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Historical backround of rasashastra
- 2. Introduction इह खल्वायुवेदं नामोपाग्ङमथवववेदस्यानुत्पाद्यैव्रजाःा श्लोकशतसहस्रमध्यायसहस्रं च कृ तवान् स्वयम्भ ततोऽल्पायुष्यमल्पमेधस्त्वं चालोक्य नराणां ्भयोऽष्टधा ्रजणीतवान् ॥ (सु.सभ.१/६)Athrvaveda Ayurveda Shoka- shatasahastra Adhyaya- sahastra Ashtanga
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- 5. • Rasasastra isa supportive branch to Ashtanga Ayurveda which had developed in medieval period i.e. 8th / 9th Cent. A.D. and onwards. ्रजधानं भ्षगर तु; तदनु ्ेषाःं, चचककत्सायां ्रजधानकारण्भतत्वात्(चक्र)
- 6. Rasasatra “रसनात ् सर्वधातूनाां रस इत्यभिधधयते। तम् अधधकृ त्यकृ तां शास्त्रां रसशास्त्रां ॥” • Although the word “Rasa” literally means “Mercury” & “Rasasastra” is therefore translated as science of ‘Mercury’. • In other word we can define Rasasastra as it is essentially the science of inorganic pharmaceutical preparations of Ayurveda.
- 7. Rasasastra Pratipadya Vishaya रसोपरसलोहाननयन्त्राददकरणानन च शुध्यथवमपप लोहानां तन्त्राददकरणानन च शुधध्द सत्वं द्रुनत्वस्मकरणं च ्रजवष्यतयते॥ (र.र.समु.१)
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- 9. Dehavada • Parada wasused for Jeevan mukti by Raseswar Darshana which was ultimate aim of Rasasastra. • When Parada undergoes different procedures like Ashtadasha samskara’ it becomes so much potent and known as ‘Mahushadha – Haragauri Rasa’
- 10. The Kramana samskara “यथालोहे तथा देहे कतवव्य सुतक सदा, समानं कु रुते देपव। ्रजपवशन देहलोहयो पभवं लोह पररक्षेत्, ततो देहे ्रजयोाःयेत्॥”
- 11. Dhatuvada • Due touse of Kramana samskara the new utility of Rasasastra was found by Rasa scholars, which was Dhatuvada. • In which Ashtadhasha samskarit Parada was being used to convert lower metals like Iorn to higher metals like Gold. • But during the course of time the main aim, Dehavada was totally replaced by Lohavada for Ayshwarya prapti & Dhana prapti.
- 12. Chikitsavada • During theBoudhakala Rasasastra was in its peak popularity. • In late Boudhakala priority of the Rasasastra was change from the Dhatuvada to the Chikitsavada. • So from that period Rasasastra was being used to strengthen the body and to cure various diseases.
- 13. ‘Rasavidyaavtarana’ Mahadev Parvati Shivasuchara Nandi Bhardvaja Agstya Pulastya 22 Shishyasof Pulastya Dhanvantari
- 14. Development of Rasasastra •In Satyayuga – • Maharshi Bharadwaja brings Rasachikitsa on Martyaloka • In Tratayuga – • Shri Ramchandra, Bhairava, Ravana – Spread it in south India • In Dvaparyuga – • Mahrshi Patanjalee, Matta, Mandavya, Vyadi, Bhimsena, Mayadanava, Nakula Sahadeva, Shishupala, Tarasandha – spreads it in western part of India • During Kaliyuga – • Boudha Bhagvan Spreads it. After Boudha Dharma Vaidya Samaj spread it. • During the company govt, period the ancient literatures republished
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- 16. Vedic period • Atharvaveda – Kanda 2, sukta3, mantra 4-8 – Loha, Trapu • Atharva veda – Kanda1, sukta35 – Hiranya dharana & its internal use • Atharva veda – Kanda 7, sukta50 – Parada • Chandogya upanishada (6-1to5) – Tikshanaloha used as medicine
- 17. • Manu smriti– • For Jatkarma – hiranya madhusarpi • For new born – suvarna bhasma lehya • Vishnu Dhrmottar Puran – • Abhraka druti was explained • Markandeya Purana – • Rasa was used as medicine • Mahabharta – • Krutrim suvarna nirman vidhi was explained
- 18. Samhita period 1. Charakasamhita - – Charaka chikitsa 3/4 • Manhashila, Haritala, Kasisa are used for external application for purpose of external application – Charaka chikitsa 1 (3 rasayanapada) 15-23 • Lohadi rasyana for Rasayana karma – Charaka chikitsa 1 (3 rasayanapada) 48-65 • Shilajatu Rasayana used as rasyana & vajikarna
- 19. • Charaka chikitsa4/79 – Vaidurya, Mukta, Manibhasama, Garika, shhankha, suvarna bhasma has used in Udka Kalpana for Raktapitta chikitsa. • Charaka chikitsa 7/70 – Gandhaka, Parada & suvaranamakshika has used as lepana in kushtha chikitsa. • Charaka chikitsa 13/73 – In Kaphaja udara roga – Ayaskruti • Charaka chikitsa 16 – Different types of Loha, Tapya, Adrija, Raopya, Makshika etc. has used in Varity of yogas for Panduchikitsa
- 20. • Charaka chikitsa17/125 to 128 – Mukta, praval, vaidurya, shankha, sphatika, anjana, Gandhaka has used in Shvasa vyadhi as Muktadya churna with madhu & sarpi. • Charaka chikitsa 23/239 – Tamra used in garavisha for vamana & Suvarna with madhu as vishagha yoga. • Charaka chikitsa 23/252 – Vajra, Markata, Vishamushika, Vaidurya are used for sarpadanshanivaran • Charaka chikitsa 26/152 – Manhashila used as pradhaman nasya in kaphaja pratishyaya
- 21. • Charaka chikitsa26/266 – Manhashila, Hartal, Yavakshara, Saindhava, has used in PitakCHuna to treat mukharoga • Charaka chikitsa 7/88 – Trapu, Sisa, Loha, churna used in mandal kushtha for external application • Charaka chikitsa 16 – Different types of Loha, Tapya, Adrija, Roupya, Makshika etc. are used in varity of yogas for Panduchikista. • Charaka chikitsa 13/73 – In kaphaja udar raga ayaskruti is mentioned.
- 22. 2. Sushruta samhita- • Sushruta sutra 37/14 – Trapvadi gana which includes all the metals and used as- Garakrimihara param • Sushruta chikitsa 9/60 – Gandhaka is used in Mahavajrataila for kushta chikitsa • Sushruta chikitsa 10/11-12 – Ayaskruti preparation is mentioned in Mahakustha chikitsa internally • Sushruta chikitsa 25/29 – Parade used externally in Ghruta from for kushta, vaipadika • Sushruta kalpa 2/5 – Fenashma was first time introduced in Ayurvediya samhita.
- 23. 3. Ashtanga Sangrha& Hrudaya • Ashtanga sangraha chikitsa 19/84 – Siktha, Sindoor, Tutha, Tarkshya are used in taila form for vicharchika. • Ashtanga sangraha chikitsa 30/13-14 – Bhasma nirmana vidhi mentioned • Ashtanga sangraha chikitsa 30/18 – For Lohamarana Bhanupaka vidhi introduced • Ashtanga sangraha uttarasthan 50/245 – Shukravaradhanartha kalpa explained which contain Parada, Gandhaka, and Shilajatu etc. • Vagbhatacharya introduced Andhamusha first time
- 24. Chanakya’s period • Atthat time three types of Suvarana used – – Jatiroop (native) – Rasavidha (from vedha of mercury) – Akarodbhav (from ores) • In this period lohavidya is in its peak level of development. • Suvarna made from Rasa i.e. Parada is mentioned as Rasavidha. • For suvarna shodhana they used sisakam & for suvarna vikrutikaran they used Hingulam.
- 25. Varaha Mihira’s period •Although he was the Acharya of Jyotishastra, he had the basic knowledge of Ayurveda and also of Rasasastra. • In his literature he explains all Dhatu, Ratna, Manhashila, Gairika etc. • He also made a shukravardhak kalpa which includes Parada, Makshika, Loha bhasma, Gandhaka, Shilajatu. This kalpa resembles with the shukra vardhaka yoga of Ashtanga Sangraha. • He again explains the payanavidhi of Shastra.
- 26. Development after 8thcentury 1. Nagarjunacharya. (8th century) • The Rasasastra mainly developed in 8th century by Rasasidha Nagarjuna. So he has known as first Acharya of Rasasastra. He learned this knowledge from Acharya Sarabha in Nalanda Vidyapitha. • He knows about Mayurividya and krutrim Suvarana nirmana from Parada, so he said that “भसध्दे रसे कररष्याभम ननरदाररद्र्यं इदं ाःगत ्”
- 27. 2. Vyadi (9thcentury) • He is a one of the rasasidha acharya. • Literature – Rasasidha Shastra, Dhatuvada Shastra 3. Acharya Gorakshanath (12th century) • He made the Khechari Gutika and suvarna nirmanartha gutika kalpa. 4. Rasa vagbhata (13th century) • He wrote a book on Rasashastra named as Ras Ratna Sammuchaya which has many Rasakalpa descriptions. • It is the best book of Rasasastra now days.
- 28. 5. Acharya Nityanath(13th century) – He explained krutrim Manikya nirmana & Indranil nirmana in his book – Rasaratnakara. 6. Acharya Sadanada Sharma (20th century) – Acharya wrote ‘ Rastrarangini’ which has some advance procedures of Raskalpa nirman vidhi. He mentioned some acids like sulphuric acid, sorakamla, Lavanamal, & also oxygen suvarnamandal, rajatmandal, suvarnalavan etc. – This book is very famous now days for Rasaushadhi Nirmana.