this ppt suggests whether liposomal drug delivery System can be Sneha Kalpana? It is my own opinion. viewers can agree or disagree with my viewpoint..

1. Sneha Kalpana:
its probable co-relation with Liposomal drug delivery System.
(Glycerosome)
Presenter:
Dr. Saumya Gulati
Junior resident- III
Dept of Rasashastra &
Bhaishajya Kalpana,
Faculty of Ayurveda,
IMS, BHU, Varanasi.

2.  Introduction
 Concept of Murcchana
 methodology
 Seven Rules
 Completion tests
 Route of administration
 Dosage/Shelf life
 Liposomes
 Composition/types of liposome
 Mode of Action / variants
 Similarities/ dissimilarities
 Discussion/ conclusion

3.  Sneha Kalpana can be defined as a pharmaceutical process to
prepare oleaginous medicaments from the substances like Kalka ,
Kwatha or Drava Dravya taken in specific proportion and by
subjecting them to unique heating pattern and duration to fulfill
certain pharmaceutical parameters, according to the need of
therapeutics.
कल्काच्चतुर्ुुणीकृ त्य घृतं वा तैलमेव वा ।
चतुर्ुुणे द्रवे साध्यं तस्य मात्रा पलोन्ममता ॥
(S.M.K 9/1)

4. Its Endeavor
 To extract lipid soluble active principles from the drugs.
 To make use of therapeutic values of oil/ ghrita.
 To enhance the shelf life of Sneha preparation.
 To enhance drug absorption.
 To make the preparation more palatable with good odour.

5. Concept of murcchana
Sneha Murchana is the procedure in
which raw Sneha (Taila and Ghrita) is
boiled with the fine powder of selected
medicinal drugs and desired quantity
of water to get rid of Aama Dosha and
bad odour present in it.
Rationality :
 This process probably helps in
removal of free fatty acids,
undesirable color, moisture and
solids from crude Ghrita.
 May alters the solubility pattern and
absorbability, which is desired to get
maximum medicinal properties.
 Specific group of plant material
perhaps alter the chemical
composition of Sneha
 Change in physico-chemical
characteristics.

6. Ghrita/ taila murcchana
Kept it for mild heating.
Fumes start appearing, Add Drava Dravya followed by Kalka Dravya
Boiling is continued with frequent stirring..
Sneha Siddhi Lakshana should be attained..
Filtered through clean cloth & preserved in container…
METHODOLOGY

7. Kwathapreparation
(Depending on nature of drugs)
Soft drugs
• 4 times
Medium
& hard
drugs
• 8 times
Very hard
drugs
• 16 times
Rationality :
Harder the drug, more the
time required for the water
molecules to act upon it, in
order to facilitate transfer of
active principles from drug
to the liquid media.

8. Rationality
 To extract active constituents
from more number of drug
molecules, more the
requirement of water
molecules.
 More time duration to
evaporate excess water
molecules .
 Should be economically
feasible.
Depending on Quantity of drugs.
Contd..

10. Rule 1
• The quantity of kalka dravya differs from general ratio depending on
different drava-dravyas used. In case of Jala, Kwatha, swarasa, the kalka
quantity will be 1/4th, 1/6th and 1/8th respectively.
Rule 2
• In case of Godugdha, dadhi, mamsarasa, takra used as drava dravya the
quantity of Kalka dravya the quantity of Kalka dravya should be 1/8th.
However, 4 times of water is also added.
Rule 3
• If number of drava-dravyas are 5 or more than 5 , Quantity of each should
be equal to that of sneha.
• If less than 5 then total quantity of all of them should be 4 times to that of
sneha..
Rule 4
• If only Dravyas are mentioned for a Sneha preparation, then Kalka of the
same drugs is prepared and used.

11. Rule 5
• If only Kwatha dravyas are given
in a sneha preparation then Kalka
of the same drugs is added.
Rule 6
• In case Kalka is either not
indicated or restricted , then
Sneha can be prepared without
Kalka.
Rule 7
• In case of Pushpa Kalka, it should
be taken in 1/8th part to that of
Sneha
Contd..

12. SnehaSiddhilakshnaS
 वर्तुवत स्नेहकल्कः यदामर्ुल्या
ववमर्दुतः|
 शब्दहीनो अन्ननर्नक्षिप्त:|
 फे नोद्र्मस्तैले फे नशान्मतश्च
सवपुवि |
 र्मधवणुरसोत्पवि: |
(S.M.K 9/12-14)

13. Different Types of paka
 Mrdu paka -- Ishat Rasakalkastu
 Madhyam Paka– Kalke Neerasa komale
 Khara Paka – Ishat kathina kalkashcha
 Aam Paka– Nirvirya, vahnimandakaro
guru.
 Dagdha Paka– Dahakrita, nishprayoganam
Therapeutic Usage
Should be discarded
Mrdu paka For Nasya (Nasal administration )
Madhyama Paka For all purpose (Pana, Abhyanga, Basti, Nasya,
Karnapurana, Netra purana.)
Khara Paka Abhyanga

14. Route of drug Administration
Enteral
(Abhyantara )
Topical
(Bahya )
Enteral
Nasya
Tarpana
Karna
purana
Basti
Pichu
• AbhyangaTopical

15. Dosage/shelf life
Dose : 1 pala ( Sharngdhar Samhita , madhyam
khand)
Depending upon the Digestive capacity of patient
 Uttam matra= 1 pala
 Madhyam matra= 3 pala
 Jaghanya matra= 2 karsha
Shelf life:
Sharangdhar samhita
Deepika tika: 16 months
D&C Rule 1945, , Part XVI- Rule
161-B
(Shelf life or date of expiry of
medicine)
Ghrita = 2 years
Taila = 3 years
Purana ghrita 1 to 11 years
Prapurana ghrita10 to 100 years
Kumbha sarpi 100 to 111 years
Maha ghrita older than 111 years

16. Liposomal drug delivery system

17.  Liposomes are micro-particulate or
colloidal carriers, usually 0.05-5.0 /~m
in diameter which form spontaneously
when certain lipids are hydrated in
aqueous media.
 They are composed of relatively
biocompatible and biodegradable
material, and they consist of an
aqueous volume entrapped by one or
more bilayers of natural and/or
synthetic lipids.
 Drugs with widely varying
lipophilicities can be encapsulated in
liposome, either in the phospholipids
bilayer, in the entrapped aqueous
volume or at the bilayer interface.
Liposome & its structure

18. Composition of Liposome.
Phosphotidylc
holine
Cholesterol
Shingo
myellin
Dioleaylphosp
hotidyl-
choline
Gangliosides
phosphotidyli
nosito
Phosphotidyle
thanolamine
Phosphotidyls
erine
Other components

19. various mechanism of intracellular drug delivery by
liposome

20. Types of liposome

21. Advantage of
liposomal Drug delivery
Certain Limitations
1. Entrapment
2. Penetration
3. Fluidity
4. Stability
5. Immunogenic

22. Variants of Liposome (clinical implications ).
Liposome
Navo
somes
Glycero
somes
Vaso
somes
Archeo
some Nio
somes
Crypto
somes
Emul
somes

23. Glycerosome
 The concept of glycerosomes was introduced by Manca et al. for the delivery of
diclofenac to skin.
 Glycerosomes represent a novel drug delivery systems composed of
phospholipids, water and glycerol in varying amount.
 They are upgraded versions of liposomes meant for topical and transdermal drug
delivery.
 These drug delivery systems manifest improved stability, fluidity, entrapment and
penetration in comparison to conventional liposome.
 Increasing the concentration of glycerol by 10, 20 or 30 % leads to a drastic
increase in glycerosome stability.
 These vesicles deliver the active ingredients to skin with high efficiency.

24.  Nontoxic topical drug delivery system.
 Do not depend on transition temperatures for
their formation unlike conventional liposomes.
 Improved entrapment, fluidity and stability.
 Glycerol, being viscous in nature
homogenously spreads on skin , prevents the
leakage of API.
 Change the plasticity of the skin layer and
improve it.
 These increase the water content in the stratum
corneum and minimise the obstacles in
transdermal drug delivery.
 Vesicles of less than 20 % glycerol
possess low viscosity, reduced penetration
and low flexibility.
 Increased entrapment of glycerol in
vesicles lead to delayed drug release as
glycerol disturbs the osmotic balance
between receptor and donor sides.
 Addition of glycerol to vesicles lead to
increased particle size and reduced drug
release.
 Glycerosome viscosity on one hand
results in improved stability but on other
hand it may prolong the time for vesicles
to reach the skin surface from the
formulation.
Advantages Disadvantages

26. Probable co-relation of liposome (Glycerosome )with sneha
-Kalpana
 Both are oleganious in nature, hence absorption is faster because cells are made up of
lipid bilayer, hence faster cellular uptake.
 In liposomes, drug is present both in aqueous phase and between lipid bilayer, in the
same way one can propose that the medicines in the form of kalka and kwatha leave
their water and lipid soluble active constituent when processed them with ghrita/oil.
 Both can be used orally as well as topically.
 Liposomes are made up of natural lipids.
 There are certain oils and ghritas such as Shadbindu Taila administered nasally ,
indicated for Urdhajatrugata rogas , might cross the BBB and shows its therapeutic
effects due to its lipoidal structure.

27. Disimilarities
 Sneha Kalpana is itself a medication , while liposomes are mere carriers that deliver the
drug to a particular site.
 Oil/ Ghritas have their own therapeutic value and when kalka and kwatha dravyas are
processed in them , their therapeutic property will enhance by the process of “Samskara”.
As one research showed that , Ghrita of Guduchi is therapeutically more efficacious than
swarasa and Kwatha of Guduchi.
 Liposomes are inert and get degraded after delivering the drug to target site.
 In Ayurveda, the concept of targeted drug delivery can’t be possible because the disease
manifests due to imbalance among the Doshas, Dhatus, Malas , Agni vaishamya and
Aaamotpatti.
 Hence one cannot fix the target organ for any disease manifestation.
 Till now there are no such researches done, that can reveal the Pharmaco-dynanmics of
oleganious medications.
 Henceforth, there will be a need to explore the unrevealed facts in the field of oleganious
medicaments of Ayurveda.

28. Discussion / Conclusion
 Sneha Kalpana is pharamaceutical dosage form involving mass transfer of the
aqueous and lipid-soluble active principles of all treated herbal drugs and material
of animal and mineral origin.
 Both oil/ ghrita have their own therapeutic indications , when processed with herbal
drugs enhance their therapeutic efficacy as evidenced by various researches.
 As cell wall is made up of phospholipids , hence the cellular uptake of oleganious
preparation is enchanced, either applied topically or taken per oral.
 Liposomes are a targeted drug delivery system, consist of an aqueous volume
entrapped by one or more bilayers of natural and/or synthetic lipids.
 They release the drug to the target site and get degraded, having no therapeutic
efficacy.
 Liposomes are also available in sustained and controlled released forms, they
enhance the bioavailability of a drug because enteric absorption and degradation is
trounced.

29.  Glycerosome is one of its variant of Liposome having certain advantages
over it such as improved stability, fluidity, entrapment and penetration in
comparison to conventional liposome.
 Glycerosome are only meant for topical and transdermal drug delivery.
 There are certain similarities among liposome and Sneha – kalpana, like
their structure and penetration to the deeper tissues.
 However, liposome is meant to administer drug to the target site , having
no therapeutic action while Sneha- Kalpana is itself a form of drug having
both water and lipid soluble active constituents of herbal drugs.
 There is need to understand the PK/ PD of Sneha Kalpana and then any co-
relation can be justified.

30. References
 Acharya agnivesh, charak samhita hindi commentary vidhyotini teeka, pandit
kashinath shastri, edition 2012,chaukhambha bharti academy,Varanasi,1st part, sutra
sthan, chapter 13, 161
 Acharya agnivesh, charak samhita hindi commentary vidhyotini teeka, pandit
kashinath shastri, edition 2012,chaukhambha bharti academy,Varanasi,2 part, kalpa
sthan, chapter 12th, pg.no. 957
 Pandit parshuram shastri, Shrangdhar samhita, Madhyam khand, samskrita
commentary, Gudartha Deepika,6th edition, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi ,2010,
212,213,215
 Acharya Siddhinandan mishra, Bhaishajya kalpana-vigyan, chaukhambha surbharti
prakashan, edition 2015, pg.no. 22
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