The document discusses the drug discovery and development process. It begins by outlining the key steps from lead identification to establishing proof of concept, including medicinal chemistry, biological screening, and ADME-PK analysis. It then provides an overview of the drug development phases, noting they can take 10 years on average and involve screening thousands of compounds. The document details each phase of clinical trials and highlights the low success rates. It concludes by defining some key terms in the drug discovery process and noting the reality that the majority of programs fail due to lack of efficacy, toxicity, or pharmacokinetic issues.
A presentation outlining the various processes a chemical compound undergoes (thorough & rigorous screening procedures) before it is finally introduced into the drug market
A presentation outlining the various processes a chemical compound undergoes (thorough & rigorous screening procedures) before it is finally introduced into the drug market
THE DRUG DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT BASED ON DRUG DISCOVERY ,HERE ITS NEED RATIONALE ARE EXPLAINED ALSO QSAR, MOLECULAR DOCKING ITS HISTORY NEED, STRUCTURE BASED DRUG DESIGN IN EASY WAY WE HAVE MENTIONED. THIS WILL MAKE READERS EASY TO COLLECT DATA AT A PLACE ALL OVER THIS IS FOR PHARMA STUDENTS, ACADEMICS, PROFESSIONL AND OST USEFUL FOR RESEARCHERS.
THANK YOU
HOPE YOU WILL LIKE AND SHARE
INTRODUCTION
In drug development, preclinical development, also named preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) can begin, and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
Preclinical pharmacology and toxicology are essential elements of the drug discovery and development process and are critical in enabling the translation of findings from the laboratory and the clinic. The drug discovery process is complex and involves numerous iterative steps designed to optimize the pharmacological and drug-like properties of a candidate molecule, a New Chemical Entity (NCE), and minimize the potential for side effects and toxicities. Key concepts addressed in this record include: compound identification; lead optimization; pharmaceutical profiling; the use of animal models to predict efficacy and safety and toxicological assessment as these relate to the regulatory requirements for Phase I trial initiation. Commentary is also provided on the current challenges associated with translational medicine as it applies to the effective evolution of candidate NCEs into viable clinical candidates.
The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics. On average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Drug discovery and development is and always has been the most exciting part of clinical pharmacology. It is my attempt to compile the basic concepts from various books, articles and online journals. Feel free to comment.
ADME is a very important term used in pharmacology. "A" means absorption, "D" is for distribution, "M" is for metabolism and "E" is for excretion of drug in our body.
DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, it's a detail description about how drug is made available in market it's development and discovery of drug The Hole Study is given in This Topic.
THE DRUG DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT BASED ON DRUG DISCOVERY ,HERE ITS NEED RATIONALE ARE EXPLAINED ALSO QSAR, MOLECULAR DOCKING ITS HISTORY NEED, STRUCTURE BASED DRUG DESIGN IN EASY WAY WE HAVE MENTIONED. THIS WILL MAKE READERS EASY TO COLLECT DATA AT A PLACE ALL OVER THIS IS FOR PHARMA STUDENTS, ACADEMICS, PROFESSIONL AND OST USEFUL FOR RESEARCHERS.
THANK YOU
HOPE YOU WILL LIKE AND SHARE
INTRODUCTION
In drug development, preclinical development, also named preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) can begin, and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
Preclinical pharmacology and toxicology are essential elements of the drug discovery and development process and are critical in enabling the translation of findings from the laboratory and the clinic. The drug discovery process is complex and involves numerous iterative steps designed to optimize the pharmacological and drug-like properties of a candidate molecule, a New Chemical Entity (NCE), and minimize the potential for side effects and toxicities. Key concepts addressed in this record include: compound identification; lead optimization; pharmaceutical profiling; the use of animal models to predict efficacy and safety and toxicological assessment as these relate to the regulatory requirements for Phase I trial initiation. Commentary is also provided on the current challenges associated with translational medicine as it applies to the effective evolution of candidate NCEs into viable clinical candidates.
The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics. On average, only one in every 5,000 compounds that enters drug discovery to the stage of preclinical development becomes an approved drug.
Drug discovery and development is and always has been the most exciting part of clinical pharmacology. It is my attempt to compile the basic concepts from various books, articles and online journals. Feel free to comment.
ADME is a very important term used in pharmacology. "A" means absorption, "D" is for distribution, "M" is for metabolism and "E" is for excretion of drug in our body.
DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, it's a detail description about how drug is made available in market it's development and discovery of drug The Hole Study is given in This Topic.
New Drug Opportunity Assessments Strat Planning For Future SuccessPharmacision LLC
Pharmaceutical Business Development, Marketing and Strategic Planning Groups need an early read on opportunities, but oftentimes don’t have time or budget for extensive market research.
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Well-trained clinical research professionals are in high demand. The tremendous increase in medical technology and information in the last decade has resulted in an explosion of potential new drugs, devices and biologics that must be tested before being released for use by the public. The profession is constantly challenged to improve and streamline the clinical research programs in order to shorten the development timelines and control the cost for new product development
In this presentation, Joseph Campos of Children’s National Medical Center discusses healthcare and laboratory testing using Lean, and the 5 Lean principles that apply to the laboratory. He shares three case studies from his lab: microbiology lab workload and staffing data, microbiology incoming work cell and automated culture plate inoculation. Joe also discusses the difference between and traditional approach to microbiology testing versus a Lean approach.
Four Stage Drug Development Scale Up Studies and Commercialization.
pre-formulation ,prototype dev, biological aspect , scale up and commercialization.
Where are you in your drug development journey? Find out how to expedite your drug development program. View our drug development journey map. Download the document to zoom in and view details.
TetraQ - Integrated Preclinical Drug Development Solutions Presentationguest55305
TetraQ is a leading Australian preclinical contract research organization focused on providing a broad range of integrated preclinical drug development solutions in the disciplines of ADME, Bioanalytics, Efficacy, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics. TetraQ’s Toxicology, ADME and Bioanalytics laboratories are GLP recognised and in collaboration with NATA, TetraQ’s ADME team pioneered ISO17025-2005 (R&D) research & development accreditation becoming the first laboratory in Australia to obtain this accreditation in 2005.
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Regulatory Compliance in Pharmaceutical DevelopmentGL.docxsodhi3
Regulatory Compliance in Pharmaceutical Development:
GLP & GMP
Jeffrey G. Sarver, Ph.D.
MBC 3100
March 8, 2016
email questions to:
[email protected]
*
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Agency of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)Protect public health and provide essential public servicesOther HHS agencies include: CDC, NIH, Medicare/MedicaidFDA responsible for assuring safety and efficacy of: Human Drugs - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)Veterinary Drugs - Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)Biological Agents - Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research (CBER)Medical Devices - Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)Food/Supplements/Cosmetics - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
Manufacture
Market Drug
NDA
FDA Review
Clinical
Trials
I, II, III
IND
FDA Review
Preclinical
Testing
Drug
Discovery
Drug Development/Approval ProcessIND – Investigational New Drug application (3-6 yr, $5M-$10M)FDA Approval → Proceed into Clinical Trials (~30% from preclinical tests)Clinical Hold → Collect More data or End DevelopmentNDA – New Drug Application (9-12 yr, $500M-$1B)FDA Approval → Drug Enters Market (~8% from preclinical tests)Not Approved → More Data or Adjust Application or End Development
Basic
Research
+
Target
Discovery
Preclinical Testing RequirementsMechanism of Action (in vitro) and Efficacy (in vivo)General Toxicology: Single and Repeated Dose (in vivo)Genotoxicity/Mutagenicity (in vitro/in vivo)Carcinogenicity (in vivo)Reproductive Toxicology/Teratology (in vivo)ADME (in vitro)/Pharmacokinetics (in vivo)Additional Safety TestingCore: Cardiovascular (hERG), Respiratory, CNSOther tests as needed based on structure, mechanism, general tox
Additional Information for INDChemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC)Structure, physical propertiesSynthetic method and scale-upPurity, identification of impuritiesDosage form/route, formulation, preparation, packagingClinical Study ProtocolsPrevious Human Experience (if available)
FDA Guidance Documents
Information on suggested: testing methods, analyzing and summarizing data
Can be found at: http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Guidances/Searching can be difficult/tedious, use appropriate filters:Product → Drugs (or Biologics)FDA Organization → CDER (or CBER)Document Type → Guidance DocumentsExample Guidance Documents available on Blackboard:Genotoxicity TestingCardiotoxicity (hERG) TestingChemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) for Phase I DrugMaximum Safe Starting Dose for Clinical Testing
International Council on Harmonization (ICH)Harmonize procedures for evaluating/reporting safety, efficacy, CMC in multiple regions/countriesRegulators and industry representatives from participating regions collaborate to generate internationally acceptable guidelinesImprove efficiency of drug testing/reporting requirements for approval in multiple countriesOriginally Europe, Japan, U.S.Other countries adopting IC ...
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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1. The Drug Discovery and
Development Process
June 7, 2012 Sokoine University of Agriculture
2. Lead To Proof Of Concept
• Technologies & Solutions for Selecting Best Clinical
Candidate
– Medicinal Chemistry
– Biological Screening Assays
– High Throughput Purification & Analysis
– ADME-PK
– Data Management
• Technologies and Solutions for Establishing POC
– Process Chemistry & Development
– Analytical Method Development & Validation
– Bio-analytical
– Regulatory & Clinical Affairs
June 7, 2012 Sokoine University of Agriculture
3. Overview of the Drug
Development Process
• Statistics related to Research and
Development
• Process of Drug Development
• Phases Involved in Drug Development
• Success vs Failures – What Accounts for
Each?
June 7, 2012 Sokoine University of Agriculture
4. What are the Characteristics of
Pharmaceutical R&D?
• Based on commercialization of biomedical
research discoveries
• Innovation is critical to the process
• Specialized research is essential and
development cycles are very long
• Resulting drug candidates/products must:
– be treatment breakthroughs
– have better profiles than existing treatments
June 7, 2012 Sokoine University of Agriculture
5. Basic Statistics for
Pharmaceutical Industry
• Pharmaceutical R&D is high-risk and also very high cost
• Average cost to discover and develop one compound =
$0.8-1Billion
• Takes on average 10 years to go from shelf to pharmacy
shelf
• Need to screen 5,000 – 10,000 compounds to generate
an approved drug
• About 3/10 drug products make profits that match or
exceed R&D costs
June 7, 2012 Sokoine University of Agriculture
6. R&D Success Rates by Development Stage
Discovery (2-10 yrs) Compound Success Rates by Stage
5,000 – 10,000 screened
Preclinical Testing
Lab & animal testing 250 Enter
Pre-clinical Testing
Phase I
20-80 healthy volunteers
for safety & dosage
5 Enter Clinical Testing
Phase II
100-300 patient volunteers used to
1 Approved by FDA
for efficacy & side effects
Phase III
1,000-5,000 patient volunteers used to
monitor efficacy & side effects adverse
reactions to long-term use
FDA Review/Approval
Additional Post-marketing testing
Years
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Source: PhRMA based on data from Center for the Study of Drug Development, Tufts University
7. The Drug Development Process
Process Development
Screening
Lead Formulation/Stability
Identified
Preclinical File Post
Drug IND/CTC CTC/ File Filing
Sourcing Workup IND Phase I Phase II Phase III WMA Activities
A
Patent process P
Metabolism
R
O
V
Toxicology A
L
Preclinical Registration Post-submission
Discovery Screening Development Preparation Activity
Up to 15 years
8. Pharmaceutical R&D Phases
• Basic Drug Discovery Res. (6 mths – 16 yrs)
– Evidence for role of enzyme, receptor, gene or
pathway in disease
– Drug target selection and validation
– Compounds screening – natural & synthetics
– Rational drug design/ molecular modeling
– Hit-to-lead, lead optimization and selection
• Safety assessment process begins
9. Clinical Development: Phase I
• Approximately 10-40 patients – up to 1 yr
• Safety and tolerability – healthy volunteers
• Evidence of activity in some areas
• Produce a clinical pharmacology package
– Bioequivalence studies
– Drug interactions
– Different populations (pediatrics, elderly,
kidney/liver dysfunction)
10. Clinical Development: Phase II
• Phase IIA
– 10-100 patients with target disease
– Clinical/efficacy “Proof of Concept”
– Normally lasts 9-12 months
• Phase IIB
– 100 – 200 patients
– Dose ranging studies
– Set minimum effective dose
– Essential to design Phase III
– Normally lasts 9-12 months
11. Clinical Development: Phase III
• 1,000 – 4,000 patients
• Also called “Pivotal Studies”
• To Demonstrate Safety & Efficacy
• Randomized, well-controlled, blinded
• Patient outcomes included in the
endpoints
• Timing: 2-4 years
12. Clinical Development: Phase IV
• Typically specified by the regulatory
agencies – safety is the usual reason
• Normally required/condition for approval
• 10 – 1,000 patients
• Could require outcomes/endpoint studies
• Phase V Clinical Development
– New claims, new dosage forms, market
support, comparisons to competitors, etc.
13. New Molecular Entities (%) Entering Each
Phase of Clinical Trials
The price of innovation: New estimates of drug development costs
Journal of Health Economics, Vol 22 (2003), pp 151-185.
14. Typical Drug Discovery Process
“Pre-clinical
“Hit” “Lead” candidate”
Active-to-Hit Hit-to-Lead Lead Optimization
HTS (AtH) (HtL) (LO)
Compound Initial SAR, Iterative design
Hit resynthesis
acquisition near neighbor synthesis and synthesis
Chemistry Data analysis and mining Mol modeling, SAR dev
Biology Screening
Biochemical “mechanism of action” screens
In vivo efficacy screens
Acute tox Chronic tox
DMPK Purity, identity determ Physchem prop screens
ADME screens (in vitro perm, metab, safety)
In vivo DMPK
15. Some Key Definitions
• “Hit” = compound(s) which have demonstrated
reproducible, dose-responsive activity in a primary
biological assay
• “Lead” = compound(s) which have been shown to exhibit
properties (activity, selectivity, ADME, etc.) perceived to
optimizable through iterative cycles of medicinal
chemistry and biological evaluation
• “Pre-clinical candidate” = compound which has in vivo
efficacy, in vivo PK, selectivity and toxicological
properties consistent with a pre-defined Target Product
Profile
16. Failure: The Reality of Drug Discovery
Historically, the majority of Hit-to-Lead and
Lead Optimization programs fail to deliver
a pre-clinical candidate due to:
– Lack of efficacy (in animal models)
– Unexpected toxicity
– Poor pharmacokinetics
If you must fail…
“Fail early, fail cheap”