushada is one which can be taken in disease, in alpha matra, even in severe condition, many doshas involved. Taken in specific disease, aushada which is of good quality, in proper dose should destroy it, without any complications.
The Concept of Pakshachedhana in Ayurveda RasasastraEbinuday
'Pakshachedhana' simply means 'Cutting the wings'. In Ayurveda Rasasastra , Parada ( Mercury) is subjected to Pakshachedhana , through which the stability and heat sustaining capacity of Parada is attained . Pakshachinna Parada can thus be used accordingly in various efficient formulations.
This is the second part of presentation regarding definitions in Rasa shastra. An attempt is made to clarify the definitions in more clear way also useful images are added to further improvise the presentation.
'Rasasastra' ,is the science of metals , minerals , other toxic herbs , which are applied for attaining two goals. It is either used in the perspective of metallurgy, where lower metals are converted in to higher metals. It is otherwise used for the attainment of supreme health. This science , with both the applications were once well practiced in our country. But due to several factors, this divine science has been restricted to treatment aspect. 'Kshetreekarana' is the method of preparing the body to be eligible for administering processed divine mercury. In the midst various references Kshetreekarana generally , includes two steps. The first step is implementing Panchakarma therapy and second step involves administration of special formulations to attain a healthy condition to accept the divine mercury.
Rasa shastra is a most important and popular branch of Ayurveda It deals with the knowledge related to alchemy( Lohavedh) and Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics specially connected to the drugs of mineral origin with a view to remove poverty from the world and to strengthen the body and also to prevent their ageing process. History of Rasa Shastra can be traced in pre vedic period where metals are successfully employed in treatment of various diseases. Its development was rapid after Lord Buddha and the influence of the philosophy of Ahimsa. This was the era when Rasa Shastra flourished tremendously. It was recognized as a medical science with an independent philosophical background in 14th century, by Madhavacharya in his book Sarva Darsana Samgraha. Considering the importance of this discipline in Ayurvedic therapeutics and the fact that there is dearth of comprehensive review on the subject an attempt has been made in this review to provide a brief but all encompassing coverage of different aspects related to it. Dr. Gajendra Kumar Sahu | Dr. Kavita | Dr. S.M.Parhate | K. S Karbhal"Chronological Development of Rasa Shastra" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15761.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/15761/chronological-development-of-rasa-shastra/dr-gajendra-kumar-sahu
Nighantus of Ayurveda help in the right identification of the plant species used in treatment. It is essential to understand the basics of the evolution of Dravyaguna right from the Vedic period to the current era for a Materia Medica scholar in the field of Ayurveda.
Nasya Karma an Emergency Therapy W.S.R. Visha Chiktsaijtsrd
The Nasya Karma has been specifically indicated, when the poison reaches the head region Shirogata Visha . As the medicines administered through Nasya directly enter the central nervous system, this treatment modality can be aptly used in such emergency medical conditions. The administration of Nasya doesn't need any specific pre therapeutic measures like Snehana Oleation or Swedana Sudation etc. which are compulsory before other starting other treatments like Vamana or Virechana. This makes it more suitable for its use in the emergency cases of poisoning. Moreover, the utilization of Nasya Karma has been observed right since the Vedic period and this extensive tradition of Nasya Karma gives lots of confidence about its safety and efficacy. Even certain researches in modern medical science have proved its utility, but still there is a greater need to explore and utilize this treatment option in a more scientific manner. Poisoning is always an emergency condition that doctor has to handle diligently and cautiously. Nasya karma NK drug delivery through nasal passage is considered to be the best one among all the panchkarmas for all urdhwajatrugata Organs above the adam's apple diseases. According to its practical application with minimum requirements, its accessibility is comparatively is easier. From 2016, CCIM has declared Agadatantra as a clinical subject. Agadatantra is the ayurvedic toxicological science which deals with the study of signs and symptoms of different types of poisons and its management. Among the twenty four treatment modalities of vishachikitsa, nasya is one. But practicle application of drugs which are used for NK in poisoned cases were not available at first hand. Dr. Hari Krishna Shriwas | Dr. L. C. Harjpal | Dr. Rupendra Chandrakar "Nasya Karma an Emergency Therapy W.S.R. Visha Chiktsa" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47532.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/47532/nasya-karma-an-emergency-therapy-wsr-visha-chiktsa/dr-hari-krishna-shriwas
Decoding Textual Differences in the Sayanapatha of Chandogyopanisadijtsrd
This paper delves into the lesser known commentaries of Saya acarya on ancient Upani ads, particularly the Chandogyopani ad, shedding light on their scarcity, historical publication, and existing variations. While Saya acarya’s commentaries on Vedic texts are widely available and discussed, those on older Upani ads remain obscure. The primary focus is on Sayanabha ya rendition of Chandogyopani ad, known as Chandogyopani ad Dipika, initially published in 1989 by Sadguru Gangeswar International Ved Mission. This paper discusses the challenges faced by researchers in accessing these rare commentaries and highlights recent efforts in reissuing the work under the editorship of Prof. S. Sudharshan Sarma in 2020. The paper also examines the existing manuscripts of Chandogyopani ad Dipika, preserved at esteemed institutes such as the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune and the Oriental Research Institute in Mysore. A crucial emphasis is placed on analyzing the textual variations present in Sayanabha ya, drawing attention to differences observed within this commentary, particularly in comparison to commonly available versions. Furthermore, the paper explores Saya acarya’s approach in Sayanabha ya, emphasizing his adherence to Sa karacarya’s Bha ya while incorporating comprehensive grammatical explanations, simple language, and detailed subject matter descriptions. Variations within the text of Chandogyopani ad, as presented in Dipika, are meticulously examined, providing a critical understanding of these differences and their implications. Dr. Sreekesh M K "Decoding Textual Differences in the Sayanapatha of Chandogyopanisad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61223.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sanskrit/61223/decoding-textual-differences-in-the-sayanapatha-of-chandogyopanisad/dr-sreekesh-m-k
Chakradatta/Chitsasamgraha of Chkarapanidatta.pptx- Ayurveda Samhithashollyelizabeth96
Chakradatta also known as chikitsasamgraha is an ancient ayurveda textbook which emphasises on treatment of different diesases.It was written by Chakrapanidatta who was beleived to be a native of West Bengal. It provides many formulations, rasayogas, combinations which have not been mentioned in other classical textbooks. Starts with jwarachikitsa and ends with susthaadhikaara- chapter on swasthavritha. Two commentaries are available for the textbook.
Understanding the Concept of Nyayas in Samhitasijtsrd
Ayurvedic texts explains about trividha jnanopaya.The first step i.e. the of , is not an easy task in which the subject matter of Ayurveda is in coded language Sutra roopa . Several tools for adhyayana mentioned in samhitas are Tantrayukti, Tacchilya, Arthashraya, Kalpana, Nyayas etc. Many times, mere translation might not convey the actual intention of the author. To overcome this, the Nyayas maxims help play an important role.The Nyayas convey larger meaning than the sutra. Nyayas describes the meaning or relative meaning of context. Basically they are seen by the general public as logical proposition. They are specifically used when characterising a situation. By simply reading the sanskrit verses it is not possible to understand the idea of the author clearly. That is why the commentator have used the different maxims to explore the contextual meanings and to clear the hidden meanings in a better way. Dr. Venkatesh V Goudar | Dr. Supriya Y Bhosale | Dr. Nishath I "Understanding the Concept of Nyayas in Samhitas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52747.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/52747/understanding-the-concept-of-nyayas-in-samhitas/dr-venkatesh-v-goudar
Chagamamsa has been used as both as Ahara well as Aushadha. The concept of Nutraceutical is gaining a lot of importance in the recent few days. People are exhausted taking medicines which are difficult to take and also have lot of side effects. They prefer to take something which is easily available and also that which can be a part of food to treat their ailments. Nutraceutical have been defined a food or a part of food that provides medicinal or health benefit including prevention and treatment of diseases. Chagamamsa is a Mamsa which is taken as a part of food it can be considered a Nutraceutical. There are a lot of medicinal value attributed of the Chagamamsa and other Dravyas which are included for the Chagaladya Ghrita. The Chagaladya Ghrita content mainly Chaga mamsa Goats meat , Ashwagandha, Vasapanchanga, Chagadugdha, Goghrita and other Prakshepaka dravyas. Dr. Prabhakar H. Kannalli | Dr. Bishnupriya Sethi | Dr. Shankara Gowda | Dr. Ravi R Chavan "Chagaladya Ghrita; A - Drug Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47600.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/47600/chagaladya-ghrita-a---drug-review/dr-prabhakar-h-kannalli
Similar to A Review on Rasadhyaya: It's Importance In Alchemy (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Review on Rasadhyaya: It's Importance In Alchemy
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
A Review on Rasadhyaya: It’s Importance
Dr. Kavita
PG Scholar,Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
Dr. Gajendra Sahu
PG Scholar,Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
Reader, PG Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
ABSTRACT
According to the development chronology,
Rasa Chikitsa Started from the 7th
century to the 10
11th
century. With the use of Rasa-Rasayanadi
in Dehavada & Lohavada began to be successful and
the attitude of Acharyas towards Rasa Chikitsa.
tradition of Rasa Chikitsa, the Rasadhyaya
Siddha Kankayala and his disciple comes.
also comes in the classical treatise in high quality
Rasagranthas. Its shaili (style), bhasha
nirmana prakara (method of drug formulations) &
mana nirupana (value representation) etc. keeps its
own space. In this article, the special description of
Rasadhyaya & the contribution of Rasadhyaya
shastra have been described.
II INTRODUCTION
In Rasashastra , the term rasa is indicative of
(Mercury). Since the Mercury does, the ‘
‘aswadana’ (engulf) of ‘Abhrakadi rasa dravya’
‘Swarnadi dhatu’ it is called ‘Rasa’. Since its judicious
therapeutic use slows down aging process (
many diseases (ruja) and delays death (
called ‘Rasa’.(1)
The ‘Rasaushadhis’ are known for
smaller dosage. They do not cause any nauseating
sensation during consumption. These medicines
provide quick results and they are useful in majority of
difficult to cure disease conditions. These medicines are
also good appetizers and digestives.(2)
Rasadhyaya
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
n Rasadhyaya: It’s Importance in Alchemy
PG Scholar,Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
PG Scholar,Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
Dr. M. K. Dash
Lecturer, PG Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
Dr. S. M. Parhate
Professor & H.O.D., PG Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
Dr. K. S. Karbhal
Reader, PG Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
development chronology, the use of
century to the 10th
or
Rasayanadi, success
began to be successful and
Rasa Chikitsa. In the
Rasadhyaya written by
and his disciple comes. Rasadhyaya
also comes in the classical treatise in high quality
bhasha (language),
(method of drug formulations) &
(value representation) etc. keeps its
own space. In this article, the special description of
Rasadhyaya in Rasa
is indicative of Parada
(Mercury). Since the Mercury does, the ‘rasana’ or
Abhrakadi rasa dravya’ and
it is called ‘Rasa’. Since its judicious
therapeutic use slows down aging process (jara), heals
and delays death (mrityu), it is
’ are known for
smaller dosage. They do not cause any nauseating
sensation during consumption. These medicines
provide quick results and they are useful in majority of
cure disease conditions. These medicines are
Rasadhyaya is an
authoritative text on Rasashastra
details of various procedures involved in drug
purification and preparation. Rasadhyaya
and authentic book in its time. It has more importance
in the contemporary Rasagrantha (Rasa text)
Rasadhyaya name is meaningful.
III PREDICTION OF PERIOD
There is no any specific time period is given in the
book. Rasadhyaya Author Kankalaya
ancient, because their preaching period is not known. It
can be said that it was contemporary of the
rajya. Because he has used Yawan shashan kalik maap
(measure) Valla, Gadyad, Man
IV AUTHOR DETAILS & COMMENTARIES
In the tradition of Rasa Chikitsa
written by Siddha Kankayala
Rasadhyaya nibandhan has been done by
as it appears from the last stanza of the book.
Kankalayan preached his follower whose name is not
mentioned, he gave this text a form &
essayed it with detail. Champak
the name of Champak, son of
tradition & the history of the treatise has indicated the
14th
Century. The name of his mentor was
prabha. The commentary of
Dec 2017 Page: 1071
| www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 1
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
n Alchemy
K. Dash
Lecturer, PG Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
M. Parhate
Professor & H.O.D., PG Dept. of RSBK, Govt.
Ayurved College, Raipur, C.G., India
Rasashastra and contains all the
details of various procedures involved in drug
Rasadhyaya is an ancient
and authentic book in its time. It has more importance
Rasagrantha (Rasa text) Hence its
a name is meaningful.
PREDICTION OF PERIOD
There is no any specific time period is given in the
Kankalaya seems to be
ancient, because their preaching period is not known. It
can be said that it was contemporary of the Yawan
Yawan shashan kalik maap
Valla, Gadyad, Man etc.in his book.
THOR DETAILS & COMMENTARIES
Rasa Chikitsa, the Rasadhyaya
Siddha Kankayala and his disciple comes.
has been done by Champaka ,
as it appears from the last stanza of the book. Siddha
preached his follower whose name is not
mentioned, he gave this text a form & Champak
Champak himself introduced as
son of Adi in Yadav Vanshiya
tradition & the history of the treatise has indicated the
ntury. The name of his mentor was Mahendra
. The commentary of Rasadhyaya is done by
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1072
Merutund Jain in 1386 A.D.
V MATERIALS & METHODS-
After going through the subject matter of Rasadhyaya,
it is found that the whole text is completed in 21
specific chapters known as Adhikar. The whole book is
mainly based on 18 specialized processing techniques
of Mercury i.e.Samskar and on affecting other metals
by Parada (Mercury). However it is not only a text of
Alchemy but also used as medical treatise.
1st
Adhikar – Shrinkhla rasa, Parada samskar
This Adhikar (chapter) starts with Namaskaratmak
Mangal.
Parada sapt kanchuk dosha (mritika maya, pashan
maya, jaljata maya, nagaj, vangaj, shyama, kalika),
Parada pancha dosha (mala, vahni, visha, darp,
unmatta) & Dosha mukt Parada are described.
After Eighteen samskar Parada gets Dehasiddhi &
Lohasiddhi.
This chapter is called Shrinkhla Rasa due to the
description of Parada Samskar in a series of ways.
The samskar are Patsaran, mardana, shodhan,
murchanothapana, rasapatana, rasa utthana,
swedana, niyamana, nirodhan, mukhkari, jarana,
vedhkrut, sarana, marana, pratisarana, kramana,
vedhan & uddhatan.
Superiority of Parada over other Rasayana drugs.
Abhraka shodhana, Jirna abhraka jarana vidhi,
Jirna abhraka parada jarana vidhi, Dhanyabhraka
lakshan, Abhra-pisti nirmana vidhi also described
in this adhikar.
Acharya has also described the opinions of other
Acharya’s with their views. (3)
2nd
Adhikar – Hemaraji, Ghoshraji, Makshikraji,
Nagaraji detail
In 2nd
Adhikar Rajiswarup nirupana is mentioned
for the Jarana of Parada (Mercury).
In this chapter there is a representation of nature of
Hemaraji. For Jarana, add 1/64 part of Hemaraji to
8 times of Parada (Mercury).
Hemaraji, Nagaraji, Prakashraji, Kamsyaraji,
Makshikraji are described.
Nagaraji is common Raji, Makshikraji is medium,
Kamsyaraji is good & the Prkashraji is the best. (4)
3rd
Adhikar – Khapar Satvapatana
In this Adhikaar Satvapatana of Khapar is
described.
For the Khapar satvapatan, Tumbanali yantra is
described.
Also Kacchapakar musa, Vartulakar musa and
Bhudhar yantra are described for Kharpar
satvapatana. (5)
4th
Adhikar – Manahshila Satvapatana
Manahshila satvapatana is described in this
chapter.
For the Manahshila satvapatan Kupipakva (kanch
kupi) is described. (6)
5th
Adhikar – Shadloha marana vidhi
In this chapter 6 types of Loha marana is described.
For Naga marana Manahshila is used, for Vang
marana Hartal is used, for Loha marana Hingula is
used, for Tamra marana shuddh gandhak (pure
sulpher) is used, For Rajat marana Tilmakshik is
used and for the Swarna marana Naga is used.
Marana processes for all metals are same. (7)
6th
Adhikar – Tridha Shadloha drutikarana vidhi
3 types of Shadloha drutikarana vidhi is described
in this Adhikar.
Shadloha druti are Hemadruti, Raupyadruti,
Tamradruti, Lohadruti, Nagadruti and Vangadruti.
Sphatika, Tankan kshar, Devdali panchang and
gomutra are described for Shadloha druti. (8)
7th
Adhikar – Tridha Annapathkaran vidhi
Annapathkaran vidhi for the Heerak jarana.
3 types of Heerak Annapathkaran (jarana) are
described by the use of Kukkut puta.(9)
8th
Adhikar – Panchadha Heerakbhasmikaran vidhi
This chapter described the Heerak (diamond)
pariksha and it has been said that Heerak does not
burn by fire, does not break on falling and does not
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1073
drown in water, so it is difficult to test.
So for the test of Heerak, take the Heerak in the
hand and rub it on. In which there is no single line
and whose shine does not decrease, it is called
natural Heerak.
Five types of Heerak bhasma are described. (10)
9th
Adhikar – Dwidha Gandhak shodhana vidhi
Sthali patra is described for the two types of
Gandhak shodhan vidhi.
In the Rasa karma, the use of shuddh Gandhak
(pure sulpher) in both these forms is described. (11)
10th
Adhikar – Dwidha Gandhakpithi nirmana vidhi
Two types of Gandhakpithi is described in this
chapter.
In first method- in clean Tamra patra (copper
vessel) keep pure sulpher and pure Mercury and
mantle well with finger. with this method, Parad
and Gandhak pithi has been prepared.
In second method – Make Kajjali from 1 part of
pure Mercury and equal part of pure Gandhak.
Make pithi by adding Shrikhand rasa/ Hemavalli
rasa in Kajjali. After this Kajjali has been kept in
saravsamput and placed in the Kukkut puta.
In this chapter, Swarna (gold) nirman vidhi has
been mentioned. Melt 384 grams of Silver and mix
6 grams of Sulpher in it, from this method
Panchdash (fifteen) coloured Swarna (gold) are
produced. This Gandhak pithi is helpful in the work
of gold producers (swarna nirman karta). (12)
11th
Adhikar – Gandhak Taila nirmana vidhi
Gandhak Taila nirmana (formation of sulpher oil)
vidhi is described in this chapter.
By the use of 60 kgs Pashan churna (chuna), 40
kgs Gandhak and 40 kgs. Sajji kshara water, the
method of oil production has been described. (13)
12th
Adhikar – Gandhak Taila dwara Tridha
Hemakarma vidhi
In this chapter three types of Hema nirmana vidhi is
described by the use of Gandhak taila.(14)
13th
Adhikar – Gandhak Taila dwara
Sahastrabedharasa vidhi
In this chapter Hema nirmana vidhi (with
sahastravedhak khot) is described by the use of
Gandhak taila and Hemaraji jeerna Parada.
For the making of different Hema different metals
(Tamra, Naga, Vanga etc) are used. (15)
14th
Adhikar – Gandhak Druti-Pithi nirmana vidhi
In this chapter Ghandhak Druti –Pithi nirmana
vidhi is described by the use of Sajji kshara water,
Gandhak and Abhraka (in Kumbh kupi). (16)
15th
Adhikar – Gandhak Druti-Pithi karm vidhi
In this chapter of Rasadhyaya, the Karma (function)
of Gandhak (Sulpher) has been described.
Gandhak Druti-Pisti is used for Swarna nirmana,
for Parada bandha and pota nirman and also used
for best Swarna nirmana. (17)
16th
Adhikar – Talaka shodhana vidhi
In this chapter Godanti Hartal purification method
is described. Five types of drugs are essential for
shodhana (purification) of Godanti Harital- 1)
Lime water, 2) Kusmand juice, 3) Milk, 4) water of
Vadvai and 5) Kanji (with salt).
Disorders due to the consumption of unclean
Godanti Hartal have been described. (18)
17th
Adhikar – Tala karm nirupan
In this chapter function of pure Hartal has been
described.
The person who consumes pure Hartal per day in
quantity of 1 Ratti, will became free from 18 types
of Kustas within 6 months. His new teeth comes out
and hair becomes black.(19)
18th
Adhikar – Tridha Abhraka Drutikaran vidhi
In this chapter described the three types of Abhraka
Druti nirmana vidhi. (20)
19th
Adhikar – Abhraka Drutikaran karya
In this chapter three types of Dhanyabhraka Druti
Karma has been described.
The person who consumes 120 mg. of Abhraka
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1074
Druti, has becomes Tejasvi (stunning), Nischal
(clean) and Akshay (renewable) within 6 months.
Deha siddhi and Loha siddhi are achived through
its intake. (21)
20th
Adhikar – Hemavajra Bhasma, Bhunaag-satva-
nispanna karma
In this chapter Hemavajra bhasma and
Bhunaagsatva nirupana karma has been described.
It promotes strengthening and beauty of the body.
(22)
21th
Adhikar – Kilavaalvadini Gutika nirmana vidhi
In the last Adhikar (chapter) of the Rasadhyaya,
Acharya described the Gutikanjana and Balvadini
gutika and its preparation methods.(23)
DISCUSSION
Many words and preparation processes in this text
differ from other texts. There are some words that are
not known by dictionaries and other texts, like Karpar,
Kodiyaka, Siddhachakra, Valla, Gadyaan, Mana,
Dugdhpali, Leehalaka, Kumbak etc. which do not have
clear knowledge from the dictionary. Acharya’s unique
contribution is seen in this text. In this text, the methods
of Parada Samskar are different from other
contemporary texts. In the order of the Parada
Samskar, he first described the Patsarana, which is
their fundamental contribution. In this text Acharya
explained the process of Heerak (diamond) testing and
the formation of Gandhak oil. Gold production has
been described by Gandhak oil and Gandhak-Druti-
Pisti. Description of different types of Druti in the
maximum chapters, are the speciality of the text. In this
text Acharya quoted that Dehavada and Lohavada
will be achived by the consumption of Parada
formulations, Khot formulations and Gutika
formulations. Acharya has highly praised the treatment
of Rasaaushadhi very effectively. In Rasadhyaya the
Author has included different types of Druti, Pisti and
Rasa aushadhies by his own experience. There is no
any dought that Rasadhyaya is one of the best texts of
its time. In modern era it is also very useful in the
preparation of various pharmaceutical formulations.
CONCLUSION
In this text very systematic description of Parada
Samskar (Astadasha) has been described not only for
the metallic transformation but also for the metabolic
transformation by which body will become strong and
healthy. The features of Rasa therapy is that it works
quickly and gives health immedietly. Rasadhyaya is
known for its virtue of practical usefulness. It gives
contribution to the development of Rasashastra through
various methods of preparations of Rasa-yogas.
Chapters and its contents are well arranged.
Rasadhyaya is an important text on Ancient Indian
Alchemy and therapeutics. The subject matter of the
text is focused on performance and alternative methods
of experimentation.
REFERENCES
1. Dattatrey Anant Kulkarni, Rasa ratna samucchaya,
Meharchand Lakshman publication, New Delhi,
Reprint 2010, 1/77, pp:9
2. Pt. Ramprasad, Rasendra sara samgrah, Khemraj
ShriKrishnadas Publication, Mumbai, edition
2009,1/4, pp:2
3. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 1-49
4. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 49-53
5. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 53-54
6. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 54-55
7. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 58-59
8. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 55-58
9. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 59-63
10. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1075
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 63-68
11. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 68-69
12. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 69-70
13. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 71-72
14. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 72-75
15. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 75-76
16. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 76-77
17. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 77-79
18. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 79-81
19. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 81-84
20. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 85-88
21. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 89-91
22. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 91-94
23. Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, second edition-1982,
pp: 94-100