This document provides information on techniques for separating mixtures. It discusses several methods including sedimentation and decantation, filtration, evaporation, distillation, crystallization, sublimation, chromatography, centrifugation and solvent extraction. The document is intended for a 9th grade science class and aims to teach students how to select the appropriate separation method based on the components of a mixture. It includes links to videos demonstrating each technique.

1. Simple techniques of separatingSimple techniques of separating
mixturesmixtures
AKM B- FormAKM B- Form

2. Lesson PlanLesson Plan
 To see the lesson plan ,please click on theTo see the lesson plan ,please click on the
following linkfollowing link
CLICK

3. AudienceAudience
 Grade: 9Grade: 9
 Age Group: 15 yearsAge Group: 15 years
 Learner profiles –Different abilitiesLearner profiles –Different abilities
[intelligent, mediocre and slow learners][intelligent, mediocre and slow learners]
 Their learning styles are differentTheir learning styles are different

4. Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
By the end of this session:By the end of this session:
 Students will be able to select the appropriateStudents will be able to select the appropriate
method to separate the given mixtures based uponmethod to separate the given mixtures based upon
the information available about the components ofthe information available about the components of
the mixture.the mixture.
Students will understand the following terms:Students will understand the following terms:
sedimentation & decantation, filtration, evaporation,sedimentation & decantation, filtration, evaporation,
distillation and crystallization.distillation and crystallization.
Students will develop skills of using variousStudents will develop skills of using various
techniques to separate mixtures.techniques to separate mixtures.

5. Sedimentation and decantationSedimentation and decantation
Separating an insoluble solid/liquid mixture.Separating an insoluble solid/liquid mixture.
 Let us see how we can separate a mixture ofLet us see how we can separate a mixture of
sand and water.sand and water.
Click

6. FiltrationFiltration
 We will see now how we can separate aWe will see now how we can separate a
mixture of sulphur and water.mixture of sulphur and water.
Click

7. EvaporationEvaporation
 Separating a solute from a solute/solventSeparating a solute from a solute/solvent
mixturemixture
 This method is used to separate a solid soluteThis method is used to separate a solid solute
from a solventfrom a solvent
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8. DistillationDistillation
 During evaporation or boiling, the liquidDuring evaporation or boiling, the liquid
solvent is lost to the air. If the solvent issolvent is lost to the air. If the solvent is
important it can be separated from the mixtureimportant it can be separated from the mixture
using a process called distillation.using a process called distillation.

9. DistillationDistillation
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10. CrystallisationCrystallisation
 To separate a solute from its solvent, we heatTo separate a solute from its solvent, we heat
the solution gently. The solvent evaporates andthe solution gently. The solvent evaporates and
the concentration of the solute rises until thethe concentration of the solute rises until the
solution is saturated. If the heat is removedsolution is saturated. If the heat is removed
this at this time and the solution is left to cool,this at this time and the solution is left to cool,
the solid will form crystals.the solid will form crystals.
 Let us see this pictureLet us see this picture

11. CrystallisationCrystallisation
Copper sulphate crystals can be obtained from itsCopper sulphate crystals can be obtained from its
solution by crystallization process.solution by crystallization process.

12. SublimationSublimation
 When a sublimable substance is mixed with otherWhen a sublimable substance is mixed with other
substances which do not sublime, separation bysubstances which do not sublime, separation by
heating is possible.heating is possible.
 Sublimable substances are Iodine crystals,Sublimable substances are Iodine crystals,
Ammonium chloride and camphor.Ammonium chloride and camphor.
 They change directly into gas when heated andThey change directly into gas when heated and
change back to solid on cooling, without changing tochange back to solid on cooling, without changing to
the intermediate liquid state.the intermediate liquid state.

13. SublimationSublimation
 We will see how can we separate a mixture ofWe will see how can we separate a mixture of
ammonium chloride and sand.ammonium chloride and sand.
Click

14. Separating FunnelSeparating Funnel
 When two immiscible liquids are mixedWhen two immiscible liquids are mixed
together they eventually form layers, if left totogether they eventually form layers, if left to
stand.The less dense liquid forms a layerstand.The less dense liquid forms a layer
above the more dense liquid.above the more dense liquid.
Click

15. Separation of two immiscible liquidsSeparation of two immiscible liquids
using a seaparting funnelusing a seaparting funnel

16. Fractional DistillationFractional Distillation
 Two miscible liquids with quite close boilingTwo miscible liquids with quite close boiling
points, such as water(100points, such as water(10000
C) and ethanolC) and ethanol
(78(7800
C) can be separated by fractionalC) can be separated by fractional
distillation.distillation.
 The separation occurs in the fractionatingThe separation occurs in the fractionating
coulmn.This is filled with glass beads. Duringcoulmn.This is filled with glass beads. During
the fractionating process the liquids condensethe fractionating process the liquids condense
and evaporate from the beads many times.and evaporate from the beads many times.

17. Fractional DistillationFractional Distillation
Click

18. ChromatographyChromatography
 A pure dye contains only one colour.Black inkA pure dye contains only one colour.Black ink
is made from two or more coloured dyes.is made from two or more coloured dyes.
 Separating substances like this is calledSeparating substances like this is called
chromatography.chromatography.
 The pattern of colours you get is called aThe pattern of colours you get is called a
chromatogram.chromatogram.

19. Paper chromatographyPaper chromatography
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20. Spreading at different speedsSpreading at different speeds
 Chromatography is used to split up a mixtureChromatography is used to split up a mixture
of substances that dissolve in the sameof substances that dissolve in the same
liquid.The substances spread across the paperliquid.The substances spread across the paper
at different speeds.at different speeds.
 Brown ink is made from a mixture ofBrown ink is made from a mixture of
yellow,blue and red inks.They can also beyellow,blue and red inks.They can also be
separated by paper chromatography.separated by paper chromatography.
For more techniques click here

21. Centrifugation/ChurningCentrifugation/Churning
 Centrifugation is the method of separatingCentrifugation is the method of separating
solids from a liquid where the mixture issolids from a liquid where the mixture is
homogeneous. The sedimentation ofhomogeneous. The sedimentation of
suspended particles in a liquid takes place verysuspended particles in a liquid takes place very
slowly. The mixture is taken in two speciallyslowly. The mixture is taken in two specially
designed test tubes known as the centrifugedesigned test tubes known as the centrifuge
tubes. They are placed in two separate holders.tubes. They are placed in two separate holders.
The holders are then rotated rapidly with theThe holders are then rotated rapidly with the
help of a handle.help of a handle.

22. Centrifugation/ChurningCentrifugation/Churning
 After some time the rotation is stopped and theAfter some time the rotation is stopped and the
centrifuge tubes are taken out. It is seen thatcentrifuge tubes are taken out. It is seen that
solid particles have settled down at the bottomsolid particles have settled down at the bottom
of the tubes. The supernatant liquid above theof the tubes. The supernatant liquid above the
solid is collected by decantation.solid is collected by decantation.
 If the density of solid is lighter than liquid ,itIf the density of solid is lighter than liquid ,it
comes in the upper layer.comes in the upper layer.
 These days electric churners are used.These days electric churners are used.

23. ApplicationsApplications
 It is used forIt is used for
 Separating cream from milk and butter fromSeparating cream from milk and butter from
curd in dairies or at home.curd in dairies or at home.
 In washing machines to squeezing out waterIn washing machines to squeezing out water
from wet clothes.from wet clothes.
 In diagnostic laboratories for testingIn diagnostic laboratories for testing
blood/urine.blood/urine.

24. Electric churner and SeparationElectric churner and Separation

25. By Solvent extractionBy Solvent extraction
 It is the process of dissolving one of theIt is the process of dissolving one of the
components in a particular liquid either watercomponents in a particular liquid either water
or any other solvent in which it gets dissolvedor any other solvent in which it gets dissolved
and the other component does not dissolve.and the other component does not dissolve.
 For example , a mixture of iron filings andFor example , a mixture of iron filings and
sulphur is separated by using carbon disulphidesulphur is separated by using carbon disulphide
as solvent.as solvent.
 A mixture of sodium chloride and chalk canA mixture of sodium chloride and chalk can
also be separated by using water as the solventalso be separated by using water as the solvent
for sodium chloride.for sodium chloride.

26. Home AssignmentHome Assignment
 For assignment on “Simple techniques ofFor assignment on “Simple techniques of
Separation of mixtures", click on the linkSeparation of mixtures", click on the link
given below.given below.
Assignment

27. ReferencesReferences
 Google Image:Google Image: www.google.co.inwww.google.co.in for imagesfor images
 Meta:Meta: www.ixquick.comwww.ixquick.com for graphics and informationfor graphics and information
 http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBCLafMPVt8www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBCLafMPVt8 for Sedimentation &for Sedimentation &
decantationdecantation
 httphttp://://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0s71cjCNWswww.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0s71cjCNWs for Filtrationfor Filtration
 http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2ZjWJsgGLo for Evaporationwww.youtube.com/watch?v=t2ZjWJsgGLo for Evaporation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxNfJLMNS4E for Distillationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxNfJLMNS4E for Distillation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6hwOG7Dzf8 for Sublimationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6hwOG7Dzf8 for Sublimation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vonoRZhWBvY for Fractionalhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vonoRZhWBvY for Fractional
distillationdistillation
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uw7LCwMmOu8 for Chromatographyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uw7LCwMmOu8 for Chromatography

28. AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
Tutorvista.comTutorvista.com
Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeeth
UniversityUniversity