The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It is divided into 5 categories: data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, branching instructions, and control instructions. The data transfer instructions include MOV, MVI, LDA, STA, etc. to move data between registers and memory. The arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, decrement. The logical instructions include AND, OR, XOR logical operations.
This document provides an overview of the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It begins by defining what an instruction is and the classification of the 8085 instruction set. It then proceeds to describe various data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions in detail through opcode, operands, examples, and before/after execution illustrations. The document aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the complete set of 246 instructions supported by the 8085 microprocessor.
8085 Paper Presentation slides,ppt,microprocessor 8085 ,guide, instruction setSaumitra Rukmangad
The document provides information about the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the 8085 as an 8-bit processor with 40 pins that can access 64KB of memory and 256 I/O ports. It has 5 hardware interrupts, 8 general purpose registers including the program counter and stack pointer, and provides 74 instructions across 5 addressing modes.
The document provides instruction on the 8085 microprocessor instruction set. It discusses the different types of instructions including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations like AND and OR. The document provides examples of common instructions and explains their purpose and functionality.
The stack in the 8085 microprocessor is a group of memory locations used for temporary storage of data during program execution. Data is stored and retrieved on a last-in, first-out basis. The PUSH instruction stores data in the stack by decrementing the stack pointer and copying register contents to memory. The POP instruction retrieves data from the stack by copying memory contents back to registers and incrementing the stack pointer. Common register pairs that can be pushed and popped include BC, DE, HL, and A and flags.
The instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor contains 246 instructions that are classified into different types such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory locations. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement. Logical instructions perform logical operations like AND, OR, XOR on registers and memory.
This presentation discusses the Serial Communication features in 8051, the support for UART. It also discusses serial vs parallel communication, simplex, duplex and full-duplex modes, MAX232, RS232 standards
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller. It provides three key criteria for choosing a microcontroller: 1) meeting computing needs efficiently and cost effectively, 2) availability of software development tools, and 3) reliable sources. It then describes the basic components and features of the 8051, including 4K bytes of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, four 8-bit I/O ports, two timers/counters, a serial interface, and support for external memory. Finally, it explains the memory organization and allocation of the 8051, distinguishing program memory, data memory, and external RAM.
The document describes the 8051 microcontroller, its features which include 4 I/O ports, 2 timers, serial communication interface, and interrupts. It discusses the internal architecture such as memory organization, registers, and oscillator circuit. The document also provides details on the ports, timers, serial communication, and power modes of the 8051 microcontroller.
This document provides an overview of the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It begins by defining what an instruction is and the classification of the 8085 instruction set. It then proceeds to describe various data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions in detail through opcode, operands, examples, and before/after execution illustrations. The document aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the complete set of 246 instructions supported by the 8085 microprocessor.
8085 Paper Presentation slides,ppt,microprocessor 8085 ,guide, instruction setSaumitra Rukmangad
The document provides information about the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the 8085 as an 8-bit processor with 40 pins that can access 64KB of memory and 256 I/O ports. It has 5 hardware interrupts, 8 general purpose registers including the program counter and stack pointer, and provides 74 instructions across 5 addressing modes.
The document provides instruction on the 8085 microprocessor instruction set. It discusses the different types of instructions including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations like AND and OR. The document provides examples of common instructions and explains their purpose and functionality.
The stack in the 8085 microprocessor is a group of memory locations used for temporary storage of data during program execution. Data is stored and retrieved on a last-in, first-out basis. The PUSH instruction stores data in the stack by decrementing the stack pointer and copying register contents to memory. The POP instruction retrieves data from the stack by copying memory contents back to registers and incrementing the stack pointer. Common register pairs that can be pushed and popped include BC, DE, HL, and A and flags.
The instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor contains 246 instructions that are classified into different types such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory locations. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement. Logical instructions perform logical operations like AND, OR, XOR on registers and memory.
This presentation discusses the Serial Communication features in 8051, the support for UART. It also discusses serial vs parallel communication, simplex, duplex and full-duplex modes, MAX232, RS232 standards
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller. It provides three key criteria for choosing a microcontroller: 1) meeting computing needs efficiently and cost effectively, 2) availability of software development tools, and 3) reliable sources. It then describes the basic components and features of the 8051, including 4K bytes of ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, four 8-bit I/O ports, two timers/counters, a serial interface, and support for external memory. Finally, it explains the memory organization and allocation of the 8051, distinguishing program memory, data memory, and external RAM.
The document describes the 8051 microcontroller, its features which include 4 I/O ports, 2 timers, serial communication interface, and interrupts. It discusses the internal architecture such as memory organization, registers, and oscillator circuit. The document also provides details on the ports, timers, serial communication, and power modes of the 8051 microcontroller.
This document provides an overview of assembly language programming for the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the 8085 programming model including registers, flags, and addressing modes. The document also covers the instruction set categories such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical and branching instructions. Examples are given to demonstrate how to write an assembly language program for the 8085 including analyzing a problem, developing an algorithm, flowchart, and coding the solution. Input/output and memory addressing modes are also explained.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8051 microprocessor. It is divided into 5 groups: arithmetic, logic, data transfer, boolean, and branching instructions. The arithmetic instructions include ADD, ADDC, DA for decimal adjust, and INC/DEC. Logic instructions include ANL, ORL, and SWAP. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Boolean instructions manipulate individual bits. Branching instructions include conditional jumps, calls, and returns.
The document provides an overview of assembly language programming for the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the 8085 programming model including registers, flags, and addressing modes. It also describes the instruction set categories and provides examples of common instruction types like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, and branching instructions. Sample assembly language programs are shown to add two numbers and handle results larger than 8 bits.
The document provides an overview of microprocessors and the 8085 microprocessor architecture. It discusses that a microprocessor is a programmable VLSI chip that includes an ALU, registers, and control circuits. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that can address 64KB of memory. It has three main functional blocks - a register array, ALU and logical group, and instruction decoder/timing and control circuitry. The document also describes the various registers, buses, pins and control signals of the 8085 microprocessor.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller. It lists advantages of microcontroller-based systems such as lower cost, smaller size, and higher reliability compared to microprocessor-based systems. It describes some 8051 family members and compares their features such as ROM type, RAM size, and number of timers. It also discusses important components of the 8051 like ROM, RAM, I/O ports, timers, and serial port. The document provides block diagrams of the 8051 internal architecture and pinout. It describes the functions of various pins and registers.
The 8051 microcontroller has 128 bytes of internal RAM and 4Kbytes of internal ROM memory. It uses the same addresses for code and data but accesses the correct memory based on whether an operation is for code or data. The 128 bytes of internal RAM are organized into 4 banks of 32 bytes each. External memory can be added if more memory is needed for program code or variable data storage. The document also provides information on interfacing external program and data memory with the 8051 microcontroller.
The document discusses interfacing concepts and the Intel 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface chip. It provides information on:
- Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O interfacing techniques.
- The 8255 PPI chip which has 3 8-bit I/O ports (Ports A, B, and C) that can be configured as input or output ports. It operates in I/O mode or Bit Set/Reset mode.
- Control word formats for configuring the ports in different modes like Mode 0, 1, and 2 for I/O mode and Bit Set/Reset mode.
- Example programs to initialize the 8255 ports using control words for different
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller. It begins with an introduction and table of contents. It then provides details about the 8051 including its block diagram, pin descriptions and functions, memory mapping, registers, stack, I/O port programming, timers, and interrupts.
Microcontroller 8051 and its interfacingAnkur Mahajan
The document discusses microcontrollers and interfacing. It begins with definitions of microprocessors and microcontrollers, comparing their differences. It then focuses on the 8051 microcontroller, describing its features, block diagram, manufacturers, and addressing modes. The document outlines how to write programs for the 8051 and discusses real-world interfacing examples like LCDs, ADCs, relays, motors. It concludes with applications of the 8051 and contact information.
This document discusses memory and I/O interfacing with the 8085 microprocessor. It defines interfaces as points of interaction between components that allow communication. Memory interfacing requires address decoding and multiplexing of address and data lines. I/O devices can be interfaced either through memory mapping or I/O mapping. Common memory types include RAM, ROM, SRAM and DRAM. RAM can be static or dynamic. ROM includes PROM, EPROM and EEPROM. A stack is a reserved part of memory used to temporarily store information during program execution.
The document discusses the 8085 microprocessor. It includes sections on constructing an ALU, the basic processor operation, architecture, functional block diagram, bus structure, registers, instruction encoding, instruction fetch operation, instruction execution, and instruction types. The key points are that the 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that uses a variety of instructions to transfer data, perform arithmetic and logic operations, control program flow, and communicate with I/O devices.
This document provides information about programming models and assembly language programming for the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the various addressing modes, instruction set, data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, branching instructions, and stack and subroutine concepts for the 8085. Several examples of assembly language programs for tasks like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and data transfer are also included.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor, which is divided into 5 groups: data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching/loop, and stack/machine control. It provides details of 20 representative instructions - 10 arithmetic instructions like ADD, SUB, and DAA and 10 data manipulation instructions like INR, DCR, and INX. For each instruction, it explains the operation, number of bytes, flags affected, and provides an example to illustrate how it works.
The PIC microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memories. It has a CPU with an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. The memory includes program memory to store instructions, data memory including registers for temporary data storage, and EEPROM for storing variables. It has advantages like a small instruction set, low cost, and built-in interfaces like I2C, SPI, and analog components.
The document discusses the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It describes that the 8085 has 246 instructions that are 8-bit binary values called opcode or instruction bytes. The instructions are classified into different groups like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. Some key data transfer instructions discussed include MOV, MVI, LXI for moving data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions allow operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement.
The document discusses the architecture of the Intel 8085 microprocessor. It describes the 8085 as an 8-bit microprocessor introduced in 1976 that uses a single +5 volt power supply. The internal architecture includes a control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers including the accumulator, program counter, stack pointer, instruction register/decoder, and timing and control unit. The document also briefly discusses interrupts, serial I/O, and some applications of microprocessors like mobile phones, watches, and appliances.
The document discusses the architecture of the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the main components of a processor system including the CPU, ALU, registers, memory and I/O interfaces. It then provides details on the internal architecture of the 8085 CPU, describing its registers including the program counter, accumulator, flags register and stack pointer. It also explains the address bus, data bus and control bus and how the 8085 uses time-sharing of address/data lines.
The document discusses the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It contains 13 categories of instructions - data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. The data transfer instructions include MOV, MVI, LDA, STA, etc. The arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, decrement. Some examples of instructions and their operations are provided.
Data transfer instruction set of 8085 micro processorvishalgohel12195
Data transfer instruction set of 8085 micro processor
WHAT IS INSTRUCTION?
CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUCTION.
DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTION.
EXAMPLES
PROGRAMME OF DATA TRANFER INSTRUCTION
This document provides an overview of assembly language programming for the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the 8085 programming model including registers, flags, and addressing modes. The document also covers the instruction set categories such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical and branching instructions. Examples are given to demonstrate how to write an assembly language program for the 8085 including analyzing a problem, developing an algorithm, flowchart, and coding the solution. Input/output and memory addressing modes are also explained.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8051 microprocessor. It is divided into 5 groups: arithmetic, logic, data transfer, boolean, and branching instructions. The arithmetic instructions include ADD, ADDC, DA for decimal adjust, and INC/DEC. Logic instructions include ANL, ORL, and SWAP. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Boolean instructions manipulate individual bits. Branching instructions include conditional jumps, calls, and returns.
The document provides an overview of assembly language programming for the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the 8085 programming model including registers, flags, and addressing modes. It also describes the instruction set categories and provides examples of common instruction types like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, and branching instructions. Sample assembly language programs are shown to add two numbers and handle results larger than 8 bits.
The document provides an overview of microprocessors and the 8085 microprocessor architecture. It discusses that a microprocessor is a programmable VLSI chip that includes an ALU, registers, and control circuits. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that can address 64KB of memory. It has three main functional blocks - a register array, ALU and logical group, and instruction decoder/timing and control circuitry. The document also describes the various registers, buses, pins and control signals of the 8085 microprocessor.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller. It lists advantages of microcontroller-based systems such as lower cost, smaller size, and higher reliability compared to microprocessor-based systems. It describes some 8051 family members and compares their features such as ROM type, RAM size, and number of timers. It also discusses important components of the 8051 like ROM, RAM, I/O ports, timers, and serial port. The document provides block diagrams of the 8051 internal architecture and pinout. It describes the functions of various pins and registers.
The 8051 microcontroller has 128 bytes of internal RAM and 4Kbytes of internal ROM memory. It uses the same addresses for code and data but accesses the correct memory based on whether an operation is for code or data. The 128 bytes of internal RAM are organized into 4 banks of 32 bytes each. External memory can be added if more memory is needed for program code or variable data storage. The document also provides information on interfacing external program and data memory with the 8051 microcontroller.
The document discusses interfacing concepts and the Intel 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface chip. It provides information on:
- Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O interfacing techniques.
- The 8255 PPI chip which has 3 8-bit I/O ports (Ports A, B, and C) that can be configured as input or output ports. It operates in I/O mode or Bit Set/Reset mode.
- Control word formats for configuring the ports in different modes like Mode 0, 1, and 2 for I/O mode and Bit Set/Reset mode.
- Example programs to initialize the 8255 ports using control words for different
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller. It begins with an introduction and table of contents. It then provides details about the 8051 including its block diagram, pin descriptions and functions, memory mapping, registers, stack, I/O port programming, timers, and interrupts.
Microcontroller 8051 and its interfacingAnkur Mahajan
The document discusses microcontrollers and interfacing. It begins with definitions of microprocessors and microcontrollers, comparing their differences. It then focuses on the 8051 microcontroller, describing its features, block diagram, manufacturers, and addressing modes. The document outlines how to write programs for the 8051 and discusses real-world interfacing examples like LCDs, ADCs, relays, motors. It concludes with applications of the 8051 and contact information.
This document discusses memory and I/O interfacing with the 8085 microprocessor. It defines interfaces as points of interaction between components that allow communication. Memory interfacing requires address decoding and multiplexing of address and data lines. I/O devices can be interfaced either through memory mapping or I/O mapping. Common memory types include RAM, ROM, SRAM and DRAM. RAM can be static or dynamic. ROM includes PROM, EPROM and EEPROM. A stack is a reserved part of memory used to temporarily store information during program execution.
The document discusses the 8085 microprocessor. It includes sections on constructing an ALU, the basic processor operation, architecture, functional block diagram, bus structure, registers, instruction encoding, instruction fetch operation, instruction execution, and instruction types. The key points are that the 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that uses a variety of instructions to transfer data, perform arithmetic and logic operations, control program flow, and communicate with I/O devices.
This document provides information about programming models and assembly language programming for the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the various addressing modes, instruction set, data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, branching instructions, and stack and subroutine concepts for the 8085. Several examples of assembly language programs for tasks like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and data transfer are also included.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor, which is divided into 5 groups: data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching/loop, and stack/machine control. It provides details of 20 representative instructions - 10 arithmetic instructions like ADD, SUB, and DAA and 10 data manipulation instructions like INR, DCR, and INX. For each instruction, it explains the operation, number of bytes, flags affected, and provides an example to illustrate how it works.
The PIC microcontroller uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data memories. It has a CPU with an ALU, memory unit, and control unit. The memory includes program memory to store instructions, data memory including registers for temporary data storage, and EEPROM for storing variables. It has advantages like a small instruction set, low cost, and built-in interfaces like I2C, SPI, and analog components.
The document discusses the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It describes that the 8085 has 246 instructions that are 8-bit binary values called opcode or instruction bytes. The instructions are classified into different groups like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. Some key data transfer instructions discussed include MOV, MVI, LXI for moving data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions allow operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement.
The document discusses the architecture of the Intel 8085 microprocessor. It describes the 8085 as an 8-bit microprocessor introduced in 1976 that uses a single +5 volt power supply. The internal architecture includes a control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers including the accumulator, program counter, stack pointer, instruction register/decoder, and timing and control unit. The document also briefly discusses interrupts, serial I/O, and some applications of microprocessors like mobile phones, watches, and appliances.
The document discusses the architecture of the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the main components of a processor system including the CPU, ALU, registers, memory and I/O interfaces. It then provides details on the internal architecture of the 8085 CPU, describing its registers including the program counter, accumulator, flags register and stack pointer. It also explains the address bus, data bus and control bus and how the 8085 uses time-sharing of address/data lines.
The document discusses the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It contains 13 categories of instructions - data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. The data transfer instructions include MOV, MVI, LDA, STA, etc. The arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, decrement. Some examples of instructions and their operations are provided.
Data transfer instruction set of 8085 micro processorvishalgohel12195
Data transfer instruction set of 8085 micro processor
WHAT IS INSTRUCTION?
CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUCTION.
DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTION.
EXAMPLES
PROGRAMME OF DATA TRANFER INSTRUCTION
The document provides information about the 8085 instruction set including:
1. The different addressing modes used by 8085 such as direct, register, indirect, immediate, and implied addressing.
2. Descriptions of common instruction types for data transfer, arithmetic, logical operations, branching and machine control.
3. Summaries of instructions for moving data, performing arithmetic, logical operations, comparing values, rotating bits, branching conditionally, using the stack, input/output and enabling interrupts.
The 8085 microprocessor has 40 pins that operate at 5V. The pins can be grouped into power/frequency pins, serial I/O pins, address bus pins, data bus pins, control/status pins, and externally initiated pins. The address bus pins carry memory/I/O addresses, while the data bus pins carry data and lower addresses in a time-multiplexed fashion. Control signals include ALE, RD, WR, IO/M and status signals S1-S0. Interrupt pins include TRAP, RST 7.5-5.5, INTR. HOLD and HLDA pins support DMA operations while RESET and READY pins control resetting and peripheral handshaking.
The document provides information about microprocessors and the 8085 microprocessor. It defines key terms like microprocessor, ALU, registers, control unit, bus, machine cycle, T-state, instruction cycle, fetch cycle, execute cycle, flags, memory mapping, opcode fetch, interrupts, polling, and interrupt types. It describes the basic units and operations of a microprocessor, bus types, the instruction execution process, and interrupt handling. It also discusses I/O techniques, 8085 pins and signals, addressing modes, and differences between memory mapped and I/O mapped I/O.
The document discusses the 8085 microprocessor. It describes that the 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that can address 64KB of memory using 40 pins that operate at 5V with a maximum frequency of 3MHz. It has registers, ALU, instruction decoder, address buffer and other functional blocks. The registers include general purpose registers, temporary registers, flags register and program counter and stack pointer. The document also discusses the addressing modes, instruction formats and types of instructions of the 8085 microprocessor.
This document provides an introduction to microcomputers and microprocessors. It discusses how a microprocessor is the central processing unit (CPU) of a microcomputer. A microcomputer system consists of a CPU (microprocessor), memory, and input/output devices connected by buses. The document then traces the evolution of microprocessors from the first 4-bit Intel 4004 in 1971 to more advanced 32-bit and 64-bit processors over subsequent decades. It provides details on characteristics of important processors like the Intel 8085, 8086, 80386, and Pentium series. The document concludes with information on the internal structure of the Intel 8085 microprocessor.
The document discusses the microprocessor 8085. It covers the following topics over 5 weeks: basic concepts of microprocessors, the architecture of the 8085, addressing modes and instruction set, interrupts, and peripherals. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor that uses 246 bit patterns to form its 74 instruction set. An assembly language uses mnemonics like "INR A" to represent instructions, making programs easier for humans to understand compared to machine language.
Chapter 3 INSTRUCTION SET AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMINGFrankie Jones
3.1 UNDERSTANDING INSTRUCTION SET AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3.1.1 Define instruction set,machine and assembly language
3.1.2 Describe features and architectures of various type of microprocessor
3.1.3 Describe the Addressing Modes
3.2 APPLY ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3.2.1 Write simple program in assembly language
3.2.2 Tool in analyzing and debugging assembly language program
The document discusses the architecture of microprocessors, specifically the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the three busses (address, data, control) used by the 8085 and how they function. It then explains the internal architecture of the 8085 including registers like the program counter and stack pointer. Finally, it discusses memory organization and how the microprocessor accesses and reads/writes to memory locations.
The document provides instruction on the 8085 microprocessor instruction set. It discusses the different types of instructions including data transfer, arithmetic, and logical instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing, and decrementing. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations like AND and OR. The document provides examples of common instructions and explains their purpose and functionality.
This document provides information about the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It begins by explaining what an instruction is - a binary pattern that performs a specific function inside a microprocessor. It then discusses the different types of instructions in the 8085 instruction set, including data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, branching instructions, and control instructions. For each type of instruction, it provides examples and explains how the instruction works. It covers 13 different data transfer instructions in detail, such as MOV, MVI, LDA, STA, and more. It also briefly discusses arithmetic instructions for addition and subtraction. The document serves as a guide to the various instructions supported by the 8085 microprocessor.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It contains 13 categories of instructions - data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. The data transfer instructions include MOV, MVI, LDA, STA, etc. The arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, decrement. Some examples of instructions and their operations are provided.
The document discusses various instructions of the 8085 processor. It explains instructions like LXI, HLT, LDAX, CMP, STA, and SHLD with examples. LXI loads a 16-bit address into register pairs. HLT halts the processor. LDAX loads the accumulator from memory using an extended register pair. CMP compares data and sets flags. STA stores the accumulator contents in memory. SHLD stores register HL pair contents in memory using direct addressing. It also covers data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching and control instructions of the 8085 instruction set.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It discusses the different types of instructions such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. It provides details on specific instructions like MOV, MVI, ADD, SUB etc. and explains their operation, opcode, operands and purpose with examples. The 8085 has 246 instructions that are 8-bit binary values called opcodes. The data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment and decrement.
Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor. It handles 8-bit data at a time. One byte consists of 8-bits.A memory location for Intel 8085 microprocessor is designed to accumulate 8-bit data. If 16-bit data are to be stored, they are stored in consecutive memory locations. The address of memory location is 0f 16-bit i.e. 2 bytes. In this slide we have discussed about the various instructions set of INTEL 8085 micrpoprocessor.
The 8085 microprocessor has 246 instructions that are represented by 8-bit binary opcodes. The instruction set includes data transfer instructions to move data between registers and memory, arithmetic instructions to perform operations like addition and subtraction, logical instructions for AND, OR, XOR operations, branching instructions to change program flow, and control instructions. Common data transfer instructions include MOV, MVI, LXI, LDA, STA. Arithmetic instructions include ADD, SUB, INR, DCR. Logical instructions include AND, OR, XOR, CMP, CMA.
The 8085 microprocessor has a 8-bit instruction set containing 246 instructions. The instructions are classified into different types such as data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement. Logical instructions perform AND, OR, XOR, compare, and rotate operations. Branching instructions alter the program flow. Control instructions control the operation of the microprocessor.
The document discusses the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the internal structure of the 8085 including the accumulator, flag register, general purpose registers, stack pointer and program counter. It also covers the instruction set of 8085 including data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching and machine control instructions as well as addressing modes, instruction format and timing.
This document summarizes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It is divided into 5 categories: data transfer operations, arithmetic operations, logical operations, branching operations, and machine control operations. The data transfer operations include instructions to move data between registers and memory locations. The arithmetic operations allow adding, subtracting, incrementing and decrementing values. The logical operations perform AND, OR, XOR and other logical functions. Branching operations allow unconditional and conditional jumps to alter the program flow. Machine control instructions control execution flow.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It has 246 instructions that are 8-bits long and classified into different types like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing and decrementing registers and memory locations.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It has 246 instructions that are 8-bit binary patterns to perform specific functions. The instructions are classified into different types like data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branching, and control instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, incrementing and decrementing registers and memory locations.
The document provides details about the various instructions in the 8085 instruction set. It describes 3 categories of instructions - data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, and logical/branching instructions. The data transfer instructions include instructions to move data between registers and memory, load/store registers from/to memory. The arithmetic instructions cover addition, subtraction, increment/decrement operations. The logical/branching instructions include compare, logical (AND, OR, XOR) and conditional/unconditional branch instructions. Each instruction is described in terms of its opcode, operands, functionality and examples.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It includes data transfer, arithmetic, and branching instructions. Data transfer instructions move data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions perform operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement. Branching instructions allow unconditional or conditional jumps in the program flow.
The document describes an 8085 microprocessor system and trainer kit. It includes:
- An 8-bit 8085 microprocessor as the CPU.
- Up to 64KB of RAM and 8KB of EPROM memory.
- A 16-bit timer, 8255 I/O ports, and RS-232 interface.
- A keyboard, 7-segment LED display, and connectors for inputs/outputs.
The document provides information about the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the 8085 as an 8-bit processor with 40 pins that can access 64KB of memory and 256 I/O ports. It has 5 hardware interrupts, 8 general purpose registers including the program counter and stack pointer, and provides 74 instructions across 5 addressing modes.
The document provides information about the 8085 microprocessor. It describes the 8085 as an 8-bit processor with 40 pins that can access 64KB of memory and 256 I/O ports. It has 5 hardware interrupts, 8 general purpose registers including the program counter and stack pointer, and provides 74 instructions across 5 addressing modes.
The document provides an overview of the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It is divided into 5 categories: data transfer group, arithmetic group, logic group, branch group, and stack, I/O and machine control group. Each category contains several instructions and examples are given to illustrate how each instruction works by showing the initial and final register values and flags affected. The document aims to explain the various instructions that the 8085 microprocessor can execute.
This document discusses the instruction set of the 8085 microprocessor. It is divided into 5 categories: data transfer, arithmetic, logic, branch, and stack/I/O control. Examples are provided for common instructions like MOV, ADD, SUB, AND, OR, etc. along with explanations of how they work and which flags they affect. An example program is given that performs a logical operation to reset the last 4 bits of a number and stores the result in memory.
Data acquisition involves sampling signals from physical processes, converting the analog signals to digital numeric values, and processing the data with a computer. Data acquisition systems typically use transducers to sense physical variables and convert them to electrical signals, condition the signals for analog to digital conversion, and convert the signals to digital formats for computer processing, analysis, storage and display. Signal conditioning improves signal quality and may include amplification, isolation, filtering and linearization. Analog to digital converters change analog voltage or current levels into digital values that computers can process.
Methods for Voltage Stability EnhancementRavi Anand
This document discusses various methods for enhancing voltage stability in power systems, including using lower power factor generators, capacitor banks, controlling transformer tap changers, undervoltage load shedding, coordination of protections and controls, control of network voltage and generator reactive output, use of FACTS devices, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, excitation control, booster transformers, phase shifting transformers, secondary voltage regulation, series capacitors, and must-run generation. It provides details on how each method can be implemented and their effectiveness.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved giving either the new drug or a placebo to 100 volunteers aged 65-80 over a 6 month period. Testing showed those receiving the drug experienced statistically significant improvements in short-term memory retention and processing speed compared to the placebo group.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL COMMUNICATION {MODULATION}Ravi Anand
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The 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit CPU launched by Intel in 1978. It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1MB of memory. The 8086 architecture partitions the CPU logic into two functional units - the Bus Interface Unit which handles external transactions, and the Execution Unit which performs decoding and execution. This separation improves processing speed by allowing parallel instruction fetching and execution via pipelining. The 8086 uses memory segmentation to access more memory than its 16-bit registers allow, dividing the 1MB address space into 64KB segments addressed using segment and offset registers.
The document discusses microprocessors, microcontrollers, and the 8085 microprocessor. It defines a microprocessor as a programmable device that performs arithmetic and logical operations on numbers according to a stored program. A microcontroller is similar but has memory and I/O functions integrated on a single chip. The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor with 40 pins that can address 64KB of memory and has 74 instructions across 5 addressing modes. It uses multiplexed address and data lines to reduce pins.
The document describes the instruction set of the 8086 microprocessor. It discusses 6 types of instructions supported: 1) data transfer instructions, 2) arithmetic instructions, 3) logical instructions, 4) string manipulation instructions, 5) process control instructions, and 6) control transfer instructions. Details are provided on the various instructions under each type, including their mnemonics and functions.
The 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit CPU launched by Intel in 1978. It has a 16-bit data bus and 20-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 1MB of memory. The 8086 architecture partitions the CPU logic into two functional units - the Bus Interface Unit which handles external transactions, and the Execution Unit which performs decoding and execution. This separation improves processing speed by allowing parallel instruction fetching and execution via pipelining. The 8086 uses memory segmentation to access more memory than its 16-bit registers allow, dividing the 1MB address space into 64KB segments addressed using segment and offset registers.
The 8086 instruction set is the native instruction set of the Intel 8086 CPU. It includes basic arithmetic and logic instructions like ADD, SUB, AND, OR, as well as data transfer instructions like MOV, PUSH, POP. The instruction set also features conditional jump and loop instructions like JMP, JZ, JNZ, LOOP for control flow.
The 8086 instruction set includes 8 categories of instructions: data transfer, arithmetic, branch, loop, machine control, flag manipulation, shift/rotate, and string instructions. Some key instructions include MOV for data transfer, PUSH/POP for stack operations, ADD/SUB for arithmetic, JMP for branching, LOOP for looping, and SHIFT/ROTATE for bitwise operations.
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2. Classification Of Instruction Set
There are 5 categories:
• (1) Data Transfer Instruction,
• (2) Arithmetic Instructions,
• (3) Logical Instructions,
• (4) Branching Instructions,
• (5) Control Instructions,
3. (1) Data Transfer Instructions
• MOV Rd, Rs
• MOV M, Rs
• MOV Rd, M
• This instruction copies the contents of the
source register into the destination register.
• The contents of the source register are not
altered.
• Example: MOV B,A or MOV M,B or MOV C,M
4. A 20 B 20
A F
B 30 C
D E
H 20 L 50
A 20 B
BEFORE EXECUTION AFTER EXECUTION
MOV B,A
A F
B 30 C
D E
H 20 L 50
A F
B C
D E
H 20 L 50
A F
B C 40
D E
H 20 L 50
MOV M,B
MOV C,M
40 40
30
5. (2) Data Transfer Instructions
• MVI R, Data(8-bit)
• MVI M, Data(8-bit)
• The 8-bit immediate data is stored in the
destination register (R) or memory (M), R is
general purpose 8 bit register such as
A,B,C,D,E,H and L.
• Example: MVI B, 60H or MVI M, 40H
6. A F
B C
D E
H L
A F
B 60 C
D E
H L
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
MVI B,60H
40
HL=2050H
2051H
204FH 204FH
HL=2050H
2051H
MVI M,40H
BEFORE EXECUTION AFTER EXECUTION
7. (3) Data Transfer Instructions
• LDA 16-bit address
• The contents of a memory location, specified
by a 16-bit address in the operand, are
copied to the accumulator (A).
• The contents of the source are not altered.
• Example: LDA 2000H
9. (4) Data Transfer Instructions
• LDAX Register Pair
• Load accumulator (A) with the contents of
memory location whose address is specified
by BC or DE or register pair.
• The contents of either the register pair or the
memory location are not altered.
• Example: LDAX D
10. A F
B C
D 20 E 30
A 80 F
B C
D 20 E 30
80 80
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
LDAX D
2030H 2030H
11. (5) Data Transfer Instructions
• STA 16-bit address
• The contents of accumulator are copied into
the memory location i.e. address specified by
the operand in the instruction.
• Example: STA 2000 H
12. A 50 A 50
50
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
STA 2000H2000H 2000H
13. (6) Data Transfer Instructions
• STAX Register Pair
• Store the contents of accumulator (A) into
the memory location whose address is
specified by BC Or DE register pair.
• Example: STAX B
14. A 50 F
B 10 C 20
D E
A 50 F
B 10 C 20
D E
50
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
STAX B
1020H 1020H
15. (7) Data Transfer Instructions
• SHLD 16-bit address
• Store H-L register pair in memory.
• The contents of register L are stored into
memory location specified by the 16-bit
address.
• The contents of register H are stored into the
next memory location.
• Example: SHLD 2500 H
16. H 30 L 60
BEFORE EXECUTION AFTER EXECUTION
60
30
H 30 L 60
SHLD 2500H2500H 2500H
204FH
2502H
204FH
2502H
17. (8) Data Transfer Instructions
• XCHG
• The contents of register H are exchanged
with the contents of register D.
• The contents of register L are exchanged with
the contents of register E.
• Example: XCHG
18. D 20 E 40
H 70 L 80
D 70 E 80
H 20 L 40
BEFORE EXECUTION AFTER EXECUTION
XCHG
19. (9) Data Transfer Instructions
• SPHL
• Move data from H-L pair to the Stack Pointer
(SP)
• This instruction loads the contents of H-L pair
into SP.
• Example: SPHL
20. H 25 L 00
SP
BEFORE EXECUTION
AFTER EXECUTION
H 25 L 00
SP 2500
SPHL
21. (10) Data Transfer Instructions
• XTHL
• Exchange H–L with top of stack
• The contents of L register are exchanged with
the location pointed out by the contents of
the SP.
• The contents of H register are exchanged
with the next location (SP + 1).
• Example: XTHL
23. (11) Data Transfer Instructions
• PCHL
• Load program counter with H-L contents
• The contents of registers H and L are copied into
the program counter (PC).
• The contents of H are placed as the high-order
byte and the contents of L as the low-order
byte.
•
25. (12) Data Transfer Instructions
• IN 8-bit port address
• Copy data to accumulator from a port with 8-
bit address.
• The contents of I/O port are copied into
accumulator.
• Example: IN 80 H
26. 10 A
10 A 10
BEFORE EXECUTION
AFTER EXECUTION
IN 80H
PORT 80H
PORT 80H
27. (13) Data Transfer Instructions
• OUT 8-bit port address
• Copy data from accumulator to a port with 8-
bit address
• The contents of accumulator are copied into
the I/O port.
• Example: OUT 50 H
28. 10 A 40
40 A 40
BEFORE EXECUTION
AFTER EXECUTION
OUT 50H
PORT 50H
PORT 50H
30. (1) Arithematic Instructions
• ADD R
• ADD M
• The contents of register or memory are added
to the contents of accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• If the operand is memory location, its address is
specified by H-L pair.
• Example: ADD C or ADD M
31. B C 30
D E
H L
B C 30
D E
H L
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
B C
D E
H 20 L 50
B C
D E
H 20 L 50
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
A 20
A 50A 20
A 30
ADD C
A=A+R
ADD M
A=A+M
10 10
2050 2050
32. (2) Arithematic Instructions
• ADC R
• ADC M
• The contents of register or memory and Carry Flag
(CY) are added to the contents of accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• If the operand is memory location, its address is
specified by H-L pair. All flags are modified to reflect
the result of the addition.
• Example: ADC C or ADC M
33. B C 20
D E
H L
A 50
B C 20
D E
H L
A 71
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
ADC C
A=A+R+CY
CY 1 CY 0
CY 1 CY 0
A 20 A 51
H 20 L 50 H 20 L 50
ADC M
A=A+M+CY
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
30 302050H 2050H
34. (3) Arithematic Instructions
• ADI 8-bit data
• The 8-bit data is added to the contents of
accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• Example: ADI 10 H
35. A 50 A 60
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
ADI 10H
A=A+DATA(8)
36. (4) Arithematic Instructions
• ACI 8-bit data
• The 8-bit data and the Carry Flag (CY) are
added to the contents of accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• Example: ACI 20 H
37. CY 1 CY 0
A 30 A 51
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
ACI 20H
A=A+DATA
(8)+CY
38. (5) Arithematic Instructions
• DAD Register pair
• The 16-bit contents of the register pair are
added to the contents of H-L pair.
• The result is stored in H-L pair.
• If the result is larger than 16 bits, then CY is
set.
• Example: DAD D
40. (6) Arithematic Instructions
• SUB R
• SUB M
• The contents of the register or memory location are
subtracted from the contents of the accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• If the operand is memory location, its address is
specified by H-L pair.
• Example: SUB B or SUB M
41. B 30 C
D E
H L
A 50
B 30 C
D E
H L
A 20
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
SUB B
A=A-R
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
A 50 A 40
H
10
L
20
H
10
L
20
SUB M
A=A-M
10 10
1020H1020H
42. (7) Arithematic Instructions
• SBB R
• SBB M
• The contents of the register or memory location and
Borrow Flag (i.e.CY) are subtracted from the contents of
the accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• If the operand is memory location, its address is specified
by H-L pair.
• Example: SBB C or SBB M
43. B C 20
D E
H L
A 40
CY 1
B C 20
D E
H L
A 19
CY 0
SBB C
A=A-R-CY
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY 1
A 50
H
20
L
50
CY 0
A 39
H
20
L
50
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
SBB M
A=A-M-CY
10 10
2050H 2050H
44. (8) Arithematic Instructions
• SUI 8-bit data
• OPERATION: A=A-DATA(8)
• The 8-bit immediate data is subtracted from
the contents of the accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• Example: SUI 45 H
45. (9) Arithematic Instructions
• SBI 8-bit data
• The 8-bit data and the Borrow Flag (i.e. CY) is
subtracted from the contents of the
accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• Example: SBI 20 H
46. CY 1
A 50
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY 0
A 29SBI 20H
A=A-DATA(8)-CY
47. (10) Arithematic Instructions
• INR R
• INR M
• The contents of register or memory location are
incremented by 1.
• The result is stored in the same place.
• If the operand is a memory location, its address
is specified by the contents of H-L pair.
• Example: INR B or INR M
48. B 10 C
D E
H L
A
B 11 C
D E
H L
A
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
H
20
L
50
H
20
L
50
30 31
2050H 2050H
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
INR M
M=M+1
B 10 C
D E
H L
A
BEFORE EXECUTION
INR B
R=R+1
49. (11) Arithematic Instructions
• INX Rp
• The contents of register pair are incremented
by 1.
• The result is stored in the same place.
• Example: INX H
50. B C
D E
H 10 L 20
B C
D E
H 11 L 21
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
SPSP
INX H
RP=RP+1
51. (12) Arithematic Instructions
• DCR R
• DCR M
• The contents of register or memory location are
decremented by 1.
• The result is stored in the same place.
• If the operand is a memory location, its address
is specified by the contents of H-L pair.
• Example: DCR E or DCR M
52. B C
D E 19
H L
A
AFTER EXECUTION
B C
D E 20
H L
A
BEFORE EXECUTION
DCR E
R=R-1
H
20
L
50
H
20
L
5021 20
2050H
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
DCR M
M=M-1
2050H
53. (13) Arithematic Instructions
• DCX Rp
• The contents of register pair are decremented
by 1.
• The result is stored in the same place.
• Example: DCX D
54. B C
D 10 E 20
H L
B C
D 10 E 19
H L
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
SPSP
DCX D
RP=RP-1
55. (1) Logical Instructions
• ANA R
• ANA M
• AND specified data in register or memory with
accumulator.
• Store the result in accumulator (A).
• Example: ANA B, ANA M
56. B 10 C
D E
H L
A
B 0F C
D E
H L
A 0A
AFTER EXECUTION
ANA B
A=A and R
B 0F C
D E
H L
A AA
BEFORE EXECUTION
CY AC CY 0 AC 1
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY AC CY 0 AC 1
A 11A 55
H 20 L 50 H 20 L 50
B3 B3
2050H
ANA M
A=A and M
2050H
1010 1010=AAH
0000 1111=0FH
0000 1010=0AH
0101 0101=55H
1011 0011=B3H
0001 0001=11H
57. (2) Logical Instructions
• ANI 8-bit data
• AND 8-bit data with accumulator (A).
• Store the result in accumulator (A)
• Example: ANI 3FH
58. CY AC
A B3
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY 0 AC 1
A 33
ANI 3FH
A=A and DATA(8)
1011 0011=B3H
0011 1111=3FH
0011 0011=33H
59. (3) Logical Instructions
• XRA Register (8-bit)
• XOR specified register with accumulator.
• Store the result in accumulator.
• Example: XRA C
60. B 10 C
D E
H L
A
B C 2D
D E
H L
A 87
AFTER EXECUTION
XRA C
A=A xor R
B C 2D
D E
H L
A AA
BEFORE EXECUTION
CY AC CY 0 AC 0
1010 1010=AAH
0010 1101=2DH
1000 0111=87H
61. (4) Logical Instructions
• XRA M
• XOR data in memory (memory location
pointed by H-L pair) with Accumulator.
• Store the result in Accumulator.
• Example: XRA M
62. H 20 L 50
A 55
AFTER EXECUTION
XRA M
A=A xor M
BEFORE EXECUTION
CY AC CY 0 AC 0
0101 0101=55H
1011 0011=B3H
1110 0110=E6H
H 20 L 50
A E6
B3 B3
2050H 2050H
63. (5) Logical Instructions
• XRI 8-bit data
• XOR 8-bit immediate data with accumulator (A).
• Store the result in accumulator.
• Example: XRI 39H
64. CY AC
A B3
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY 0 AC 0
A 8A
XRI 39H
A=A xor DATA(8)
1011 0011=B3H
0011 1001=39H
1000 1010=8AH
65. (6) Logical Instructions
• ORA Register
• OR specified register with accumulator (A).
• Store the result in accumulator.
• Example: ORA B
66. AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY AC
ORA B
A=A or R
1010 1010=AAH
0001 0010=12H
1011 1010=BAH
B 12 C
D E
H L
A AA
B 12 C
D E
H L
A BA
CY 0 AC 0
67. (7) Logical Instructions
• ORA M
• OR specified register with accumulator (A).
• Store the result in accumulator.
• Example: ORA M
68. AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY AC
ORA M
A=A or M
0101 0101=55H
1011 0011=B3H
1111 0111=F7H
H 20 L 50
A 55 A F7
CY 0 AC 0
H 20 L 50
B3 B3
2050H 2050H
69. (8) Logical Instructions
• ORI 8-bit data
• OR 8-bit data with accumulator (A).
• Store the result in accumulator.
• Example: ORI 08H
70. CY AC
A B3
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY 0 AC 0
A BB
ORI 08H
A=A or DATA(8)
1011 0011=B3H
0000 1000=08H
1011 1011=BBH
71. (9) Logical Instructions
• CMP Register
• CMP M
• Compare specified data in register or memory
with accumulator (A).
• Store the result in accumulator.
• Example: CMP D or CMP M
72. B 10 C
D E
H L
A
B C
D B9 E
H L
A B8
AFTER EXECUTION
CMP D
A-R
B C
D B9 E
H L
A B8
BEFORE EXECUTION
CY Z CY 0 Z 0
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY Z CY 0 Z 1
A B8A B8
H 20 L 50 H 20 L 50
B8 B8
2050H
CMP M
A-M
2050H
A>R: CY=0,Z=0
A=R: CY=0,Z=1
A<R: CY=1,Z=0
A>M: CY=0,Z=0
A=M: CY=0,Z=1
A<M: CY=1,Z=0
73. (10) Logical Instructions
• CPI 8-bit data
• Compare 8-bit immediate data with
accumulator (A).
• Store the result in accumulator.
• Example: CPI 30H
74. CY Z
A BA
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
CY 0 AC 0
A BA
CPI 30H
A-DATA
A>DATA: CY=0,Z=0
A=DATA: CY=0,Z=1
A<DATA: CY=1,Z=0
1011 1010=BAH
80. (14) Logical Instructions
• RLC
• Rotate accumulator left
• Each binary bit of the accumulator is rotated left
by one position.
• Bit D7 is placed in the position of D0 as well as
in the Carry flag.
• CY is modified according to bit D7.
• Example: RLC.
82. (15) Logical Instructions
• RRC
• Rotate accumulator right
• Each binary bit of the accumulator is rotated right by
one
• position.
• Bit D0 is placed in the position of D7 as well as in the
Carry flag.
• CY is modified according to bit D0.
• Example: RRC.
84. (16) Logical Instructions
• RAL
• Rotate accumulator left through carry
• Each binary bit of the accumulator is rotated left
by one position through the Carry flag.
• Bit D7 is placed in the Carry flag, and the Carry
flag is placed in the least significant position D0.
• CY is modified according to bit D7.
• Example: RAL.
86. (17) Logical Instructions
• RAR
• Rotate accumulator right through carry
• Each binary bit of the accumulator is rotated left
by one position through the Carry flag.
• Bit D7 is placed in the Carry flag, and the Carry
flag is placed in the least significant position D0.
• CY is modified according to bit D7.
• Example: RAR
88. Branching Instructions
• The branch group instructions allows the
microprocessor to change the sequence of
program either conditionally or under certain
test conditions. The group includes,
• (1) Jump instructions,
• (2) Call and Return instructions,
• (3) Restart instructions,
89. (1) Branching Instructions
• JUMP ADDRESS
• BEFORE EXECUTION AFTER EXECUTION
• Jump unconditionally to the address.
• The instruction loads the PC with the address
given within the instruction and resumes the
program execution from specified location.
• Example: JMP 200H
PC PC 2000JMP 2000H
91. (2) Branching Instructions
• CALL address
• Call unconditionally a subroutine whose
starting address given within the
instruction and used to transfer
program control to a subprogram or
subroutine.
• Example: CALL 2000H
92. Conditional Calls
Instruction Code Description Condition for CALL
CC Call on carry CY=1
CNC Call on not carry CY=0
CP Call on positive S=0
CM Call on minus S=1
CPE Call on parity even P=1
CPO Call on parity odd P=0
CZ Call on zero Z=1
CNZ Call on not zero Z=0
93. (3) Branching Instructions
• RET
• Return from the subroutine unconditionally.
• This instruction takes return address from
the stack and loads the program counter
with this address.
• Example: RET
94. SP 27FD
PC
00
62
SP 27FF
PC 6200
00
62
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
RET
27FFH
27FEH
27FDH
27FFH
27FEH
27FDH
95. (4) Branching Instructions
• RST n
• Restart n (0 to 7)
• This instruction transfers the program
control to a specific memory address. The
processor multiplies the RST number by 8 to
calculate the vector address.
• Example: RST 6
96. SP 3000
PC 2000
SP 2999
PC 0030
01
20
AFTER EXECUTIONBEFORE EXECUTION
RST 6
3000H
2FFFH
2FFEH
SP-1
ADDRESS OF THE NEXT INSTRUCTION IS 2001H
3000H
2FFFH
2FFEH
98. (1) Control Instructions
• NOP
• No operation
• No operation is performed.
• The instruction is fetched and decoded but no
operation is executed.
• Example: NOP
99. (2) Control Instructions
• HLT
• Halt
• The CPU finishes executing the current
instruction and halts any further execution.
• An interrupt or reset is necessary to exit from
the halt state.
• Example: HLT
100. (3) Control Instructions
RST5.5 Mask
RST6.5 Mask
RST7.5 Mask
}
0 – Available
(not masked)
1 - Masked
Mask Set Enable 0 -
Ignore bits 0-2
1 - Set the masks
according to bits 0-2
Force RST7.5 Flip Flop to
reset
Not Used
Enable Serial Data
0 - Ignore bit 7
1 - Send bit 7 to SOD
pin
Serial Data Output
While EI/DI instructions enable/disable all maskable interrupts at once, SIM
instruction can be used to selectively mask (or disable) 3 out of 4 maskable
interrupts which are RST7.5,RST6.5 & RST5.5. Fourth maskable interrupt INTR
can only be enabled/disabled by using EI/DI instructions.
SIM instruction can be used to perform two different tasks: 1. For masking of 3
interrupts 2. For serial data transmission (Each time a SIM instruction is executed, 7th
bit
of Accumulator is automatically copied to SOD pin of 8085)
101. Example of how to use SIM instruction in any program
Example problem:- Set the interrupt masks so that RST5.5 is enabled, RST6.5 is
masked & RST7.5 is enabled.
• We can determine the bit pattern as per format of SIM instruction given below:
- Enable 5.5
- Disable 6.5
- Enable 7.5
- Allow setting the
masks
- Don’t reset the flip flop
- Bit 5 is not used
- Don’t use serial data
- Serial data is ignored
bit 0 = 0
bit 1 = 1
bit 2 = 0
bit 3 = 1
bit 4 = 0
bit 5 = 0
bit 6 = 0
bit 7 = 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Contents of accumulator are:
0AH
EI
MVI A,
0A SIM
• Now use following set of instructions to implement required masks using SIM
First of all enable all interrupts using EI instruction without using which SIM wouldn't be
effective
Move the prepared bit pattern (0AH here) to Accumulator
SIM instruction interprets contents of Accumulator same as per the above format &
performs the desired operation of masking the respective interrupts
102. (4) Control Instructions
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RST5.5 Mask
RST6.5 Mask
RST7.5 Mask
}
Indicates current
masking status of
interrupts set by user
(using SIM)
0 - Available
1 - Masked
Status of Interrupt Enable Flip Flop: 1
Set 0 Reset
Serial Data In
RST5.5 Interrupt
Pending RST6.5
Interrupt Pending
RST7.5 Interrupt
Pending
Like SIM instruction, RIM can be used to perform two different tasks: 1. To read
current status of 3 maskable interrupts 2. For serial data reception (Each time a SIM
instruction is executed, the bit present on SID pin of 8085 is automatically moved to 7th
bit of the Accumulator)
Pending Interrupts: Since the 8085 has 5 interrupt lines, another interrupts may
occur while an interrupt is being attended and thus remain pending. Such
interrupts are called pending interrupts & would be attended as soon as ISR of
current interrupt is executed. A programmer may know the status (current value
of high/low on the respective interrupt pin) of such interrupts anytime by using
RIM instruction.