Seun

1. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
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EFFECT OF DRYING METHOD
ON CAROTENIOD CONTENT OF
YELLOW MAIZE (Zea mays)
Olowote Oluwaseunab, Abe Ayodejia, Oyatomi Olaniyib
, Abberton Michealb
a Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
b, Genetic Resource Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan Nigeria.
22nd annual symposium on innovation agricultural research for food security and climate
mitigation in sub-sahara Africa.
IITA Ibadan, Oyo State.
20th -24th may, 2019.

2. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
www.iita.org | www.cgiar.org
INTRODUCTION
• Maize [Zea mays (L.)] is a staple crop in several
Sub Sahara Africa
• Maize is commonly grown on subsistence farms

3. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
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Constraints to maize
production
•Environmental factors, such as
temperature, light exposure, and humidity
reduces carotenoid content

4. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
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JUSTIFICATION
• Drying method applied to maize grains promotes
significant reductions in the concentrations of
total carotenoids, carotenes and xanthophylls in
grains of maize (Wilton Soares, et al 2015)
• Carotenoid content can only be retained, if it
exposed to mild environmental factors (such as
oxygen, temperature and light) when drying
grains of maize (Moura et al., 2015).

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OBJECTIVES
• To determine the effect of drying methods on
carotenoid content of different provitamin-A
enriched maize varieties.
• To determine the type of drying method that can
be used for high carotenoid content retention in
maize grains.

6. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Five provitamin-A maize varieties (IFE hybrid 3,
IFE hybrid 4, PVA 13, SUWWAN 1) and a
commercial check (Oba super II) obtained from
maize breeding programme, IITA were used for
the study
• Experimental site: IITA, Ibadan
• Experimental design: Randomized complete block
design with three replicates

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MATERIALS AND METHODS
cont’d.
• Plant Spacing 0.25 m x 0.75 m
• Harvesting take place 55 days after pollination
• Drying methods: Sun drying (35ᵒC), Air drying
(20ᵒC), oven drying (35ᵒC) and non drying
(control)
• The 60 samples from 5 yellow maize genotypes
were analyzed for their pro-vitamin A content.

8. IITA is a member of the CGIAR System Organization.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
cont’d.
• 100 grains per samples were taken for carotenoid
determination and quantification using High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

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Statistical Analysis
• Analysis of variance was performed on all data
using the general linear model procedure of SAS
(version 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC)

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RESULTS
Table 1. Mean squares from the analysis of variance of ten parameters evaluated for 60 samples of carotenoid maize
LUT Zeax ɑ-caro 13-cis Trans 9-cis TBC T.Xan PVA
(µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g) (µg/g)
Pedigree 4 25.87** 11.88** 25.11** 1.57** 1.62*** 24.18*** 2.14*** 51.43*** 18.69** 98.74***
Dry mth 3 0.87 11.51 14.46 0.03 0.49 2.28 0.99 10.06 51.55 9.65
P x D 12 1.86 5.07 12.92 0.12 0.09 2.35 0.09 3.97 29.17 6.17
LSD 0.96 1.62 3.01 0.29 0.23 1.07 0.21 1.45 3.97 1.89
CV(%) 21.05 21.78 24.53 21.24 18.07 28.04 18.44 23.14 20.20 19.88
Lutein, Zeaxanthin, β- cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, 13-cis, Trans, 9-cis, Total Beta Carotene, Total
Xanthophylls, ProVitamin A.

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RESULTS cont’d.
5
10
15
20
PROVITA(UG/G)
Air drying Control Oven drying Sun drying
DRYING METHOD
Distribution of PROVITA_

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RESULTS cont’d.
5
10
15
20
PROVITA(UG/G)
Ifehybrid3
A
irdrying
Ifehybrid3
C
ontrol
Ifehybrid3
O
ven
drying
Ifehybrid3
Sun
drying
Ifehybrid4
A
irdrying
Ifehybrid4
C
ontrol
Ifehybrid4
O
ven
drying
Ifehybrid4
Sun
drying
O
basuper2
A
irdrying
O
basuper2
C
ontrol
O
basuper2
O
ven
drying
O
basuper2
Sun
drying
PV
A
13
A
irdrying
PV
A
13
C
ontrol
PV
A
13
O
ven
drying
PV
A
13
Sun
drying
Suw
w
an1
A
irdrying
Suw
w
an1
C
ontrol
Suw
w
an1
O
ven
drying
Suw
w
an1
Sun
drying
PEDIGREE*DRYINGME
Distribution of PROVITA_

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CONCLUSION
• Air drying under shade at 20ᵒC retained
higher carotenoids content than other
drying method and is recommend for the
preservation and retention of high pro-
vitamin A content in maize grains

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www.iita.org | www.cgiar.org
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