In this paper, a new active snubber circuit is
developed for PFC converter. This active snubber circuit
provides zero voltage transition (ZVT) turn on and zero
current transition (ZCT) turn off for the main switch
without any extra current or voltage stresses. Auxiliary
switch turns on and off with zero current switching (ZCS)
without voltage stress. Although there is a current stress
on the auxiliary switch, it is decreased by diverting it to
the output side with coupling inductance. The proposed
PFC converter controls output current and voltage in
very wide line and load range. This PFC converter has
simple structure, low cost and ease of control as well. In
this study, a detailed steady state analysis of the new
converter is presented, and the theoretical analysis is
verified exactly by 100 kHz and 300 W prototype. This
prototype has 98% total efficiency and 0.99 power factor
with sinusoidal current shape.
A New Active Snubber Circuit for PFC ConverterIDES Editor
In this paper, a new active snubber circuit is
developed for PFC converter. This active snubber circuit
provides zero voltage transition (ZVT) turn on and zero current
transition (ZCT) turn off for the main switch without any
extra current or voltage stresses. Auxiliary switch turns on
and off with zero current switching (ZCS) without voltage
stress. Although there is a current stress on the auxiliary
switch, it is decreased by diverting it to the output side with
coupling inductance. The proposed PFC converter controls
output current and voltage in very wide line and load range.
This PFC converter has simple structure, low cost and ease of
control as well. In this study, a detailed steady state analysis
of the new converter is presented, and the theoretical analysis
is verified exactly by 100 kHz and 300 W prototype. This
prototype has 98% total efficiency and 0.99 power factor with
sinusoidal current shape.
This document proposes a new zero voltage and zero current switching (ZVZCS) full bridge converter to improve performance over existing converters. The proposed circuit utilizes the leakage inductance of the transformer as a secondary resonance without needing an additional inductor. This allows zero voltage switching for leading switches and zero current switching for lagging switches across the entire operating range. The analysis and design considerations of the proposed converter are presented, including conditions for achieving soft switching of all switches.
This document provides an overview of basic relay driving circuits. It discusses how relays require a minimum current to activate their coils and stay energized. Simple circuits are presented using transistors or a 555 timer IC to allow low-power control of relays with higher current coils. The 555 IC circuit requires less input current than transistor circuits. Diodes are recommended to protect components from voltage spikes when relays deactivate.
Zuken - Improve pcb quality and cost with concurrent power integrity analysis...Zuken
This document discusses power integrity challenges in modern PCB design and introduces an EDA methodology for concurrent power integrity simulation throughout the PCB design process. It covers topics like IC switching current needs, power distribution system impedance behavior, decoupling capacitor placement considerations, and examples of using power integrity simulation to optimize PCB designs. The methodology aims to identify power integrity issues earlier to improve quality and reduce costs compared to traditional verification later in the design flow.
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage GainIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a proposed soft-switching DC/DC converter with high voltage gain. The proposed converter uses zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) techniques to reduce switching losses and improve efficiency. It provides a continuous input current and high voltage gain using a coupled inductor cell. Experimental results on a 200W prototype show the converter achieves soft switching and provides a 24V to 360V conversion with high efficiency.
This document presents a soft-switching two-switch resonant AC-DC converter that achieves high power factor and efficiency. The converter integrates a boost power factor correction circuit with a two-switch resonant converter. This allows it to achieve soft-switching, reduce component stress, and recycle energy stored in transformer leakage inductance. Simulation results show the converter achieves a power factor of 0.9 and soft-switching of the main switches and output diodes to reduce losses. The converter provides high efficiency power conversion with a simple control scheme.
The document discusses tunnel diodes and their operation. It explains that tunnel diodes use quantum tunneling effects to allow electrons to pass through a potential barrier. The document then provides energy band diagrams and descriptions of tunnel diode operation under forward and reverse bias. It discusses their applications as oscillators, switches, logic devices and amplifiers. The document also compares tunnel diodes to conventional PN diodes and describes other specialized electronic devices like varactor diodes and photodiodes.
A New Soft-Switched Resonant DC-DC ConverterIDES Editor
This paper presents a new soft-switched resonant dcdc
converter using a passive snubber circuit. The proposed
converter uses a new zero voltage and zero current switching
(ZVZCS) strategies to get ZVZCS function. Besides operating
at constant frequency, all semiconductor devices operate at
soft-switching without additional voltage and current stresses.
In order to validate the proposed converter, computer
simulations and experimental results were conducted. The
paper indicates the effective converter operation region of the
soft-switching action and its efficiency improvement results
on the basis of experimental evaluations using laboratory
prototype.
A New Active Snubber Circuit for PFC ConverterIDES Editor
In this paper, a new active snubber circuit is
developed for PFC converter. This active snubber circuit
provides zero voltage transition (ZVT) turn on and zero current
transition (ZCT) turn off for the main switch without any
extra current or voltage stresses. Auxiliary switch turns on
and off with zero current switching (ZCS) without voltage
stress. Although there is a current stress on the auxiliary
switch, it is decreased by diverting it to the output side with
coupling inductance. The proposed PFC converter controls
output current and voltage in very wide line and load range.
This PFC converter has simple structure, low cost and ease of
control as well. In this study, a detailed steady state analysis
of the new converter is presented, and the theoretical analysis
is verified exactly by 100 kHz and 300 W prototype. This
prototype has 98% total efficiency and 0.99 power factor with
sinusoidal current shape.
This document proposes a new zero voltage and zero current switching (ZVZCS) full bridge converter to improve performance over existing converters. The proposed circuit utilizes the leakage inductance of the transformer as a secondary resonance without needing an additional inductor. This allows zero voltage switching for leading switches and zero current switching for lagging switches across the entire operating range. The analysis and design considerations of the proposed converter are presented, including conditions for achieving soft switching of all switches.
This document provides an overview of basic relay driving circuits. It discusses how relays require a minimum current to activate their coils and stay energized. Simple circuits are presented using transistors or a 555 timer IC to allow low-power control of relays with higher current coils. The 555 IC circuit requires less input current than transistor circuits. Diodes are recommended to protect components from voltage spikes when relays deactivate.
Zuken - Improve pcb quality and cost with concurrent power integrity analysis...Zuken
This document discusses power integrity challenges in modern PCB design and introduces an EDA methodology for concurrent power integrity simulation throughout the PCB design process. It covers topics like IC switching current needs, power distribution system impedance behavior, decoupling capacitor placement considerations, and examples of using power integrity simulation to optimize PCB designs. The methodology aims to identify power integrity issues earlier to improve quality and reduce costs compared to traditional verification later in the design flow.
A Soft-Switching DC/DC Converter with High Voltage GainIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a proposed soft-switching DC/DC converter with high voltage gain. The proposed converter uses zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) techniques to reduce switching losses and improve efficiency. It provides a continuous input current and high voltage gain using a coupled inductor cell. Experimental results on a 200W prototype show the converter achieves soft switching and provides a 24V to 360V conversion with high efficiency.
This document presents a soft-switching two-switch resonant AC-DC converter that achieves high power factor and efficiency. The converter integrates a boost power factor correction circuit with a two-switch resonant converter. This allows it to achieve soft-switching, reduce component stress, and recycle energy stored in transformer leakage inductance. Simulation results show the converter achieves a power factor of 0.9 and soft-switching of the main switches and output diodes to reduce losses. The converter provides high efficiency power conversion with a simple control scheme.
The document discusses tunnel diodes and their operation. It explains that tunnel diodes use quantum tunneling effects to allow electrons to pass through a potential barrier. The document then provides energy band diagrams and descriptions of tunnel diode operation under forward and reverse bias. It discusses their applications as oscillators, switches, logic devices and amplifiers. The document also compares tunnel diodes to conventional PN diodes and describes other specialized electronic devices like varactor diodes and photodiodes.
A New Soft-Switched Resonant DC-DC ConverterIDES Editor
This paper presents a new soft-switched resonant dcdc
converter using a passive snubber circuit. The proposed
converter uses a new zero voltage and zero current switching
(ZVZCS) strategies to get ZVZCS function. Besides operating
at constant frequency, all semiconductor devices operate at
soft-switching without additional voltage and current stresses.
In order to validate the proposed converter, computer
simulations and experimental results were conducted. The
paper indicates the effective converter operation region of the
soft-switching action and its efficiency improvement results
on the basis of experimental evaluations using laboratory
prototype.
This document summarizes the simulation of a 5kW/20kHz soft switched DC-DC converter. It presents the design and circuit topology of a full-bridge soft switched converter using IGBTs. The converter achieves zero-voltage switching through resonance between the transformer leakage inductance and switch output capacitance. Simulation results show the converter operates at 20kHz with 415V input and 28V/215A output while realizing zero-voltage switching turn-on of the IGBTs. Key waveforms like input voltage, switching pulses, rectifier output, and transformer voltages are presented.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Single-Stage Bridgeless Boost- Flyback PFC Conv...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that designs and analyzes a single-stage bridgeless boost-flyback power factor correction (PFC) converter with a snubber circuit. The circuit is designed to output 54V and 80W at a switching frequency of 60 kHz. It uses a snubber circuit to clamp voltage spikes on the switches and recycle energy from the leakage inductor, improving efficiency. Through simulation, the circuit achieves improved power factor compared to a conventional bridgeless boost-flyback PFC converter. The design divides a single DC-link capacitor into two parts, one for snubbing and one for the DC link, reducing voltage stress on components.
The document discusses oscillators and feedback amplifiers. It defines positive and negative feedback, and describes their effects on gain. Oscillators generate an output signal without an external input through the use of positive feedback in an amplifier circuit. The two main types of oscillators are sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillators. Common oscillator circuits discussed include the RC phase shift oscillator, Hartley oscillator, and common emitter amplifier configuration.
The document describes a multiple output power supply design for a DVD player with the following key points:
1. It provides 7.5W of continuous output power and 13W of peak power with outputs of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and -12V regulated using a TinySwitch-PK controller in a flyback topology.
2. It achieves good cross-regulation between the 5V and 3.3V outputs through minimizing leakage and sum regulating the feedback.
3. It includes features for EMI filtering, surge protection, clamping, and a unique peak mode for boosting current limit during peaks loads.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document analyzes different snubbing methods that can be used for an isolated Cuk converter in a DC-AC inverter to reduce voltage and current overshoots during switching transitions. It discusses using capacitors, soft switching, and switched capacitor snubbing. Soft switching works by designing inductors so that switch current goes negative, but it has drawbacks like requiring large capacitors to handle high ripple currents and not working at low duty cycles when load current is still high. Switched capacitor snubbing uses capacitors in series with switches to absorb energy during transitions without discharging into the switch.
This document discusses different types of oscillators, including RC oscillators and LC oscillators. RC oscillators are useful for frequencies up to 1 MHz and include Wien bridge, phase-shift, and double T-filter oscillators. LC oscillators are better for higher frequencies above 1 MHz due to limitations of opamps. Specific oscillator circuits are described, including the Wien bridge configuration and conditions for oscillation. The Colpitts oscillator uses transistors for amplification at higher frequencies.
This document provides an introduction to bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It discusses that BJTs are made of two back-to-back p-n junctions and are three-layer devices consisting of either two n-type and one p-type layers or two p-type and one n-type layers. The document describes the formation and operation of p-n-p and n-p-n transistors. It discusses forward biasing of the emitter-base junction, the majority and minority carrier currents, and the different current components in BJTs. The document also covers the common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector configurations and their input and output characteristics.
Neutralization is a technique used to cancel feedback in bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs) that can cause instability over certain frequency ranges. This is done by introducing an additional feedback signal of equal amplitude but opposite phase to cancel the original feedback. In a neutralized transistor circuit, a negative capacitor is typically used to introduce this additional feedback signal. The Hazeltine neutralization method uses a variable capacitor connected from the bottom of an RF amplifier coil to the transistor base to neutralize the feedback from the collector-base capacitance. A modified version called Neutrodyne neutralization connects the capacitor to the secondary coil of the next stage for improved stability and insensitivity to supply voltage variations.
PI with Fuzzy Logic Controller based APLC for compensating harmonic and react...IDES Editor
This article explores design and analysis of
proportional integrator (PI) along with Fuzzy Logic controller
(FLC) based Shunt active power line conditioners (APLC) for
compensating reactive power and harmonic currents drawn
by the load. The aim is to study different control strategies for
real time compensating current harmonics at different power
conditions. The compensation process is based on calculation
of unit sine vector and reduces the dc capacitor ripple voltage
of the PWM-VSI by using PI with fuzzy logic controller. The
switching is done according to gating signals obtained from
hysteresis band current controller and capacitor voltage is
continuously maintained constant. The shunt APLC is
investigated through Matlab/Simulink simulation under
different steady state and transient conditions using PI, FLC
and PI with FLC. The results demonstrate that combination
of PI with FLC is a better solution that reduces the settling
time of the DC capacitor, suppresses harmonics and reactive
power in the load current(s)
This document contains notes on transistor amplifiers. It begins by defining terms like voltage gain, current gain, and power gain. It then provides explanations of different transistor configurations including common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector. Circuit diagrams and explanations of single-stage and multistage RC coupled amplifiers are provided. The document also discusses topics like frequency response curves, types of coupling, classifications of power amplifiers, and comparisons of different amplifier classes. Questions and answers on these topics are included throughout.
Prof. Cuk invited talk at APEC 2011 plenary session to celebrate
35 years of his creation of this modeling and analysis method.
This talk was also recorded on video by IEEE.tv and can be viewed together. Here is a link to that video.
https://youtu.be/BLx57J2fF5w
Note: first few minutes of the video is Prof. Cuk's interview made after his presentation. This is thern followed by full 25 minutes presentation, which can be followed by the enclosed 67 slides.
This document contains notes on power supply circuits and rectifiers. It includes questions and answers on half wave and full wave rectifiers, their circuit diagrams, working principles and waveforms. Filter circuits and types of filters are discussed. Voltage regulators including shunt, series and zener diode regulators are also covered. Comparisons are made between different rectifier and regulator circuits. Applications and working principles are explained through diagrams.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The Analysis of Dead Time on Switching Loss in High and Low Side MOSFETs of Z...IDES Editor
This work is about the analysis of dead time variation
on switching losses in a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)
synchronous buck converter (SBC) circuit. In high frequency
converter circuits, switching losses are commonly linked with
high and low side switches of SBC circuit. They are activated
externally by the gate driver circuit. The duty ratio, dead time
and resonant inductor are the parameters that affect the
efficiency of the circuit. These variables can be adjusted for
the optimization purposes. The study primarily focuses on
varying the settings of input pulses of the MOSFETs in the
resonant gate driver circuit which consequently affects the
performance of the ZVS synchronous buck converter circuit.
Using the predetermined inductor of 9 nH, the frequency is
maintained at 1 MHz for each cycle transition. The switching
loss graph is obtained and switching losses for both S1 and S2
are calculated and compared to the findings from previous
work. It has shown a decrease in losses by 13.8 % in S1. A dead
time of 15 ns has been determined to be optimized value in
the SBC design.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document contains notes on electronic devices and semiconductor physics. It covers topics such as valence and conduction bands, doping, PN junction diodes, BJTs, and JFETs. Key points include:
- Valence bands are filled with electrons while conduction bands are empty or partially filled. Doping adds impurities to semiconductors.
- PN junction diodes allow current flow in one direction and block it in the other. Zener diodes conduct in reverse bias above the breakdown voltage.
- BJTs are current-controlled devices with emitter, base, and collector regions. Current gain parameters are alpha and beta.
- JFETs are voltage-controlled
There are several types of power supplies that can be used for electronic circuits. A basic power supply consists of a transformer, rectifier, and smoothing capacitor. More advanced supplies also include a voltage regulator. The transformer steps down the high voltage mains power. The rectifier converts AC to DC. Smoothing reduces voltage fluctuations. Regulators ensure a constant output voltage. Some circuits require a dual supply with both positive and negative outputs.
This document discusses the design of a CMOS sampling switch for ultra-low power analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used in biomedical applications. It analyzes general switch design constraints such as thermal noise, sampling time jitter, switch-induced error, tracking bandwidth, and voltage droop. Based on the analyses, a leakage-reduced CMOS sampling switch is designed for a 10-bit 1-kS/s successive approximation ADC using a 130nm CMOS process. Post-layout simulation shows the proposed switch offers an effective number of bits of 9.5 while consuming only 64 nW of power, meeting the ADC specification.
A New Ultra Low-Power and Noise Tolerant Circuit Technique for CMOS Domino LogicIDES Editor
Dynamic logic style is used in high performance
circuit design because of its fast speed and less transistors
requirement as compared to CMOS logic style. But it is not
widely accepted for all types of circuit implementations due
to its less noise tolerance and charge sharing problems. A
small noise at the input of the dynamic logic can change the
desired output. Domino logic uses one static CMOS inverter
at the output of dynamic node which is more noise immune
and consuming very less power as compared to other proposed
circuit. In this paper we have proposed a novel circuit for
domino logic which has less noise at the output node and has
very less power-delay product (PDP) as compared to previous
reported articles. Low PDP is achieved by using semi-dynamic
logic buffer and also reducing leakage current when PDN is
not conducting. This paper also analyses the PDP of the circuit
at very low voltage and different W/L ratio of the transistors.
A High Speed Pipelined Dynamic Circuit Implementation Using Modified TSPC Log...IDES Editor
This document presents a modified True Single Phase Clock (TSPC) logic design style to implement high-speed pipelined circuits with improved performance. The modified style reduces transistor count by 40-50% compared to the standard TSPC style by allowing logic functions to be implemented using either the N-block or P-block. A 3-bit pipelined adder was designed using the modified style and showed a 46-47% reduction in transistors and 50% reduction in clock cycles compared to the standard style. The modified style offers benefits like lower transistor count, reduced latency, increased throughput, and lower power consumption for pipelined circuits.
This document summarizes the simulation of a 5kW/20kHz soft switched DC-DC converter. It presents the design and circuit topology of a full-bridge soft switched converter using IGBTs. The converter achieves zero-voltage switching through resonance between the transformer leakage inductance and switch output capacitance. Simulation results show the converter operates at 20kHz with 415V input and 28V/215A output while realizing zero-voltage switching turn-on of the IGBTs. Key waveforms like input voltage, switching pulses, rectifier output, and transformer voltages are presented.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Single-Stage Bridgeless Boost- Flyback PFC Conv...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that designs and analyzes a single-stage bridgeless boost-flyback power factor correction (PFC) converter with a snubber circuit. The circuit is designed to output 54V and 80W at a switching frequency of 60 kHz. It uses a snubber circuit to clamp voltage spikes on the switches and recycle energy from the leakage inductor, improving efficiency. Through simulation, the circuit achieves improved power factor compared to a conventional bridgeless boost-flyback PFC converter. The design divides a single DC-link capacitor into two parts, one for snubbing and one for the DC link, reducing voltage stress on components.
The document discusses oscillators and feedback amplifiers. It defines positive and negative feedback, and describes their effects on gain. Oscillators generate an output signal without an external input through the use of positive feedback in an amplifier circuit. The two main types of oscillators are sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal oscillators. Common oscillator circuits discussed include the RC phase shift oscillator, Hartley oscillator, and common emitter amplifier configuration.
The document describes a multiple output power supply design for a DVD player with the following key points:
1. It provides 7.5W of continuous output power and 13W of peak power with outputs of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and -12V regulated using a TinySwitch-PK controller in a flyback topology.
2. It achieves good cross-regulation between the 5V and 3.3V outputs through minimizing leakage and sum regulating the feedback.
3. It includes features for EMI filtering, surge protection, clamping, and a unique peak mode for boosting current limit during peaks loads.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document analyzes different snubbing methods that can be used for an isolated Cuk converter in a DC-AC inverter to reduce voltage and current overshoots during switching transitions. It discusses using capacitors, soft switching, and switched capacitor snubbing. Soft switching works by designing inductors so that switch current goes negative, but it has drawbacks like requiring large capacitors to handle high ripple currents and not working at low duty cycles when load current is still high. Switched capacitor snubbing uses capacitors in series with switches to absorb energy during transitions without discharging into the switch.
This document discusses different types of oscillators, including RC oscillators and LC oscillators. RC oscillators are useful for frequencies up to 1 MHz and include Wien bridge, phase-shift, and double T-filter oscillators. LC oscillators are better for higher frequencies above 1 MHz due to limitations of opamps. Specific oscillator circuits are described, including the Wien bridge configuration and conditions for oscillation. The Colpitts oscillator uses transistors for amplification at higher frequencies.
This document provides an introduction to bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It discusses that BJTs are made of two back-to-back p-n junctions and are three-layer devices consisting of either two n-type and one p-type layers or two p-type and one n-type layers. The document describes the formation and operation of p-n-p and n-p-n transistors. It discusses forward biasing of the emitter-base junction, the majority and minority carrier currents, and the different current components in BJTs. The document also covers the common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector configurations and their input and output characteristics.
Neutralization is a technique used to cancel feedback in bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs) that can cause instability over certain frequency ranges. This is done by introducing an additional feedback signal of equal amplitude but opposite phase to cancel the original feedback. In a neutralized transistor circuit, a negative capacitor is typically used to introduce this additional feedback signal. The Hazeltine neutralization method uses a variable capacitor connected from the bottom of an RF amplifier coil to the transistor base to neutralize the feedback from the collector-base capacitance. A modified version called Neutrodyne neutralization connects the capacitor to the secondary coil of the next stage for improved stability and insensitivity to supply voltage variations.
PI with Fuzzy Logic Controller based APLC for compensating harmonic and react...IDES Editor
This article explores design and analysis of
proportional integrator (PI) along with Fuzzy Logic controller
(FLC) based Shunt active power line conditioners (APLC) for
compensating reactive power and harmonic currents drawn
by the load. The aim is to study different control strategies for
real time compensating current harmonics at different power
conditions. The compensation process is based on calculation
of unit sine vector and reduces the dc capacitor ripple voltage
of the PWM-VSI by using PI with fuzzy logic controller. The
switching is done according to gating signals obtained from
hysteresis band current controller and capacitor voltage is
continuously maintained constant. The shunt APLC is
investigated through Matlab/Simulink simulation under
different steady state and transient conditions using PI, FLC
and PI with FLC. The results demonstrate that combination
of PI with FLC is a better solution that reduces the settling
time of the DC capacitor, suppresses harmonics and reactive
power in the load current(s)
This document contains notes on transistor amplifiers. It begins by defining terms like voltage gain, current gain, and power gain. It then provides explanations of different transistor configurations including common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector. Circuit diagrams and explanations of single-stage and multistage RC coupled amplifiers are provided. The document also discusses topics like frequency response curves, types of coupling, classifications of power amplifiers, and comparisons of different amplifier classes. Questions and answers on these topics are included throughout.
Prof. Cuk invited talk at APEC 2011 plenary session to celebrate
35 years of his creation of this modeling and analysis method.
This talk was also recorded on video by IEEE.tv and can be viewed together. Here is a link to that video.
https://youtu.be/BLx57J2fF5w
Note: first few minutes of the video is Prof. Cuk's interview made after his presentation. This is thern followed by full 25 minutes presentation, which can be followed by the enclosed 67 slides.
This document contains notes on power supply circuits and rectifiers. It includes questions and answers on half wave and full wave rectifiers, their circuit diagrams, working principles and waveforms. Filter circuits and types of filters are discussed. Voltage regulators including shunt, series and zener diode regulators are also covered. Comparisons are made between different rectifier and regulator circuits. Applications and working principles are explained through diagrams.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The Analysis of Dead Time on Switching Loss in High and Low Side MOSFETs of Z...IDES Editor
This work is about the analysis of dead time variation
on switching losses in a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)
synchronous buck converter (SBC) circuit. In high frequency
converter circuits, switching losses are commonly linked with
high and low side switches of SBC circuit. They are activated
externally by the gate driver circuit. The duty ratio, dead time
and resonant inductor are the parameters that affect the
efficiency of the circuit. These variables can be adjusted for
the optimization purposes. The study primarily focuses on
varying the settings of input pulses of the MOSFETs in the
resonant gate driver circuit which consequently affects the
performance of the ZVS synchronous buck converter circuit.
Using the predetermined inductor of 9 nH, the frequency is
maintained at 1 MHz for each cycle transition. The switching
loss graph is obtained and switching losses for both S1 and S2
are calculated and compared to the findings from previous
work. It has shown a decrease in losses by 13.8 % in S1. A dead
time of 15 ns has been determined to be optimized value in
the SBC design.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document contains notes on electronic devices and semiconductor physics. It covers topics such as valence and conduction bands, doping, PN junction diodes, BJTs, and JFETs. Key points include:
- Valence bands are filled with electrons while conduction bands are empty or partially filled. Doping adds impurities to semiconductors.
- PN junction diodes allow current flow in one direction and block it in the other. Zener diodes conduct in reverse bias above the breakdown voltage.
- BJTs are current-controlled devices with emitter, base, and collector regions. Current gain parameters are alpha and beta.
- JFETs are voltage-controlled
There are several types of power supplies that can be used for electronic circuits. A basic power supply consists of a transformer, rectifier, and smoothing capacitor. More advanced supplies also include a voltage regulator. The transformer steps down the high voltage mains power. The rectifier converts AC to DC. Smoothing reduces voltage fluctuations. Regulators ensure a constant output voltage. Some circuits require a dual supply with both positive and negative outputs.
This document discusses the design of a CMOS sampling switch for ultra-low power analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used in biomedical applications. It analyzes general switch design constraints such as thermal noise, sampling time jitter, switch-induced error, tracking bandwidth, and voltage droop. Based on the analyses, a leakage-reduced CMOS sampling switch is designed for a 10-bit 1-kS/s successive approximation ADC using a 130nm CMOS process. Post-layout simulation shows the proposed switch offers an effective number of bits of 9.5 while consuming only 64 nW of power, meeting the ADC specification.
A New Ultra Low-Power and Noise Tolerant Circuit Technique for CMOS Domino LogicIDES Editor
Dynamic logic style is used in high performance
circuit design because of its fast speed and less transistors
requirement as compared to CMOS logic style. But it is not
widely accepted for all types of circuit implementations due
to its less noise tolerance and charge sharing problems. A
small noise at the input of the dynamic logic can change the
desired output. Domino logic uses one static CMOS inverter
at the output of dynamic node which is more noise immune
and consuming very less power as compared to other proposed
circuit. In this paper we have proposed a novel circuit for
domino logic which has less noise at the output node and has
very less power-delay product (PDP) as compared to previous
reported articles. Low PDP is achieved by using semi-dynamic
logic buffer and also reducing leakage current when PDN is
not conducting. This paper also analyses the PDP of the circuit
at very low voltage and different W/L ratio of the transistors.
A High Speed Pipelined Dynamic Circuit Implementation Using Modified TSPC Log...IDES Editor
This document presents a modified True Single Phase Clock (TSPC) logic design style to implement high-speed pipelined circuits with improved performance. The modified style reduces transistor count by 40-50% compared to the standard TSPC style by allowing logic functions to be implemented using either the N-block or P-block. A 3-bit pipelined adder was designed using the modified style and showed a 46-47% reduction in transistors and 50% reduction in clock cycles compared to the standard style. The modified style offers benefits like lower transistor count, reduced latency, increased throughput, and lower power consumption for pipelined circuits.
High performance low leakage power full subtractor circuit design using rate ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
4x4-bit 2PASCL Multiplier by Nazrul Anuar Nayannazrulanuar
The document summarizes a paper on Two-Phase Clocked Adiabatic Static CMOS Logic (2PASCL). It introduces 2PASCL, which uses adiabatic switching to reduce power dissipation. It describes the principle and analysis of 2PASCL, presents application circuits including a 4-bit adder and 4x4-bit multiplier, and discusses the LSI implementation of a 4x4-bit 2PASCL multiplier chip in a 1.2um CMOS process. Simulation and measurement results show the 2PASCL circuits dissipate 35-77% less power compared to equivalent CMOS designs.
The document describes an ultra-low power asynchronous logic in-situ self-adaptive VDD system for wireless sensor networks. The proposed system uses quasi-delay-insensitive asynchronous logic implemented with pre-charged static logic circuits. It features a self-adaptive VDD scaling system that dynamically adjusts the supply voltage based on processing requirements to minimize power consumption while operating robustly in the sub-threshold voltage region. The system design includes an asynchronous filter bank module powered by the adjustable VDD rail and a power management module that monitors circuit delays to determine the optimal VDD setting.
This document lists VLSI IEEE projects from 2016. It provides project codes and names for 24 projects related to areas like multipliers, floating point arithmetic, DSP acceleration, FIR filters, error correction codes, FFTs, modular arithmetic, and neuromorphic circuits. The document also provides contact information for Newzen Infotech, the organization hosting the projects. Most projects are listed as in the "Front End" stage, but a few related to analog/mixed-signal design and low-power circuits are in the "Back End" stage.
This ppt is about full adder design using pass transistor logic. This circuit describe power reduction using proposed cell as standard element in technology library design for ultra low power. we provide guidance to m.tech students in thier final year research projects. We assist on IEEE projects to M.tech or PhD students. Students can contact us for VLSI Projects, Antenna Projects, MATLAB Projects
POWER EFFICIENT ALU DESIGN WITH CLOCK AND CONTROL-SIGNAL GATING TECHNIQUEAnil Yadav
To design a low power processor, low power Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is required, since ALU is one of the core components and most power hungry sections in a microprocessor that carries out the arithmetic and logic operations. Clock gating is the power saving technique used for low power design, it switches off the module which is not active as decided by selection line.
This techniques is applied in ALU to reduce clock power and dynamic power consumption of ALU. Control signal gating technique provides power saving by reducing unnecessary switching activity on datapath buses, when a bus is not going to be used and it will be held in a quiescent state by stopping the propagation of switching activity through the module(s) driving the bus. For
designing a proposed Power Efficient ALU, both the clock gating and the control-signal gating techniques are introduced for minimizing the clock power and to reduce the unnecessary switching activity of data path. Functionality of proposed ALU is verified by using Xilinx tool and power analysis is carried out by using Xilinx X’Power analysis tool.
An introduction to digital signal processors 1Hossam Hassan
This document provides an introduction to digital signal processors (DSPs). It discusses the history and evolution of computers and microprocessors. DSPs were introduced in 1983 and were specifically designed for digital signal processing applications like telecommunications. The document outlines the system architecture of DSPs and discusses Von Neumann and Harvard architectures. It also covers criteria for choosing a microprocessor, including instruction set functionality, architecture, speed, and power consumption. Building blocks of embedded systems like the microprocessor, memory, peripherals, and bus system are described.
A Novel Low Power Energy Efficient SRAM Cell With Reduced Power Consumption u...iosrjce
In modern high performance integrated circuits, maximum of the total active mode energy is
consumed due to leakage current. SRAM cell array is main source of leakage current since majority of
transistor are utilized for on-chip memory in today high performance microprocessor and system on chip
designs. Therefore the design of low leakage SRAM is required. Reducing power dissipation, supply voltage,
leakage currents, area of chip are the most important parameters in today`s VLSI designs. But scaling of these
parameters will lead to drastic increase in sub threshold leakage currents and power dissipation because of that
performance of the design is degraded. So to overcome these issues it is better to concentrate on reduction of
active leakage currents and dynamic power dissipation by using power reduction techniques. In this paper 9T
SRAM (data retention p-gated) cell for low voltage and energy constrain application is analyzed with respect to
power dissipation, area and delay. The analyzed design of 9T SRAM cell with MTCMOS technique has been
proposed. Designed circuits are simulated in Microwind 3.1 VLSI CAD Tool in 90 and 65nm CMOS technology.
1. Benign and malignant neoplasms can occur in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Common benign neoplasms include osteomas, fibrous dysplasias, inverted papillomas, and hemangiomas. Common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity.
2. Presenting symptoms vary depending on the location and extent of the tumor but may include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, facial pain or swelling. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, imaging like CT scans, and biopsy.
3. Treatment involves surgical excision and may also include radiation therapy or chemotherapy, especially for malignant tumors. Surgical approaches depend on the size and location of the tumor
The document describes the Nokia Morph, a theoretical future device concept based on nanotechnology. The Morph would have a flexible, stretchable design and transparent electronics, enabled by advances in nanomaterials and manufacturing. It was a collaboration between Nokia Research Center and Cambridge University to envision mobile technology of the future. While not yet commercially available, the Morph concept demonstrates the potential of nanotechnology to transform device form factors and functionality through properties like self-cleaning, sensing, and energy harvesting.
This document discusses the radiological anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and provides guidance on using CT scans to evaluate the anatomy. It outlines key anatomical structures visible on coronal and axial CT scans such as the frontal sinus, uncinate process, ethmoid bulla, sphenoid sinus, and their common variations. It also discusses technology advances in CT scanning and basic concepts for evaluating and positioning patients for sinus CT scans.
The memristor is a two-terminal electronic component theorized in 1971 as a fourth fundamental circuit element. In 2008, HP Labs created the first physical memristor using titanium dioxide. Memristors behave similarly to synapses in the brain and could be used to build artificial neural networks for applications like neuromorphic computing and non-volatile memory. Major companies and research institutions are now working to further develop memristors and explore their potential applications in the future.
This document provides information on various radiographic views and examinations of the head and neck region. It discusses Water's view for imaging the maxillary sinuses, basic positioning for paranasal sinus views, Caldwell's view for the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and examples of common sinus findings on radiography like mucosal thickening and retention cysts. It also summarizes techniques for imaging the nasopharynx, neck, cervical spine, trachea, and larynx. Common foreign body locations and aspiration findings are outlined. Sialography for salivary gland evaluation and bronchography are briefly described. Finally, it reviews skull radiographic views like PA, Caldwell, Chamberlain-Townes, and lateral projections as
Microprocessors and microcontrollers short answer questions and answersAbhijith Augustine
The document contains questions and answers related to microprocessors and computer architecture. It defines a microprocessor as a CPU fabricated on a single chip that fetches and executes instructions. The basic units of a microprocessor are described as an ALU, registers, and a control unit. Key features of the Intel 8086 microprocessor from 1978 are provided, such as its 16-bit architecture, instruction set, and pin configuration. The differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller are explained. [END SUMMARY]
TYPES OF MEMORIES AND STORAGE DEVICE AND COMPUTER Rajat More
Memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs and data in a computer. Main memory is divided into RAM and ROM. RAM is read-write memory that uses transistors and capacitors to store each bit. There are two types of RAM: static RAM which does not need refreshing but is expensive, and dynamic RAM which needs refreshing but has higher density. ROM is read-only and stores permanent instructions. There are also programmable ROMs like PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM that can be programmed and erased in different ways. Caches and secondary storage supplement main memory and improve performance. Common secondary storage devices include magnetic disks, tapes and optical discs.
Abstract: AC-DC soft-switching resonant converter with interleaved boost power factor corrector (PFC) is presented. In this converter, an interleaved boost PFC circuit is integrated with a soft-switching resonant converter. High power factor is achieved by the interleaved boost PFC circuit. The input current can be shared among the inductors so that high reliability, power factor and efficiency in power system can be obtained and ripples are also reduced. Another advantage of interleaved technique is reduction of THD. Thus the converter performance can be improved. The voltage across the main switches is confined to the dc-link voltage. Soft-switching operation of main switches and output diodes is achieved. Hence the switching losses are reduced significantly. Therefore, the overall efficiency is improved. Circuit is simulated with 110V AC input voltage and 45V DC output voltage is verified. Performance parameters such as voltage stress and output ripple are also analyzed. The simulation is done in PSIM. Power factor of 0.96 is achieved with this converter. For the hardware, dsPIC30F2010 is used for generating PWM pulse with switching frequency 90 kHz.
Keywords: Power factor correction (PFC), Soft switching, Resonant converter, Interleaved Boost converter.
Title: Resonant AC-DC Converter with Interleaved Boost PFC
Author: Aqulin Ouseph, Prof. Kiran Boby, Prof. Neena Mani
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
A DC-DC converter topology is presented
combining the soft switching effects of the Snubber Assisted Zero
Voltage and Zero Current Transition (SAZZ) topology and the
increased inductor frequency of the dual interleaved boost
converter with interphase transformer. The snubber capacitors
and output capacitances of the main devices are discharged prior
to turn on using a single auxiliary inductor, eliminating turn on
losses. Furthermore, the turn off losses are significantly reduced
since the energy stored in the device output capacitance at turn
off is recovered at turn on. The effectiveness of the topology is
demonstrated on a SiC prototype operating at 12.5 kW, 112 kHz,
reducing the switching losses by 50%.
Review of Step down Converter with Efficient ZVS OperationIJRST Journal
This paper presents the review of step down converter with efficient ZVS operation. The designed buck converter uses ZCS technique and the function is realized so that the power form is converted from 12V DC 5V DC (1A). A detailed analysis of zero current switching buck converters is performed and a mathematical analysis of the mode of operation is also presented. In order to reduce the switching losses in associated with conventional converters; resonant inductor and resonant capacitor (LC resonant circuit) is applied which helps to turn on-off the switch at zero current. The dc-dc buck converter receives the energy from the input source, when the switch is turned-on. The buck–buck converters have characteristics that warrant a more detailed study. The buck converters under discontinuous conduction mode /continuous conduction mode boundary.
Seminor on resonant and soft switching converterAnup Kumar
Soft Switching Techniques Are Highly Recommended To Reduce Switching Losses And Conduction Losses, During Each Turning On & Turning Off of Power Electronics Devices.
This document describes the design of a zero voltage zero current switching (ZVZCS) full bridge DC-DC converter with transformer isolation and current doubler rectifier for high power applications. The converter achieves ZVS turn-off for the lagging leg switches using the transformer leakage inductance and switch output capacitance. ZCS is achieved for the leading leg switches using an auxiliary transformer and diodes to reset the primary current. Simulation results validate the design for a 3kW load operating at 20kHz with reduced switching losses due to the soft switching techniques.
Iaetsd an interleaved boost converter integrating withIaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes a new type of high step-up converter that is suitable for renewable energy sources like solar cells. The proposed converter integrates a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors with a conventional interleaved boost converter. This allows it to achieve a high step-up gain without needing a large duty cycle. The arrangement reduces current stress and ripple, improving efficiency and component lifetime. It also recycles leakage energy back to the output, reducing voltage spikes and further improving efficiency. Analysis shows the converter can achieve a voltage gain of 10 with a duty cycle of only 0.6, or a gain of 30 with a higher turn ratio. It allows the use of low-voltage switches to reduce losses and
Zero voltage switching resonant power conversionPham Hoang
The document summarizes the technique of zero voltage switching (ZVS) in power conversion. It explores several ZVS topologies and applications. It presents the benefits of ZVS which include lossless switching transitions, reduced switching losses, and ability to operate at high voltages and frequencies with high efficiency. The document then provides equations to analyze the voltage and current waveforms in a ZVS buck converter during the different intervals of the switching cycle. It analyzes the capacitor charging, resonant, and inductor charging states that occur between the switch turning off and back on. The analysis aims to understand how ZVS facilitates switching at zero voltage to reduce switching losses.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based ZVT-ZCT PWM Boost Converter Using Renewable Ener...IOSR Journals
The document describes a novel ZVT-ZCT-PWM boost converter that uses an active snubber cell to achieve soft switching of the main switch. Key features include:
1) The main switch turns on with zero voltage transition (ZVT) and turns off with zero current transition (ZCT), achieving soft switching.
2) All semiconductor devices operate with soft switching, reducing switching losses.
3) The converter has a simple structure with minimum components and is easy to control.
4) Simulation results for a 2.3kW, 100kHz boost converter show the output voltage can reach 400V with an overall efficiency of 97.8% at nominal power.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The document compares a conventional full bridge buck DC-DC converter and an LCL-T type buck DC-DC converter through simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed 4-switch LCL-T buck converter has higher efficiency than the conventional full bridge converter. Key advantages of the LCL-T converter include reduced switching losses due to zero-voltage switching, improved electrical performance from the front-end LCL-T connection, and multi-output capability from associating one or two capacitors for resonant operation. The LCL-T converter is well-suited for low voltage, low power applications.
Soft Switched Resonant Converters with Unsymmetrical ControlIOSR Journals
1) The document describes a half-bridge DC-DC converter with unsymmetrical control that achieves zero-voltage switching (ZVS). By operating one switch with less than 50% duty cycle and the other with greater than 50% duty cycle, soft switching conditions can be achieved using the passive elements.
2) A prototype 5V, 50W half-bridge converter was designed, fabricated, and tested to validate the performance of the converter. Experimental waveforms confirmed ZVS turn-on of the power devices.
3) The converter topology exhibits benefits of both resonant converters like zero switching losses and switched-mode circuits like low conduction losses, due to the unsymmetrical duty ratio control at a constant switching frequency.
1) The document describes a half-bridge DC-DC converter with unsymmetrical control that achieves zero voltage switching (ZVS) through asymmetric pulse width modulation (APWM).
2) Through PSPICE simulation and experimental validation, the converter successfully achieved ZVS at a fixed switching frequency for a 5V, 50W prototype.
3) Key advantages of the unsymmetrical control include reduced voltage and current stresses on devices, simpler design, and resonant operation at a constant switching frequency.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a soft-switching boost converter with an auxiliary resonant circuit (SARC) for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems. The converter is designed to boost the variable output voltage of a solar module. Simulation and experimental results confirm the converter's operational principles and soft-switching performance. The converter achieves zero-voltage switching and zero-current switching, reducing switching losses compared to conventional hard-switching converters. The design procedure and component values for the resonant inductor and capacitor in the SARC are also described.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a soft-switching boost converter with an auxiliary resonant circuit (SARC) for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion systems. The converter aims to boost the lower output voltage of solar cells to a useful voltage for loads. Simulation and experimental results confirm the converter's operational principles and soft-switching performance. Analysis shows that through SARC, all switching devices achieve zero-voltage and zero-current switching, reducing switching losses compared to conventional hard-switching converters. The converter design targets a 700W PV module, and testing with a PV simulator validates effective maximum power point tracking control.
This document provides an overview of forward-type switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It begins by stating the objectives and introducing the basic topology, which consists of a switching device, transformer, and rectification/filtering circuit. It then explains the principles of operation, including two modes - the powering mode when the switch is on, and the freewheeling mode when it is off. Key points covered include the relationship between input/output voltages and duty cycle, and factors that influence the sizing of filter components like the switching frequency. Practical considerations like non-ideal transformer characteristics necessitate modifications to the basic circuit.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
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Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
This document describes a novel zero-voltage-switching PWM full bridge converter with reduced distortions. The proposed converter introduces a reset winding in series with the resonant inductance to make the clamping diode current decay rapidly. This reduces conduction losses and allows the clamping diodes to naturally turn off without reverse recovery. The operation principle is analyzed over 8 stages and key waveforms are shown. Experimental results from a 1 kW prototype confirm reduced distortions in the output voltage. In conclusion, the proposed converter provides a simple and effective way to eliminate reverse recovery of clamping diodes compared to traditional full bridge converters.
The document describes a proposed quasi-single-stage current-fed resonant AC-DC converter that improves heat distribution. The converter uses a current doubler circuit with an active clamp on the primary side and an active voltage doubler with a bidirectional switch on the secondary side. This configuration allows the secondary switches to turn off with near-zero voltage at high power and half the output voltage at low power, reducing switching losses and improving heat distribution over the switches. The converter also achieves negligible input current ripple by operating the primary switches at a fixed 50% duty cycle. Experimental results from a 1 kW prototype verify the effectiveness of the design.
This document summarizes different types of isolated DC/DC converters. It discusses flyback converters, which are derived from buck-boost converters by adding a coupled inductor. Flyback converters can operate in continuous or discontinuous mode. Phase-shift full-bridge converters are suitable for high power applications. They consist of a full-bridge inverter and rectifier, with legs switched alternately at different phases to regulate output voltage. The document also reviews transformer fundamentals and voltage conversion ratios for different isolated converter types.
Bridgeless CUK Rectifier with Output Voltage Regulation using Fuzzy controllerIOSR Journals
This document describes a bridgeless CUK rectifier for power factor correction with output voltage regulation using a fuzzy controller. The bridgeless CUK rectifier lacks an input diode bridge to reduce conduction losses. It is operated in discontinuous conduction mode for near unity power factor and zero voltage switching. Simulation results show the input current tracks the voltage with a power factor of 0.998 and total harmonic distortion of 2%. A fuzzy logic controller is used to regulate the output voltage to a reference value of 40V and maintains the voltage even with changes in input voltage or load.
High efficiency zcs single input multiple output simo d.c to dIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management. The paper proposes a new single-input multiple-output DC-DC converter topology that can boost a low voltage input to multiple isolated outputs using only one switch. This converter uses a coupled inductor and fuzzy logic controller to achieve high efficiency and zero current switching. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the design and performance of the proposed converter. The converter is well-suited for powering multi-level inverters with multiple isolated inputs.
Similar to A New Active Snubber Circuit for PFC Converter (20)
Power System State Estimation - A ReviewIDES Editor
This document provides a review of power system state estimation techniques. It discusses both static and dynamic state estimation algorithms. For static state estimation, it covers weighted least squares, decoupled, and robust estimation methods. Weighted least squares is commonly used but can have numerical instability issues. Decoupled state estimation approximates the gain matrix for faster computation. Robust estimation uses M-estimators and other techniques to handle outliers and bad data. Dynamic state estimation applies Kalman filtering, leapfrog algorithms, and other methods to continuously monitor system states over time.
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using artificial intelligence techniques and FACTS controllers for reactive power planning in real-time power transmission systems. The paper formulates the reactive power planning problem and incorporates flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices like static VAR compensators (SVC), thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC), and unified power flow controllers (UPFC). Evolutionary algorithms like evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) are applied to find the optimal locations and settings of the FACTS controllers to minimize losses and costs. Simulation results on IEEE 30-bus and 72-bus Indian test systems show that UPFC performs best in reducing losses compared to SVC and TCSC.
Design and Performance Analysis of Genetic based PID-PSS with SVC in a Multi-...IDES Editor
Damping of power system oscillations with the help
of proposed optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Power
System Stabilizer (PID-PSS) and Static Var Compensator
(SVC)-based controllers are thoroughly investigated in this
paper. This study presents robust tuning of PID-PSS and
SVC-based controllers using Genetic Algorithms (GA) in
multi machine power systems by considering detailed model
of the generators (model 1.1). The effectiveness of FACTSbased
controllers in general and SVC-based controller in
particular depends upon their proper location. Modal
controllability and observability are used to locate SVC–based
controller. The performance of the proposed controllers is
compared with conventional lead-lag power system stabilizer
(CPSS) and demonstrated on 10 machines, 39 bus New England
test system. Simulation studies show that the proposed genetic
based PID-PSS with SVC based controller provides better
performance.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
Line Losses in the 14-Bus Power System Network using UPFCIDES Editor
Controlling power flow in modern power systems
can be made more flexible by the use of recent developments
in power electronic and computing control technology. The
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a Flexible AC
transmission system (FACTS) device that can control all the
three system variables namely line reactance, magnitude and
phase angle difference of voltage across the line. The UPFC
provides a promising means to control power flow in modern
power systems. Essentially the performance depends on proper
control setting achievable through a power flow analysis
program. This paper presents a reliable method to meet the
requirements by developing a Newton-Raphson based load
flow calculation through which control settings of UPFC can
be determined for the pre-specified power flow between the
lines. The proposed method keeps Newton-Raphson Load Flow
(NRLF) algorithm intact and needs (little modification in the
Jacobian matrix). A MATLAB program has been developed to
calculate the control settings of UPFC and the power flow
between the lines after the load flow is converged. Case studies
have been performed on IEEE 5-bus system and 14-bus system
to show that the proposed method is effective. These studies
indicate that the method maintains the basic NRLF properties
such as fast computational speed, high degree of accuracy and
good convergence rate.
Study of Structural Behaviour of Gravity Dam with Various Features of Gallery...IDES Editor
The size and shape of opening in dam causes the
stress concentration, it also causes the stress variation in the
rest of the dam cross section. The gravity method of the analysis
does not consider the size of opening and the elastic property
of dam material. Thus the objective of study is comprises of
the Finite Element Method which considers the size of
opening, elastic property of material, and stress distribution
because of geometric discontinuity in cross section of dam.
Stress concentration inside the dam increases with the opening
in dam which results in the failure of dam. Hence it is
necessary to analyses large opening inside the dam. By making
the percentage area of opening constant and varying size and
shape of opening the analysis is carried out. For this purpose
a section of Koyna Dam is considered. Dam is defined as a
plane strain element in FEM, based on geometry and loading
condition. Thus this available information specified our path
of approach to carry out 2D plane strain analysis. The results
obtained are then compared mutually to get most efficient
way of providing large opening in the gravity dam.
Assessing Uncertainty of Pushover Analysis to Geometric ModelingIDES Editor
Pushover Analysis a popular tool for seismic
performance evaluation of existing and new structures and is
nonlinear Static procedure where in monotonically increasing
loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable
to resist the further load .During the analysis, whatever the
strength of concrete and steel is adopted for analysis of
structure may not be the same when real structure is
constructed and the pushover analysis results are very sensitive
to material model adopted, geometric model adopted, location
of plastic hinges and in general to procedure followed by the
analyzer. In this paper attempt has been made to assess
uncertainty in pushover analysis results by considering user
defined hinges and frame modeled as bare frame and frame
with slab modeled as rigid diaphragm and results compared
with experimental observations. Uncertain parameters
considered includes the strength of concrete, strength of steel
and cover to the reinforcement which are randomly generated
and incorporated into the analysis. The results are then
compared with experimental observations.
Secure Multi-Party Negotiation: An Analysis for Electronic Payments in Mobile...IDES Editor
This document summarizes and analyzes secure multi-party negotiation protocols for electronic payments in mobile computing. It presents a framework for secure multi-party decision protocols using lightweight implementations. The main focus is on synchronizing security features to avoid agreement manipulation and reduce user traffic. The paper describes negotiation between an auctioneer and bidders, showing multiparty security is better than existing systems. It analyzes the performance of encryption algorithms like ECC, XTR, and RSA for use in the multiparty negotiation protocols.
Selfish Node Isolation & Incentivation using Progressive ThresholdsIDES Editor
The problems associated with selfish nodes in
MANET are addressed by a collaborative watchdog approach
which reduces the detection time for selfish nodes thereby
improves the performance and accuracy of watchdogs[1]. In
the related works they make use of credit based systems, reputation
based mechanisms, pathrater and watchdog mechanism
to detect such selfish nodes. In this paper we follow an approach
of collaborative watchdog which reduces the detection
time for selfish nodes and also involves the removal of such
selfish nodes based on some progressively assessed thresholds.
The threshold gives the nodes a chance to stop misbehaving
before it is permanently deleted from the network.
The node passes through several isolation processes before it
is permanently removed. Another version of AODV protocol
is used here which allows the simulation of selfish nodes in
NS2 by adding or modifying log files in the protocol.
Various OSI Layer Attacks and Countermeasure to Enhance the Performance of WS...IDES Editor
Wireless sensor networks are networks having non
wired infrastructure and dynamic topology. In OSI model each
layer is prone to various attacks, which halts the performance
of a network .In this paper several attacks on four layers of
OSI model are discussed and security mechanism is described
to prevent attack in network layer i.e wormhole attack. In
Wormhole attack two or more malicious nodes makes a covert
channel which attracts the traffic towards itself by depicting a
low latency link and then start dropping and replaying packets
in the multi-path route. This paper proposes promiscuous mode
method to detect and isolate the malicious node during
wormhole attack by using Ad-hoc on demand distance vector
routing protocol (AODV) with omnidirectional antenna. The
methodology implemented notifies that the nodes which are
not participating in multi-path routing generates an alarm
message during delay and then detects and isolate the
malicious node from network. We also notice that not only
the same kind of attacks but also the same kind of
countermeasures can appear in multiple layer. For example,
misbehavior detection techniques can be applied to almost all
the layers we discussed.
Responsive Parameter based an AntiWorm Approach to Prevent Wormhole Attack in...IDES Editor
The recent advancements in the wireless technology
and their wide-spread deployment have made remarkable
enhancements in efficiency in the corporate and industrial
and Military sectors The increasing popularity and usage of
wireless technology is creating a need for more secure wireless
Ad hoc networks. This paper aims researched and developed
a new protocol that prevents wormhole attacks on a ad hoc
network. A few existing protocols detect wormhole attacks but
they require highly specialized equipment not found on most
wireless devices. This paper aims to develop a defense against
wormhole attacks as an Anti-worm protocol which is based on
responsive parameters, that does not require as a significant
amount of specialized equipment, trick clock synchronization,
no GPS dependencies.
Cloud Security and Data Integrity with Client Accountability FrameworkIDES Editor
This document summarizes a proposed cloud security and data integrity framework that provides client accountability. The framework aims to address issues like lack of user control over cloud data, need for data transparency and tracking, and ensuring data integrity. It proposes using JAR (Java Archive) files for data sharing due to benefits like portability. The framework incorporates client-side verification using MD5 hashing, digital signature-based authentication of JAR files, and use of HMAC to ensure data integrity. It also uses password-based encryption of log files to keep them tamper-proof. The framework is intended to provide both accountability and security for data sharing in cloud environments.
Genetic Algorithm based Layered Detection and Defense of HTTP BotnetIDES Editor
A System state in HTTP botnet uses HTTP protocol
for the creation of chain of Botnets thereby compromising
other systems. By using HTTP protocol and port number 80,
attacks can not only be hidden but also pass through the
firewall without being detected. The DPR based detection
leads to better analysis of botnet attacks [3]. However, it
provides only probabilistic detection of the attacker and also
time consuming and error prone. This paper proposes a Genetic
algorithm based layered approach for detecting as well as
preventing botnet attacks. The paper reviews p2p firewall
implementation which forms the basis of filtering.
Performance evaluation is done based on precision, F-value
and probability. Layered approach reduces the computation
and overall time requirement [7]. Genetic algorithm promises
a low false positive rate.
Enhancing Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing Through SteganographyIDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for enhancing data security in cloud computing through steganography. The method hides user data in digital images stored on cloud servers. When data needs to be accessed, it is extracted from the images. The document outlines the cloud architecture and security issues addressed. It then describes the proposed system architecture, security model, and data storage and retrieval process. Data is partitioned and hidden in multiple images to improve security. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access to user data stored on cloud servers.
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
Permutation of Pixels within the Shares of Visual Cryptography using KBRP for...IDES Editor
The security of authentication of internet based
co-banking services should not be susceptible to high risks.
The passwords are highly vulnerable to virus attacks due to
the lack of high end embedding of security methods. In order
for the passwords to be more secure, people are generally
compelled to select jumbled up character based passwords
which are not only less memorable but are also equally prone
to insecurity. Multiple use of distributed shares has been
studied to solve the problem of authentication by algorithms
based on thresholding of pixels in image processing and visual
cryptography concepts where the subset of shares is considered
for the recovery of the original image for authentication using
correlation function[1][2].The main disadvantage in the above
study is the plain storage of shares and also one of the shares
is being supplied to the customer, which will lead to the
possibility of misuse by a third party. This paper proposes a
technique for scrambling of pixels by key based random
permutation (KBRP) within the shares before the
authentication has been attempted. Total number of shares to
be created is dependent on the multiplicity of ownership of
the account. By this method the problem of uncertainty among
the customers with regard to security, storage, retrieval of
holding of half of the shares is minimized.
This paper presents a trifocal Rotman Lens Design
approach. The effects of focal ratio and element spacing on
the performance of Rotman Lens are described. A three beam
prototype feeding 4 element antenna array working in L-band
has been simulated using RLD v1.7 software. Simulated
results show that the simulated lens has a return loss of –
12.4dB at 1.8GHz. Beam to array port phase error variation
with change in the focal ratio and element spacing has also
been investigated.
Band Clustering for the Lossless Compression of AVIRIS Hyperspectral ImagesIDES Editor
Hyperspectral images can be efficiently compressed
through a linear predictive model, as for example the one
used in the SLSQ algorithm. In this paper we exploit this
predictive model on the AVIRIS images by individuating,
through an off-line approach, a common subset of bands, which
are not spectrally related with any other bands. These bands
are not useful as prediction reference for the SLSQ 3-D
predictive model and we need to encode them via other
prediction strategies which consider only spatial correlation.
We have obtained this subset by clustering the AVIRIS bands
via the clustering by compression approach. The main result
of this paper is the list of the bands, not related with the
others, for AVIRIS images. The clustering trees obtained for
AVIRIS and the relationship among bands they depict is also
an interesting starting point for future research.
Microelectronic Circuit Analogous to Hydrogen Bonding Network in Active Site ...IDES Editor
A microelectronic circuit of block-elements
functionally analogous to two hydrogen bonding networks is
investigated. The hydrogen bonding networks are extracted
from â-lactamase protein and are formed in its active site.
Each hydrogen bond of the network is described in equivalent
electrical circuit by three or four-terminal block-element.
Each block-element is coded in Matlab. Static and dynamic
analyses are performed. The resultant microelectronic circuit
analogous to the hydrogen bonding network operates as
current mirror, sine pulse source, triangular pulse source as
well as signal modulator.
Texture Unit based Monocular Real-world Scene Classification using SOM and KN...IDES Editor
In this paper a method is proposed to discriminate
real world scenes in to natural and manmade scenes of similar
depth. Global-roughness of a scene image varies as a function
of image-depth. Increase in image depth leads to increase in
roughness in manmade scenes; on the contrary natural scenes
exhibit smooth behavior at higher image depth. This particular
arrangement of pixels in scene structure can be well explained
by local texture information in a pixel and its neighborhood.
Our proposed method analyses local texture information of a
scene image using texture unit matrix. For final classification
we have used both supervised and unsupervised learning using
K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) and Self Organizing
Map (SOM) respectively. This technique is useful for online
classification due to very less computational complexity.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .