Biofortification Provitamin A Maize in ZambiaWorldFish
Biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato was disseminated in Mozambique and Uganda from 2006 to 2009 through the HarvestPlus Reaching End Users project. The project successfully promoted adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potato, with 77% of households in Mozambique and 65% in Uganda adopting the crop. The intervention led to significant increases in vitamin A intake among children and women, due to increased consumption of the biofortified sweet potato.
This document discusses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) fast screening technology to support iron and zinc biofortification of potatoes. Calibrations for iron and zinc concentration in potato tubers using XRF were established, showing strong correlations. Training courses in Bangladesh and Rwanda built capacity for nutritional quality evaluation of potatoes, including sampling, sample preparation to avoid contamination, and basics of mineral analysis by XRF. XRF allows high-throughput, low-cost screening of minerals in potatoes to support biofortification programs addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
Small and large scale poultry in Mexico, Ghana and UgandaILRI
Presented by Sammy Aggrey, University of Georgia, at the Workshop on Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheatExternalEvents
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheat presentation by Melissa Fitzgerald, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Quality protein maize biofortification for nutritional securitynirupma_2008
Maize is a versatile crop, used as human food, livestock feed and raw material in industries. Being robust and extremely adaptable in various agro-climatic conditions, it is a favourite crop of farmers throughout the world. For majority of the population, especially rural poor maize constitutes the main bulk of the daily diet. But, the concern lies in the insufficient protein quality and quantity in maize grain leading to malnutrition. Its nutritional value is limited by the low levels of essential amino acids, particularly lysine and tryptophan. In maize endosperm, zein constitutes 50 to 70% of storage protein which is abundant in glutamine, leucine and proline but devoid of the essential amino acids viz., lysine and tryptophan (Prasanna 2001 ; Gibbon and Larkins, 2005; Wu et al., 2010). The discovery of a natural mutation called opaque2 (o2) in 1960’s, caused reduction of zein and increase in non-zein proteins in maize grain doubling the level of lysine (Mertz et al., 1964; Krivanek et al., 2007; Wu et al.,2010). However, the o2 mutation had negative pleiotropic effects that resulted in soft, chalky and dull endosperm, (Babu et al., 2005) leading to decrease in grain den¬sity, increase in susceptibility to attacks by pests and diseases and decrease in productivity. These defects were ameoliarated by the efforts of plant breeders by selecting o2 lines with hard, translucent (vitreous) kernels that retained high lysine content. These modified opaque lines had loci called “modifiers” and such genotypes were called “Quality Protein Maize” (--1,--3,--6, Ortega and Bates, 1983; Villegas et al., 1992; Toro, 2001).
BIOFORTIFICATION OF STAPLE CROPS: PROVITAMIN A CASSAVA AS A CASE STUDYCosmos Onyiba
Biofortification refers to micronutrient enrichment of staple crops through plant breeding, to address the negative economic and health consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in humans. It is the process of increasing the bioavailable micronutrient density of staple crops through conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology to achieve a measurable and positive impact on human health.. Currently, agronomic, conventional, and transgenic biofortification are three common approaches. Progress has been made in breeding orange sweetpotato, provitamin A maize, provitamin A cassava, high zinc rice and high zinc wheat, and high iron beans and high iron pearl millet via conventional breeding. Transgenic biofortification is used when genetic variability for vitamin and mineral targets is too low to meet the desired target levels, or for crops that are very difficult to breed, such as banana. The biofortification of cassava with Provitamin A (beta-carotene) was achieved through pure line and hybrid seed technology as well as genetic engineering. The provitamin A carotenoid in biofortified cassava is primarily β-carotene. In white cassava, there may be trace amounts of β-carotene, which may be present in concentrations as low as 1 mg/g fresh weigh or 3 mg/g dry weigh. Due to the instability of beta-carotene, cooking and processing methods can affect the retention of β-carotene in cassava leading to decrease bioavailability and bioefficacy.
This document discusses biofortification of rice through conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques. It provides a brief history of rice hybridization research and development. It then discusses various methods used to biofortify rice with micronutrients like vitamin A, folate, iron, zinc, and lysine. Case studies on developing golden rice enriched with beta-carotene and rice enriched with soy glycinin protein are described. Advantages of biofortified rice in reducing micronutrient deficiencies and disadvantages related to costs and access are noted.
Biofortification Provitamin A Maize in ZambiaWorldFish
Biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato was disseminated in Mozambique and Uganda from 2006 to 2009 through the HarvestPlus Reaching End Users project. The project successfully promoted adoption of orange-fleshed sweet potato, with 77% of households in Mozambique and 65% in Uganda adopting the crop. The intervention led to significant increases in vitamin A intake among children and women, due to increased consumption of the biofortified sweet potato.
This document discusses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) fast screening technology to support iron and zinc biofortification of potatoes. Calibrations for iron and zinc concentration in potato tubers using XRF were established, showing strong correlations. Training courses in Bangladesh and Rwanda built capacity for nutritional quality evaluation of potatoes, including sampling, sample preparation to avoid contamination, and basics of mineral analysis by XRF. XRF allows high-throughput, low-cost screening of minerals in potatoes to support biofortification programs addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
Small and large scale poultry in Mexico, Ghana and UgandaILRI
Presented by Sammy Aggrey, University of Georgia, at the Workshop on Animal Genetic Research for Africa (Biosciences for Farming in Africa), Nairobi, 10-11 September 2015
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheatExternalEvents
Application of biotechnologies in improving the quality of rice and wheat presentation by Melissa Fitzgerald, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Quality protein maize biofortification for nutritional securitynirupma_2008
Maize is a versatile crop, used as human food, livestock feed and raw material in industries. Being robust and extremely adaptable in various agro-climatic conditions, it is a favourite crop of farmers throughout the world. For majority of the population, especially rural poor maize constitutes the main bulk of the daily diet. But, the concern lies in the insufficient protein quality and quantity in maize grain leading to malnutrition. Its nutritional value is limited by the low levels of essential amino acids, particularly lysine and tryptophan. In maize endosperm, zein constitutes 50 to 70% of storage protein which is abundant in glutamine, leucine and proline but devoid of the essential amino acids viz., lysine and tryptophan (Prasanna 2001 ; Gibbon and Larkins, 2005; Wu et al., 2010). The discovery of a natural mutation called opaque2 (o2) in 1960’s, caused reduction of zein and increase in non-zein proteins in maize grain doubling the level of lysine (Mertz et al., 1964; Krivanek et al., 2007; Wu et al.,2010). However, the o2 mutation had negative pleiotropic effects that resulted in soft, chalky and dull endosperm, (Babu et al., 2005) leading to decrease in grain den¬sity, increase in susceptibility to attacks by pests and diseases and decrease in productivity. These defects were ameoliarated by the efforts of plant breeders by selecting o2 lines with hard, translucent (vitreous) kernels that retained high lysine content. These modified opaque lines had loci called “modifiers” and such genotypes were called “Quality Protein Maize” (--1,--3,--6, Ortega and Bates, 1983; Villegas et al., 1992; Toro, 2001).
BIOFORTIFICATION OF STAPLE CROPS: PROVITAMIN A CASSAVA AS A CASE STUDYCosmos Onyiba
Biofortification refers to micronutrient enrichment of staple crops through plant breeding, to address the negative economic and health consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in humans. It is the process of increasing the bioavailable micronutrient density of staple crops through conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology to achieve a measurable and positive impact on human health.. Currently, agronomic, conventional, and transgenic biofortification are three common approaches. Progress has been made in breeding orange sweetpotato, provitamin A maize, provitamin A cassava, high zinc rice and high zinc wheat, and high iron beans and high iron pearl millet via conventional breeding. Transgenic biofortification is used when genetic variability for vitamin and mineral targets is too low to meet the desired target levels, or for crops that are very difficult to breed, such as banana. The biofortification of cassava with Provitamin A (beta-carotene) was achieved through pure line and hybrid seed technology as well as genetic engineering. The provitamin A carotenoid in biofortified cassava is primarily β-carotene. In white cassava, there may be trace amounts of β-carotene, which may be present in concentrations as low as 1 mg/g fresh weigh or 3 mg/g dry weigh. Due to the instability of beta-carotene, cooking and processing methods can affect the retention of β-carotene in cassava leading to decrease bioavailability and bioefficacy.
This document discusses biofortification of rice through conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques. It provides a brief history of rice hybridization research and development. It then discusses various methods used to biofortify rice with micronutrients like vitamin A, folate, iron, zinc, and lysine. Case studies on developing golden rice enriched with beta-carotene and rice enriched with soy glycinin protein are described. Advantages of biofortified rice in reducing micronutrient deficiencies and disadvantages related to costs and access are noted.
Importance of Conservation Agriculture in Nepaltikakarki2014
This document summarizes a multi-phase study on weed competition and conservation agriculture for smallholder maize farmers in Nepal. A farmer survey found labor constraints and heavy weed pressures. On-farm trials showed weed populations were much higher than recommended thresholds and that maintaining the recommended maize crop population density increased yields by over 160% compared to farmer practices. Ongoing on-station trials are evaluating no-till and residue retention practices with fertilizer amendments on maize-rice rotations.
Bio fortification through Genetic EngineeringBalaji Rathod
Crop Bio-fortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value.
Bio-fortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are being processed.
This is an improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor, who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods.
Molecular breeding for quality protein maizeRavi Nagda
- Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of lysine and tryptophan with lower amounts of leucine in the endosperm compared to normal maize.
- Two scientists from CIMMYT led the development of QPM over three decades to produce maize with a hard kernel, good taste, and disease/insect resistance.
- QPM research and development spread from Mexico to Central/South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. India released several QPM hybrids using parental lines developed from CIMMYT QPM inbreds.
Author: Febri Doni
Title: Physiological Effects and Transcriptomic Profiling of Rice Plant - Microbe Interatctions in System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Management
Presented at: The 5th International Rice Congress (SRI research side event)
Venue: Sands Expo and Convention Centre, Singapore
Date: October 16, 2018
- The document discusses the development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM), a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan.
- QPM was created through the discovery of the opaque-2 mutant in the 1930s, which increases lysine levels but causes soft kernels. Breeding efforts aimed to combine this trait with genetic modifiers to recover kernel hardness.
- India has released several QPM varieties since 1970 through conventional breeding programs at research centers. More recently, marker-assisted selection was used to shorten the time needed to develop new QPM hybrids with improved agronomic traits.
The document summarizes a seminar on the role of genetic engineering in crop biofortification. It discusses methods of biofortification including genetic and agronomic approaches. A key example provided is the development of "Golden Rice" through genetic engineering by introducing genes that complete the biosynthesis pathway for beta-carotene, a precursor for vitamin A production. The document also discusses enhancing vitamin E in maize through overexpressing a gene involved in tocotrienol biosynthesis, resulting in large increases in vitamin E content.
1. HarvestPlus has made progress in breeding staple crops like rice, wheat and beans with higher iron and zinc levels through genetic variation.
2. They have established genetic variation, baseline levels, and target levels for increasing micronutrients in crops.
3. Further research is still needed to evaluate the retention of micronutrients during processing, bioavailability to the human body, and efficacy trials to measure impact on nutrition and health.
Breeding for nutritional quality in pulsesDhanuja Kumar
Legumes have been part of the human diet since the early ages of agriculture. Legumes are consumed in many forms: seedling and young leaves are eaten in salads, fresh immature pods and seeds provide a green vegetable, and dry seeds are cooked in various dishes. Legume seeds provide an exceptionally varied nutrient profile, including proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals.
Breeding for nutritional quality entails an improvement primarily in protein quantity and quality which are of paramount significance.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF BREEDING FOR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
• Negative correlation between yield and protein content.
• Negative correlation between protein and sulphur containing amino acids
• Lack of proper field screening technique.
This document summarizes research conducted on developing new sweet potato varieties suited for high altitude areas in Kenya. Through farmer participatory breeding, five new varieties (Kenspot-1 to Kenspot-5) were developed that perform well across test sites between 1700-2300 masl, with moderate virus resistance and yields of 10-27 tons/ha. The varieties have desirable traits like high dry matter, beta-carotene levels and nutritional quality. They provide food security and health benefits to smallholder farmers in high altitude regions. The new varieties have been rapidly multiplied and disseminated to seven counties in Kenya.
Scientific opportunities and challenges of bio-fortificationGlo_PAN
Presentation by Andrew Westby, Director, Natural Resources Institute (University of Greenwich) at the launch event of the Global Panel's Biofortification Policy Brief.
Held at the All Party Parliamentary Group All-Party Parliamentary Group on Agriculture and Food for Development on 2 February 2015
This document provides a summary of a presentation on biofortification. It discusses how over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is introduced as a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value by increasing mineral and vitamin concentrations. Examples of biofortified crops are given, such as golden rice which has been genetically modified to produce vitamin A. The document also summarizes conventional breeding methods used to develop quality protein maize with higher lysine and tryptophan content. It concludes with information on recent biofortification efforts in India.
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
Quality protein maize—Bridging the malnutrition gapafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Peter Setimela, Edmore Gasura, Davies Melele and Oswell Ndoro for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
Bio fortification for Enhanced Nutrition in Rice by Conventional and Molecula...Sathisha TN
Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread, especially in poor populations across the globe where daily caloric intake is confined mainly to staple cereals. Rice, which is a staple food for over half of the world's population, is low in bioavailable micronutrients required for the daily diet. Improvements of the plant-based diets are therefore critical and of high economic value in order to achieve a healthy nutrition of a large segment of the human population. Rice grain biofortification has emerged as a strategic priority for alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition
The impact of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) on school children’s weight and hei...CIAT
1) A study in Colombia evaluated the impact of consuming Quality Protein Maize (QPM) through a school feeding program on school children's weight and height over 12 months.
2) While children gained weight and grew taller overall, there were no differences between groups receiving QPM, common maize, or QPM seed.
3) This was likely due to the intervention not being delivered as planned, with variations in the number of days maize was served, quantity of maize consumed, and smaller difference in amino acid concentration between maize varieties than expected.
Importance of Conservation Agriculture in Nepaltikakarki2014
This document summarizes a multi-phase study on weed competition and conservation agriculture for smallholder maize farmers in Nepal. A farmer survey found labor constraints and heavy weed pressures. On-farm trials showed weed populations were much higher than recommended thresholds and that maintaining the recommended maize crop population density increased yields by over 160% compared to farmer practices. Ongoing on-station trials are evaluating no-till and residue retention practices with fertilizer amendments on maize-rice rotations.
Bio fortification through Genetic EngineeringBalaji Rathod
Crop Bio-fortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value.
Bio-fortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are being processed.
This is an improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor, who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods.
Molecular breeding for quality protein maizeRavi Nagda
- Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of lysine and tryptophan with lower amounts of leucine in the endosperm compared to normal maize.
- Two scientists from CIMMYT led the development of QPM over three decades to produce maize with a hard kernel, good taste, and disease/insect resistance.
- QPM research and development spread from Mexico to Central/South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. India released several QPM hybrids using parental lines developed from CIMMYT QPM inbreds.
Author: Febri Doni
Title: Physiological Effects and Transcriptomic Profiling of Rice Plant - Microbe Interatctions in System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Management
Presented at: The 5th International Rice Congress (SRI research side event)
Venue: Sands Expo and Convention Centre, Singapore
Date: October 16, 2018
- The document discusses the development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM), a variety of maize that contains higher amounts of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan.
- QPM was created through the discovery of the opaque-2 mutant in the 1930s, which increases lysine levels but causes soft kernels. Breeding efforts aimed to combine this trait with genetic modifiers to recover kernel hardness.
- India has released several QPM varieties since 1970 through conventional breeding programs at research centers. More recently, marker-assisted selection was used to shorten the time needed to develop new QPM hybrids with improved agronomic traits.
The document summarizes a seminar on the role of genetic engineering in crop biofortification. It discusses methods of biofortification including genetic and agronomic approaches. A key example provided is the development of "Golden Rice" through genetic engineering by introducing genes that complete the biosynthesis pathway for beta-carotene, a precursor for vitamin A production. The document also discusses enhancing vitamin E in maize through overexpressing a gene involved in tocotrienol biosynthesis, resulting in large increases in vitamin E content.
1. HarvestPlus has made progress in breeding staple crops like rice, wheat and beans with higher iron and zinc levels through genetic variation.
2. They have established genetic variation, baseline levels, and target levels for increasing micronutrients in crops.
3. Further research is still needed to evaluate the retention of micronutrients during processing, bioavailability to the human body, and efficacy trials to measure impact on nutrition and health.
Breeding for nutritional quality in pulsesDhanuja Kumar
Legumes have been part of the human diet since the early ages of agriculture. Legumes are consumed in many forms: seedling and young leaves are eaten in salads, fresh immature pods and seeds provide a green vegetable, and dry seeds are cooked in various dishes. Legume seeds provide an exceptionally varied nutrient profile, including proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals.
Breeding for nutritional quality entails an improvement primarily in protein quantity and quality which are of paramount significance.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF BREEDING FOR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY
• Negative correlation between yield and protein content.
• Negative correlation between protein and sulphur containing amino acids
• Lack of proper field screening technique.
This document summarizes research conducted on developing new sweet potato varieties suited for high altitude areas in Kenya. Through farmer participatory breeding, five new varieties (Kenspot-1 to Kenspot-5) were developed that perform well across test sites between 1700-2300 masl, with moderate virus resistance and yields of 10-27 tons/ha. The varieties have desirable traits like high dry matter, beta-carotene levels and nutritional quality. They provide food security and health benefits to smallholder farmers in high altitude regions. The new varieties have been rapidly multiplied and disseminated to seven counties in Kenya.
Scientific opportunities and challenges of bio-fortificationGlo_PAN
Presentation by Andrew Westby, Director, Natural Resources Institute (University of Greenwich) at the launch event of the Global Panel's Biofortification Policy Brief.
Held at the All Party Parliamentary Group All-Party Parliamentary Group on Agriculture and Food for Development on 2 February 2015
This document provides a summary of a presentation on biofortification. It discusses how over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is introduced as a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value by increasing mineral and vitamin concentrations. Examples of biofortified crops are given, such as golden rice which has been genetically modified to produce vitamin A. The document also summarizes conventional breeding methods used to develop quality protein maize with higher lysine and tryptophan content. It concludes with information on recent biofortification efforts in India.
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
Quality protein maize—Bridging the malnutrition gapafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Peter Setimela, Edmore Gasura, Davies Melele and Oswell Ndoro for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
Bio fortification for Enhanced Nutrition in Rice by Conventional and Molecula...Sathisha TN
Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread, especially in poor populations across the globe where daily caloric intake is confined mainly to staple cereals. Rice, which is a staple food for over half of the world's population, is low in bioavailable micronutrients required for the daily diet. Improvements of the plant-based diets are therefore critical and of high economic value in order to achieve a healthy nutrition of a large segment of the human population. Rice grain biofortification has emerged as a strategic priority for alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition
The impact of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) on school children’s weight and hei...CIAT
1) A study in Colombia evaluated the impact of consuming Quality Protein Maize (QPM) through a school feeding program on school children's weight and height over 12 months.
2) While children gained weight and grew taller overall, there were no differences between groups receiving QPM, common maize, or QPM seed.
3) This was likely due to the intervention not being delivered as planned, with variations in the number of days maize was served, quantity of maize consumed, and smaller difference in amino acid concentration between maize varieties than expected.
Evaluation of sorghum varieties for the production of snack barsILRI
Presented by Y.B. Byaruhanga, P. Ndahilo, A. Kisambira, B. Sentongo at the First Bio-Innovate regional scientific conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
BLEANSA - An EverGreen Agriculture & Agroforestry Network for Southern AfricaFMNR Hub
BLEANSA is a network that aims to promote EverGreen Agriculture and agroforestry in southern Africa. Its objectives are to coordinate research, share experiences from past projects, influence policy, and scale up the adoption of agroforestry. Current members are from Botswana, South Africa, Mozambique, and Malawi. The network aims to be an information hub, build capacity for agroforestry development, and continuously refine practices and share policies to facilitate wider adoption of agroforestry across the region. Pilot projects in Malawi are testing the integration of fertilizer trees into agricultural subsidy programs.
This document discusses how promoting the consumption of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) products can help reduce hidden hunger in Nigeria. Bambara groundnut is a legume cultivated for its seeds, which are high in nutrients. It contains 60% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 6% oil, as well as zinc, iron, phosphorus, and calcium. Several Bambara groundnut food products are described, including cooked beans with fish, 'okpa' from eastern Nigeria, and a traditional dish from Madagascar. The document argues that promoting utilization of Bambara groundnut through government policy, research, improved value chains, and awareness can help address malnutrition issues in developing countries
My Research Proposal "Bambara Groundnut"Fita d'Pooh
This document describes a study on the variability of morphological and agronomic characters in 14 local and 6 introduced genotypes of bambara groundnut. The purpose is to determine differences in variability between local genotypes, introduced genotypes, and overall. The study uses a randomized block design with 20 genotypes and 3 replications. Data is analyzed using ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts to test hypotheses about differences in variability between groups. Observations are made on morphological and agronomic characters of the plant.
This document discusses the potential for developing the value chain for Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) in Nigeria. Bambara groundnut is a nutritious legume cultivated primarily for its seeds, which are high in protein, carbohydrates, and micronutrients. It is well-adapted to extreme conditions and is already an important food crop, especially in West Africa, though efforts are needed to promote awareness of its nutritional benefits and develop its value chain through improved food products. The document outlines Bambara groundnut's nutritional profile and existing food products, as well as constraints to wider utilization like seed hardness and anti-nutrient factors that research aims to address.
Nutrition research of biofortified crops an updateIFPRI
Impact pathway and nutrition research findings on bio-availability and efficacy of provitamin A maize, cassava and sweet potato; high iron beans and pearl millet; high Zinc rice and wheat.
NEADAP Forage Scan of East Africa Presentation 13 August 2019ProDairy E.A. Ltd
The document summarizes constraints facing the forage sub-sector in East Africa and provides recommendations. Common constraints include low forage quality, lack of seeds and planting materials, and seasonality issues. Forage quality is often low due to high fiber content and low protein levels. Seed availability is limited by few varieties and poor distribution systems. Seasonality is a challenge due to rain dependence and lack of preservation methods. Recommendations include improving forage quality through better species, fertilization, and cutting stages. Increased availability and accessibility of high-quality seeds is also recommended along with rainwater harvesting and forage preservation. Overall recommendations emphasize developing a full package of knowledge and skills for farmers from seed to feed to milk production.
This document discusses a project to develop biofortified potato varieties to help address micronutrient malnutrition in East Africa. It describes genetic analysis showing variability in potato for iron, zinc, and vitamin C. Breeding efforts at the diploid level achieved genetic gains of 15-34% for iron and 11-27% for zinc over three cycles. Training was provided in East Africa on sampling, analysis, and awareness raising. A accelerated breeding scheme is transferring traits to the tetraploid level, with over 50 new clones containing over 35mg/kg iron or 42mg/kg zinc being available soon for variety development and testing in Rwanda and Ethiopia. These biofortified potatoes could provide 10-70% of the
Pearl millet flour was substituted with Bambara groundnut flour (0-20%) to form blends and used in fura preparation. Functional and microbiological profiles of the flours and food samples respectively as well as proximate and sensory properties were evaluated. Supplementation had raised the nutritional value of the foods. Swelling power and water absorption capacity had increased with an increase in the level of Bambara groundnut flour addition whereas bulk density and viscosity had decreased; the results were as follows-swelling power (23.616-24.203%), water absorption capacity (3.350-3.650g/g), bulk density (0.791-0.785g/cm3), and viscosity (52.965-50.210mPa-s). The moisture content, ash, fat, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and total energy level were found as follows- 42.730-45.500%, 0.510-0.850%, 3.275-7.95%, 3.750-9.375%, 0.775-0.900%, 35.425-48.960% and 240.315-250.750kcal/100g respectively. Concentration of anti-nutritional factors, alkaloids, flavonoids, phytic acids and tannins ranged from 0.09 to 0.15g/100g, 0.28 to 0.35g/100g, 7.31 to 9.83g/100g and 0.04 to 0.16g/100g respectively. The minerals contents were found to be significant as follows Ca (11.55 to 24.35 mg/100g), Fe (2.71 to 5.72 mg/100g), Zn (1.58 to 1.83 mg/100g), P (46.12 to 96.37 mg/100g), Mg (0.63 to 0.77 mg/100g), K (36.19 to 76.89 mg/100g), Na (4.08 to 8.59 mg/100g). In- vitro protein digestibility at 1h ranged between 72.67 to 75.43% and 73.95 to 79.13% at 6hrs‚ starch digestibility ranged between 66.83 to 70.25%. Microbial evaluation revealed moderate counts with the total microbial load of 1.23x103cfu/g (Table 5) in the food formulation F0MfB (100:00). Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not detected in fura food sample made from 80:20% millet-bambara nut flour blend. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidemidis, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli were isolated with the following percentage of occurrences 32.28%, 25.00%, 3.48%, 16.46%, 19.62% and 3.16% respectively. Sensory evaluation results revealed fura from 80:20% millet-bambara nut flour blend had the best score, therefore the most preferred by the respondents.
Abstract
Biofortification is a well-known strategy for breeding to increase the nutritional value of staple crops in essential micronutrients such as vitamin A, Fe, and Zn. Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious, rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are processed. The World Health Organisation estimated that biofortification could help cure the 2 billion people worldwide suffering from Fe deficiency-induced anaemia. Potato biofortification to increase Fe and Zn concentrations was initiated at the International Potato Center (CIP) in 2004, from a base population of Andean landraces selected for both their outstanding culinary attributes and Fe and Zn concentrations above mean levels found in extensive germplasm evaluation. After three cycles of recurrent selection, the concentrations of Fe and Zn exceeded twice those of the base population (28–40 mg/kg dry weight basis and 27–35 mg/kg dry weight basis for Fe and Zn, respectively). These are the first-ever genetic gains reported for mineral content of potato. Considering the high potato consumption (300–500 g/day) of our target populations of the African highlands, consumption of these potatoes can cover 30–75% of the Estimated Average Requirement of Fe and Zn for women of childbearing age. CIP is carrying out strategic interploid crossing with top tetraploid parental lines leading to higher yielding, disease-resistant populations of biofortified potatoes. The programme has introduced significant amounts of enhanced germplasm to Africa and built capacity for potato tuber sampling and sample preparation for mineral evaluation through on-the-job training in Ethiopia and Rwanda. It has developed an African quality evaluation network for potato using X-ray fluorescent and near-infrared spectrometry technologies. Statutory and participatory evaluation of novel potato populations have assessed user preferences for new potato types and identified elite clones for variety release. Collection of gender-disaggregated preference data is supported by CIP’s ontology-based data dictionary for technical and preference/sensory traits. CIP and partners recently demonstrated the high bioaccessibility of Fe from potato with respect to that of other staple crops. Some 63–79% of the Fe in potato is released from the food matrix during in-vitro gastro-intestinal digestion and is therefore available at the intestinal level. This compares favourably with, for example, pearl millet which is considered a success among biofortified crops, and for which the in-vitro bioaccessibility of Fe varies 10–24%, whereas it is only 5% for wheat.
Merideth Bonierbale
HarvestPlus: Progress To Date andFuture ChallengesACIAR
HarvestPlus aims to improve nutrition through biofortified staple crops. It has made progress breeding crops with higher micronutrient levels, shown these nutrients are bioavailable, and facilitated the release and adoption of biofortified varieties in several countries. However, challenges remain to scale up delivery in target countries through mass distribution and ensure biofortification efforts are sustainable and integrated within agricultural institutions long-term. Addressing malnutrition will require breaking down divisions between agriculture, food, nutrition and health to view them as interrelated.
HarvestPlus: Progress To Date and Future ChallengesACIAR
HarvestPlus aims to improve nutrition through biofortified staple crops. It has made progress breeding crops with higher micronutrient levels, shown these nutrients are bioavailable, and facilitated the release and adoption of biofortified varieties in several countries. However, challenges remain to scale up delivery in target countries through mass distribution and ensure biofortification programs are sustainable and integrated within agricultural institutions long-term with support from health and development organizations. Addressing malnutrition requires an interdisciplinary "whole systems" approach treating agriculture, food, and health as related.
Development of Nachos using Moringa Oleifera Drumstick , Zea Mays Maize Flour...ijtsrd
The Department of Food Technology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, conducted the nachos study. This study demonstrates the health advantages of drumsticks, and its main objective is to create nachos that can be enjoyed by people of all ages using the same ingredients. Drumsticks contain a lot of vitamins and have antioxidant effects. For the creation of Nachos, three formulations with a control sample were created. Drumsticks were used to make nachos, they were first boiled, then chopped up, blended into a paste, and then added to boiling water with salt, baking soda, quinoa flour, and rice flour. Garlic powder, black pepper powder, and spices like chili powder for improved taste and flavor, nachos were additionally seasoned with onion powder, chat masala, and mix herbs. During the creation of the dough, different amounts of drumstick paste 20 , 30 , and 40 were added. The dough was first made into tortillas, and then it was further fried. To manufacture nachos, different formulations were prepared. The developed nachos underwent additional testing for microbiological analysis, physio chemical characteristics, and sensory evaluation. The nachos had an energy value of 534.27kcal, 2.08 moisture content, 4.84 ash content, 6.91 protein content, 53.78 carbs content, and 2.08 fat content. Sarvesh Vinayak Bhave | Prof. Nisha Wagh | Pratik Thakar "Development of Nachos using Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick), Zea Mays (Maize) Flour, Chenopodium Quinoa (Quinoa) Flour, and Oryza Sativa (Rice) Flour" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54003.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/home-science/food-science/54003/development-of-nachos-using-moringa-oleifera-drumstick-zea-mays-maize-flour-chenopodium-quinoa-quinoa-flour-and-oryza-sativa-rice-flour/sarvesh-vinayak-bhave
This document outlines activities under Objective 5 of a project aimed at enhancing chickpea productivity and production in drought-prone areas of sub-Saharan Africa and
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Abdul Ghafoor, Pakistanapaari
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops by Abdul Ghafoor, Pakistan - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
The Division of Biotechnology was established in 2012 and has two constituent centres: the Centre of Plant Biotechnology and the Centre of Animal Biotechnology. The division's vision is for SKUAST-K to become a centre of excellence for building a knowledge-based bioeconomy in Jammu and Kashmir. The division conducts research, teaching, and extension in areas like marker-assisted selection, disease resistance, stress tolerance, reproductive technologies, genomics, and conservation of biodiversity. Current research projects focus on traits like yield, quality, abiotic stress tolerance, and disease resistance in plants and animals. The division is developing new projects on traits like milk yield and quality, pashmina fibre, and stress tolerance for external
Advances in Genomics Research and Molecular Breeding in Dryland Crops through...apaari
Advances in Genomics Research and Molecular Breeding in Dryland Crops through Partnership for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security by Rajeev Varshney, ICRISAT, India
This document discusses research efforts to increase cassava productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa for food security and potential biofuel applications. It outlines cassava production in Nigeria, progress in cassava breeding for higher yields and disease resistance, and opportunities to close the yield gap. Future directions include assessing biofuel technologies, identifying appropriate biofuel targets, and capitalizing on cassava trait diversity through breeding while prioritizing food and industrial uses in SSA. International research networks can help optimize investments in cassava research.
Pulses for improved nutrition and the role of biotechnologiesExternalEvents
Pulses are essential for nutrition security in Asia but production is challenged by poverty, natural disasters, and rising food prices. Biotechnologies can help enhance pulse crops by increasing yields, enriching micronutrients, and reducing anti-nutrients. Genome sequencing of pulses is identifying genes associated with traits like iron and zinc content. Molecular breeding approaches using markers, introgression lines, and gene editing aim to develop improved varieties that boost production and nutritional quality of pulses in Asia.
Genetic Enhancement of Lentil for Adaptation to Various Cropping Systems an...ICARDA
Genetic Enhancement of Lentil for Adaptation to Various Cropping Systems and Nutritional Security in South Asia
2-13 September 2019. New Delhi, India. Over 8,000 participants from all over the world participated in COP14.
Presentation by Ashutosh Sarker
This document discusses GM crops and food security in India. It notes that India's population is projected to increase significantly by 2050, greatly increasing future food demands. Current agriculture faces challenges in meeting these demands due to issues like diminishing farmland and water resources. Biotechnology can help address these challenges by developing crops with higher yields, improved nutrition, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Examples discussed include Bt cotton, which has significantly increased yields while reducing pesticide use in India. The document also covers potential future applications of GM crops to further improve food security.
Similar to Evaluation of cowpea germplasm for micronutrients content (20)
(1) IITA is the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, established in 1967 and headquartered in Ibadan, Nigeria with 21 stations in 30 countries. (2) IITA adopted DataCite DOIs in 2017 through the British Library Consortium to create a trusted institutional data repository meeting FAIR data principles. (3) IITA mints DOIs through an automatic Python script integrating with its Cassavabase database, and manually through its Fabrica portal, to increase data visibility, citation, and improve data management practices.
This document summarizes Samwel Muiruri Kariuki's research at IITA Kenya on inducing early flowering in cassava. The document discusses two methods: using LED light supplementation to induce flowering within 4 months, compared to 10 months without light; and developing a CMV-inducible CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit cassava genes in a virus-activated manner. Preliminary results show light supplementation significantly increased the number of flowering plants compared to the control. The researcher is working to assemble constructs using a CMV promoter to drive Cas9 expression and test them in Nicotiana benthamiana transformations. The goal is to create a virus-inducible gene editing system for cassava.
The document discusses methods for producing yam mother plants and cuttings for propagation. It describes selecting healthy mother plants with balanced nutrient content and avoiding nitrogen fertilizer before taking cuttings. Cuttings should contain a node, leaf, and stem pieces and be treated with fungicide before planting. With good management, cuttings can root within 10 days without hormones.
The document discusses conserving the Ibadan Malimbe, an endemic bird species found only in Nigeria that is endangered. It describes the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) efforts to conserve the species, which include hosting an Important Bird Area, monitoring the bird population, restoring habitat, and raising awareness. IITA's research has found declining numbers of Ibadan Malimbe due to forest isolation, clearance for agriculture and development, competition with other species, and increased nest destruction, threatening the estimated 2,500 remaining individuals.
This document summarizes a study on identifying the preferences of cassava product ("gari") end users in Benue State, Nigeria. The study found that farmers preferred cassava varieties with heavy, long roots that are not rotten or woody, while processors preferred varieties with white, dry peeled roots and less water in the mash. Marketers and consumers preferred gari that is shiny, dry, heavy, sweet with no lumps or smooth and white in color. The preferences identified will help breeders develop new cassava varieties that meet the needs of all end users.
The document discusses a study on the perception of quality in yam landraces among value chain actors in yam producing areas of Nigeria. It finds that Faketsa, Igum, Opoko, and Ushu are the most commonly cultivated varieties for pounded yam and yam flour production. Yam flour is typically processed from fresh yams through washing, peeling, cutting, drying, and grinding. Smoothness and mouldability are key factors in accepting pounded yam and yam fufu. The study recommends further research on Faketsa's qualities for pounded yam and yam flour to aid variety selection for these products.
1. The study evaluated the quality attributes of cookies flavored with Aidan (Tetrapleura tetraptera) as a substitute for vanilla. 2. Results showed that increasing the substitution level of Aidan for vanilla increased proximate nutrients but decreased carbohydrates and energy. 3. Cookies with 75% Aidan substitution had similar taste and crispness to the 100% vanilla cookie but were most acceptable overall to consumers.
This document reports on a study that analyzed the chemical, functional, and pasting properties of flours produced from four varieties of unripe plantain. The objectives were to determine the chemical composition, functional properties, pasting properties, and color parameters of the different plantain flours. Materials and methods included obtaining four varieties of plantain, producing the flours using various processing steps, and analyzing the flours for moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, starch, sugar, minerals, functional properties using various tests, pasting properties using a rapid visco analyzer, and color parameters. The results showed differences between varieties in the measured properties, with some varieties having higher nutritional or functional qualities. The conclusions were that the
The document studied the effect of different drying methods on the carotenoid content of yellow maize varieties. It found that air drying maize grains under shade at 20°C was the most effective method for retaining carotenoids, as it exposed the grains to milder environmental conditions compared to sun drying and oven drying. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in carotenoid levels between drying methods and maize varieties. Air drying was recommended over other methods to preserve high pro-vitamin A content in maize grains.
This document summarizes a survey of dried plantain chip processors in Ondo State, Nigeria. It describes the background and methods used in the survey. Key findings include that most processors are women between the ages of 25-40 who view chip processing as difficult work. Common challenges included the time-consuming nature, pest infestation during storage, and weather issues during drying. The conclusion recommends addressing animal contamination during drying and limiting the use of toxic preservatives to improve product quality and safety.
The document examines the effect of crop diversification on food and nutrition security among smallholder farming households in Nigeria. It analyzes data from the 2015 Nigerian General Household Survey on 2,041 households. It finds that crop diversification has a positive impact on dietary diversity, increasing it by 10.9%, but negatively impacts subjective food security. However, households with greater crop diversification had a 53.8% higher likelihood of being food secure. The study thus concludes that while crop diversification improves nutrition, broader support is still needed for farming households to ensure food security.
The document summarizes a study on the apparent retention of carotenoids in ogi flour made from different provitamin A maize genotypes. It finds that PVA SYN HGBC0 showed the highest carotenoid and provitamin A retention after processing ogi flour, making it the best genotype studied for producing nutritious ogi. The study aims to establish how processing affects carotenoid levels in ogi, an important food in Nigeria, to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in children.
The document assessed the level of consumption of pro-vitamin A cassava products among rural households in Nigeria. It found low levels of consumption of products like tapioca, flakes, and vitamin-fortified baked goods. Consumption varied by state, with Akwa Ibom having the highest levels. It recommends increasing production of value-added products and nutritional education campaigns to boost consumption and reduce vitamin A deficiency.
Professor Janice Olawoye had a 38-year career as a Professor of Rural Sociology at the University of Ibadan, where she served in various administrative roles including Head of Department and Dean. She supervised 30 PhDs and many other students and published over 70 papers. Professor Olawoye also consulted for international development organizations and worked with IITA on workshops, advisory boards, and fellowship programs. She is married with four sons and six grandchildren.
inqaba Biotec is Africa's leading genomics company that aims to catalyze Africa's prosperity through genomics. It offers core services including oligonucleotide synthesis, DNA sequencing using ABI3130XL, ABI3500XL, and Illumina MiSeq platforms, SNP genotyping, bioinformatics, and molecular diagnostic solutions. inqaba Biotec works to address challenges African researchers face regarding logistics, technical know-how, cost, and support through its partnerships and local services. Its vision is to remain a leading genomics company in Africa.
Janice E. Olawoye presented on adaptation to climate change and indigenous and formal mitigation strategies. She discussed how climate change negatively impacts people through changes in weather patterns, threats to food security and health. Indigenous communities have adapted through practices like multiple cropping and migration. However, increased frequency and intensity of climate events requires more formal strategies like afforestation, drought-resistant crops, and early warning systems. Adaptation is needed to support livelihoods as traditional strategies are no longer sufficient. Gender must also be considered in climate policies and projects to address women's increased burdens. Individual actions like conserving resources and research can contribute to addressing this challenge.
The document discusses managing climate-driven biological risks through a One Health approach. It outlines strategies such as developing early warning and rapid response systems through a farmer interface app connected to pest forecasting tools. The document also discusses building capacity, especially among youth, on modeling species distributions under climate change scenarios. Climate change is expected to impact insect distributions and life cycles, threatening food security. An integrated approach considering human, animal, and ecosystem health is needed to address emerging risks.
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Adani Group Requests For Additional Land For Its Dharavi Redevelopment Projec...Adani case
It will bring about growth and development not only in Maharashtra but also in our country as a whole, which will experience prosperity. The project will also give the Adani Group an opportunity to rise above the controversies that have been ongoing since the Adani CBI Investigation.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Unlock the full potential of the MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) Principle with this comprehensive PowerPoint deck. Designed to enhance your analytical skills and strategic decision-making, this presentation guides you through the fundamental concepts, advanced techniques, and practical applications of the MECE framework, ensuring you can apply it effectively in various business contexts.
The MECE Principle, developed by Barbara Minto, an ex-consultant at McKinsey, is a foundational tool for structured thinking. Minto is also renowned for the Minto Pyramid Principle, which emphasizes the importance of logical structuring in writing and presenting ideas. This presentation includes a clear explanation of the MECE principle and its significance. It offers a detailed exploration of MECE concepts and categories, highlighting how to create mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive segments. You will learn to combine MECE with other powerful business frameworks like SWOT, Porter's Five Forces, and BCG Matrix. Discover sophisticated methods for applying MECE in complex scenarios and enhancing your problem-solving abilities. The deck also provides a step-by-step guide to performing thorough and structured MECE analyses, ensuring no aspect is overlooked. Insider tips are included to help you avoid common mistakes and optimize your MECE applications.
The presentation features illustrative examples from various industries to show MECE in action, providing practical insights and inspiration. It includes engaging group activities designed for the practice of the MECE principle, fostering collaborative learning and application. Key takeaways and success factors for mastering the MECE principle and applying it in your professional work are also covered.
The MECE Principle presentation is meticulously designed to provide you with all the tools and knowledge you need to master the MECE principle. Whether you're a business analyst, manager, or strategist, this presentation will empower you to deliver insightful and actionable analysis, drive better decision-making, and achieve outstanding results.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the MECE Principle
2. Improve Analytical Skills
3. Apply MECE Framework
4. Enhance Decision-Making
5. Optimize Resource Allocation
6. Facilitate Strategic Planning
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Evaluation of cowpea germplasm for micronutrients content
1. Evaluation of cowpea germplasm for micronutrients content Fatokun, C., O. Boukar, S. Muranaka, D. Dumet and B. Maziya-Dixon
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3. There is need for the development of nutrients dense cowpea varieties
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5. MICRO NUTRIENTS IN COWPEA GRAINS DATE OF HARVESTING: DEC. 2007 DATE OF ANALYSIS: APRIL - MAY 2008 The MEANS Procedure Variable N Mean Minimum Maximum Std Dev Fe 948 44.929 0.000 187.590 13.372 Zn 948 33.280 0.000 61.940 6.845 Mg 948 1576.638 0.000 2788.190 359.948 Ca 948 588.060 0.000 1517.310 180.922 K 948 11991.025 0.000 23887.790 3269.356 Protein 855 23.330 15.265 31.835 2.369