Metals and non-metals have distinct physical and chemical properties. Physically, metals tend to be solid, shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals are usually brittle solids, liquids, or gases that are poor conductors. Chemically, metals react with non-metals like sulfur to form compounds called metal sulfides, and they react with oxygen to form metal oxides, which may dissolve in water to form bases. Non-metals also react with oxygen to form oxides, which dissolve in water to form acids like sulfurous acid. Common metals and non-metals have a variety of industrial and domestic uses based on their properties.

1. METALS AND
NON-METALS
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2. WHATMETALSARE?
• A metal is a material that is typically hard, opaque, shiny,
and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
• In chemistry, a metal is an element that readily
forms positive ions and has metallic bonds.
• Examples of metals are aluminium, copper, iron,
tin, gold, lead, silver and titanium.
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3. NON-METALS
• Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well.
• As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and
cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets.
• They form most of the matter in the Earth’s crust, the oceans, the
atmosphere and even living things
AN EXAMPLE
OF NON-
METALS IS
PHOSPHORUS
CHEMISTRY

4. INTHEPERIODICTABLE!
• This periodic shows the distribution of metals,
non-metals and metalloids.
• Elements that have properties of both metals and
non-metals are called metalloids.
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5. THEUSESANDPROPERTIESOF
METALS
• Most of the metals that we use are not in their
pure elemental form
• We use metals mostly in alloys or in compounds
with other metals and with non-metals.
• The table starting from the next slide shows their
range of features, uses and some of their
physical properties.
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6. THETABLE!
METAL NOTABLE
FEATURES
uses
Sodium • can be easily cut up
with a knife.
• floats and burns on
water
• orange street lamps
Magnesium • strips and powder
catch fire easily
• flares for the rescue of
shipwrecked people.
• camera flashbulbs.
CHEMISTRY

7. THETABLE!
METAL NOTABLE
FEATURES
uses
Aluminium • has a low density
which makes it light-
weight
• does not corrode in air
• aircraft
• power cables
Potassium • can be easily cut up
with a knife
• explodes with water
• dyes, inks
• fertiliser
• weed killer
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8. THETABLE!
METAL NOTABLEFEATURES uses
Calcium • some effort is needed to
cut it up with a knife
• very reactive and present
in many compounds
• huge numbers of uses
including cement and
concrete, cosmetics,
toothpaste, insecticides,
paints and cheese making.
Iron • a hard substance that
can be shaped to make a
wide variety of strong,
hard objects
• can decompose into
flakes or rust
• cast iron used to make utility-
hole covers
• combined with carbon to make
steel cutlery and car bodies.

9. THETABLE!
METAL NOTABLEFEATURES uses
Copper • a red-orange metal which
is soft enough to pull
easily into wires or press
into sheets
• very good conductor of
heat
• wires in electrical circuits
• lightning conductors
• hot water cylinders
• copper-bottomed pans
Zinc • a brittle blue-white metal
which does not corrode
in the air.
• rust prevention
• used in making some cells to
generate electricity

10. THETABLE!
METAL NOTABLEFEATURES uses
Silver • a shiny white metal that
is soft enough to be
made into complicated
shapes by pulling into
wires and pressing into
sheets
• jewellery, coins, ornaments
• mirrors
Mercury • a shiny silver liquid. • thermometers
• fluorescent lamps
• tooth fillings
• liquid mirror telescopes

11. PHYSICALPROPERTIES (TABLE)
The following table shows some physical properties of ten
common metals :
Element Density/g/cmᵌ Melting
point/°C
Boiling point/°C Electrical
conductor
sodium 0.97 98 883 yes
magnesium 1.7 650 1091 yes
aluminium 2.7 660 2519 yes
potassium 0.89 63 759 yes
calcium 1.6 842 1484 yes
iron 7.9 1538 2862 yes
copper 8.9 1085 2562 yes
zinc 7.1 420 907 yes
silver 10.5 962 2162 yes
mercury 13.5 -39 357 yes

12. THEUSESANDPROPERTIESOF
NON-METALS
• Most of the non-metals that we use are not in
their pure elemental form.
• We use them in compounds with metals and
other non-metals.
• The table starting from the next slide next shows
the range of features, uses and some physical
properties of seven common non-metals….!
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13. THETABLE!
non - METAL NOTABLEFEATURES uses
Hydrogen • a colourless, odourless
gas
• can burn in air but a
certain air/hydrogen
mixture explodes
• used in making products
from oil
• used as fuel
Helium • a colourless, odourless
gas
• less dense (and therefore
lighter) than air
• does not burn in air
• Party balloons, airships

14. THETABLE!
non - METAL NOTABLEFEATURES uses
Carbon two main forms:
•diamond – hard,
transparent crystal
•graphite – a grey, shiny,
slippery solid which
conducts electricity.
• diamond – jewellery, saws,
drills and certain types of
scalpel.
• graphite – used with clay to
make pencil leads,
lubricants for machinery
and in some kinds of
batteries and electric
motors

15. THETABLE!
non - METAL NOTABLEFEATURES uses
Nitrogen • a colourless, odourless
gas
• does not allow things to
burn in it
• slows down chemical
reactions which cause
decay
• food storage bags
• to provide a low
temperature for the storage
of blood
• aircraft tyres
Oxygen • a colourless, odourless
gas
• supports burning
• is needed for respiration
• life support systems in hospital
to help breathing
• in industry for welding and
cutting metals

16. THETABLE!
non - METAL NOTABLEFEATURES uses
Sulfur • yellow, brittle solid
• does not dissolve in
water
• burns in air to produce
sulfur dioxide gas
• to make rubber harder for
use as tyres
• as a fungicide to protect
crops
Bromine • a red-brown liquid which
is slightly transparent
• produces red-brown
toxic fumes with an
unpleasant smell
• soluble in water
• Present in seawater from
which it is extracted.
• flame retardants
• dyes
• Disinfectants

17. PHYSICALPROPERTIES (TABLE)
The following table shows some physical properties of
seven common non - metals :
Element Density/g/cmᵌ Melting
point/°C
Boiling point/°C Electrical
conductor
hydrogen 0.000 09 -259 -253 no
helium 0.00017 -272 -269 no
carbon
(graphite)
2.5 3642 sublimes yes
nitrogen 0.0012 -210 -196 no
oxygen 0.0013 -219 -183 no
sulfur 2.0 115 445 no
bromine 3.1 -7 59 no
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18. PHYSICALPROPERTIES (TABLE)
This is another table which compares the properties of
metals and non-metals :
Property Metal Non-metal
state at room temperature solid (one is a liquid) solid, liquid or gas
density generally high generally low
surface shiny dull
melting point generally high generally low
boiling point generally high generally low
effect of hammering shaped without breaking breaks easily
magnetic a few examples no example
conduction of heat good very poor
conduction of electricity good very poor (one
conductor)
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19. CHEMICALPROPERTIESOF
METALSANDNON-METALS
•Each element also has chemical
properties.
•A chemical property reveals itself when
a chemical reaction takes place.
•When this happens, the element
changes in some way.
•For example, the sodium and chlorine
were present as elements but after the
chemical reaction they formed the
compound sodium chloride.
•Two properties which are investigated by
carrying out chemical reactions are how
metals and non-metals react together
and how they react with oxygen.
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20. METALSREACTINGWITHNON-METALS
• Some metals and non-metals react together to produce
compounds (of two elements).
• If zinc or copper is heated with sulfur, the metal sulfide
is formed. The word equations for these reactions are:
a. zinc + sulfur zinc sulfide
b. copper + sulfur copper sulfide
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21. REACTIONWITHOXYGEN
• Oxygen is a non-metal and reacts with many metals
and non-metals to form oxides.
• The reaction of metals and non-metals with oxygen
forms a separate property to the general one about the
reaction between metals and non-metals such as
chlorine and sulfur.
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22. REACTIONofMETALSwithOxygen
• If a metal takes part in a chemical reaction
with oxygen, a metal oxide is formed. Here
is an example:
• When sulphur burns in air, it forms a gas
sulphur dioxide.
• Metal oxides are called bases.
• A base is a substance which takes part in
a chemical reaction with an acid and
neutralises it.
• Examples are sodium oxide and calcium
oxide which dissolve in water and form
alkalis.
• Other metal oxides, such as copper oxide,
do not dissolve in water but they do react
with acids and neutralise them.
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23. REACTIONofNon-metalswithOxygen
• If a non-metal takes part in a chemical reaction with oxygen, it also
forms an oxide
• Most oxides of non-metals are soluble.
• When they dissolve in water, they form acids.
• Sulfur is a non-metallic element with a yellow crystalline form. If it is
heated in air it burns and combines with oxygen to form sulfur
dioxide, which is soluble in water.
• This reaction occurs between sulfur dioxide and water:
sulfur dioxide + water sulfurous acid
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