This document provides the specifications for form vibrators used for compacting concrete. It outlines the different types of form vibrators, including fixed or clamp type vibrators and manual type vibrators. It specifies requirements for materials, sizes, construction, and performance of form vibrators. Key details include acceptable materials for components, acceptable size designations based on power unit capacity and vibrator type, and construction requirements for fixed/clamp and manual vibrator types. The document aims to provide guidance to manufacturers and users on obtaining vibrators capable of satisfactory service for concrete compaction.
This document discusses different types of vibrators used for consolidating concrete, including internal, external, surface, and vibrating table vibrators. It describes the purpose, components, frequency, radius of action, and applications of each vibrator type. Inadequate consolidation can result in defects like honeycombing, air voids, streaking, and cracking. The document provides details on immersion vibrators, external form vibrators, surface pan vibrators, and vibrating tables.
The document discusses a pneumatically controlled small-scale punching machine. It includes a list of batch members, descriptions of the machine parts like the pneumatic cylinder and control valve, and explanations of how pneumatic punching works and its advantages over other methods. The key points are:
1) The machine uses compressed air to power a pneumatic cylinder and punch sheet metal, providing greater control than traditional methods.
2) Its parts include a pneumatic cylinder, control valve, punch and die, and it is designed to pierce holes in thin metal sheets.
3) When the control valve is activated, compressed air pushes the cylinder piston and attached punch down through the sheet metal held over the die.
This document discusses structure control systems used to protect structures from vibrations during earthquakes or strong winds. It describes traditional seismic design approaches and modern structural control methods. Structural control systems can be passive, active, semi-active, or hybrid. Passive systems like base isolation and dampers dissipate energy without external power. Active systems precisely control structural response using external actuation, while semi-active systems adjust properties using small power inputs. The document provides examples of different control devices and their operating principles.
presentation industrial trainning at Locomotive workshop lucknowTushar Seth
The document provides information about Indian Railways and diesel locomotives. It discusses key facts such as Indian Railways having over 64,000 km of track and over 1.6 million employees. It also describes the locomotive workshop in Lucknow and provides details about the classification, components, and workings of diesel locomotives in India including the popular WDM-2 model.
This industrial training report summarizes work done on a 250-unit residential building project in TDI City. Key aspects summarized include:
1) The building consists of ground + 2 floors with approximately 1750 sqft per unit built on a 250 sqyd plot.
2) Construction equipment used included transit mixers, backhoes, concrete pumps, and scaffolding.
3) Construction procedures described include excavation, laying of foundations with OPC and isolation footings, formwork, reinforcement, concreting of columns, beams and slabs.
4) Safety measures like scaffolding and safety nets were emphasized.
5) The trainee concluded it was a comprehensive training that bridged
Final Year Project Report Sample for Engineers - IIT and State UniversityHitesh Sharma
A sample report for all final year college students, for Engineering and Management Branch.
Best for Mechanical and Core branch students.
Includes - First Page, Index Style, Abstract, Body, COnsclusion and Designing Methods.
Share and Support this file, thanks and also fo for my other uploads.
Introduction
Benefits of FRC
Toughening Mechanism
Factor affecting the properties of FRC
Comparison of Mix Proportion of FRC and Plain Concrete
Type of fibres
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)
Structural behaviour & Durability of SFRC
Problems with SFRC
Application Of FRC
Conclusion
This document provides an overview of a literature review on the durability of concrete. It discusses several key factors that influence concrete durability, including alkali aggregate reaction, freezing and thawing, acid attack, abrasion resistance, and cyclic wetting and drying. It also describes various standard tests used to evaluate concrete durability. A significant portion of the document focuses on chloride attack, outlining different mechanisms of chloride ingress like capillary suction, permeation, and diffusion. It discusses parameters that govern chloride penetration and various tests used to study chloride penetration. Finally, it briefly touches on corrosion of steel reinforcement due to chloride attack.
This document discusses different types of vibrators used for consolidating concrete, including internal, external, surface, and vibrating table vibrators. It describes the purpose, components, frequency, radius of action, and applications of each vibrator type. Inadequate consolidation can result in defects like honeycombing, air voids, streaking, and cracking. The document provides details on immersion vibrators, external form vibrators, surface pan vibrators, and vibrating tables.
The document discusses a pneumatically controlled small-scale punching machine. It includes a list of batch members, descriptions of the machine parts like the pneumatic cylinder and control valve, and explanations of how pneumatic punching works and its advantages over other methods. The key points are:
1) The machine uses compressed air to power a pneumatic cylinder and punch sheet metal, providing greater control than traditional methods.
2) Its parts include a pneumatic cylinder, control valve, punch and die, and it is designed to pierce holes in thin metal sheets.
3) When the control valve is activated, compressed air pushes the cylinder piston and attached punch down through the sheet metal held over the die.
This document discusses structure control systems used to protect structures from vibrations during earthquakes or strong winds. It describes traditional seismic design approaches and modern structural control methods. Structural control systems can be passive, active, semi-active, or hybrid. Passive systems like base isolation and dampers dissipate energy without external power. Active systems precisely control structural response using external actuation, while semi-active systems adjust properties using small power inputs. The document provides examples of different control devices and their operating principles.
presentation industrial trainning at Locomotive workshop lucknowTushar Seth
The document provides information about Indian Railways and diesel locomotives. It discusses key facts such as Indian Railways having over 64,000 km of track and over 1.6 million employees. It also describes the locomotive workshop in Lucknow and provides details about the classification, components, and workings of diesel locomotives in India including the popular WDM-2 model.
This industrial training report summarizes work done on a 250-unit residential building project in TDI City. Key aspects summarized include:
1) The building consists of ground + 2 floors with approximately 1750 sqft per unit built on a 250 sqyd plot.
2) Construction equipment used included transit mixers, backhoes, concrete pumps, and scaffolding.
3) Construction procedures described include excavation, laying of foundations with OPC and isolation footings, formwork, reinforcement, concreting of columns, beams and slabs.
4) Safety measures like scaffolding and safety nets were emphasized.
5) The trainee concluded it was a comprehensive training that bridged
Final Year Project Report Sample for Engineers - IIT and State UniversityHitesh Sharma
A sample report for all final year college students, for Engineering and Management Branch.
Best for Mechanical and Core branch students.
Includes - First Page, Index Style, Abstract, Body, COnsclusion and Designing Methods.
Share and Support this file, thanks and also fo for my other uploads.
Introduction
Benefits of FRC
Toughening Mechanism
Factor affecting the properties of FRC
Comparison of Mix Proportion of FRC and Plain Concrete
Type of fibres
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)
Structural behaviour & Durability of SFRC
Problems with SFRC
Application Of FRC
Conclusion
This document provides an overview of a literature review on the durability of concrete. It discusses several key factors that influence concrete durability, including alkali aggregate reaction, freezing and thawing, acid attack, abrasion resistance, and cyclic wetting and drying. It also describes various standard tests used to evaluate concrete durability. A significant portion of the document focuses on chloride attack, outlining different mechanisms of chloride ingress like capillary suction, permeation, and diffusion. It discusses parameters that govern chloride penetration and various tests used to study chloride penetration. Finally, it briefly touches on corrosion of steel reinforcement due to chloride attack.
121 r 85 - quality assurance systems for concrete constructioMOHAMMED SABBAR
This document provides guidance for developing a quality assurance system for concrete construction projects. It recommends that the system involve identifying quality objectives and incorporating them into a quality assurance plan. This plan is then implemented through quality assurance programs by the various project organizations. The system is intended to be flexible enough to account for differences in project size, complexity, owner needs, and skills of involved parties. It provides a framework for administrative aspects, developing a quality assurance plan, and elements of quality assurance programs.
This presentation gives a brief introduction on FRC's history, definition and why is it used. Types of FRC's and it's applications is explained in detail in later stages.Also, it covers various properties that affects FRC and a Case study in end.
VIBRATION CONTROL OF CIVIL STRUCTUTRES USING PIEZOCERAMIC SMART MATERIALS
The document discusses using piezoceramic smart materials to control vibrations in civil structures. It provides background on structural vibrations and introduces piezoceramic materials as effective and economical actuators and sensors for vibration control. Various experiments are discussed applying piezoceramics to control vibrations in different civil structure types like beams, trusses, frames, bridges. While piezoceramics have limitations like small displacements, the benefits for vibration control are significant and more development is expected to further enable their use in civil engineering applications.
The document discusses the production of portland cement. It explains that the key raw materials needed are calcium, silica, alumina, and iron. The traditional production process involves grinding raw materials into powder and blending them, burning the mixture at high temperatures to form cement clinker, grinding the clinker with gypsum to produce portland cement. The main phases produced during clinkerization are alite, belite, aluminate, and ferrite, which contribute to the properties of the hardened cement.
Staad.Pro Training Report or Summer Internship Ravi Kant Sahu
This repot is the brief discussion about staad pro and its results .How can we work on staad.pro, what are the step which are used to desin building structure in staad.pra .it is very advance software.
Assalam U Alikum.
In these slides, discussion is about vibrators. The sequence of presentation is ,
1- Introduction of vibration.
2- Introduction of vibrator.
3- Function of vibrator.
4- Types of vibrator.
5- Conclusion.
I hope up enjoy our slides and soon upload next slides.
In Sha Allah.
Jazak Allah for reading.
Assalam U Alikum Wa Rehmatullah I Wa Barakaatuhu.
The document is a project report for the preliminary design of a water treatment plant. It includes an index, acknowledgements, objectives, introduction and survey sections. The structural elements section describes the main components of the water treatment plant, including an aerator, alum dosing tanks, coagulation and sedimentation tank, rapid gravity filters, chlorinator, clear water reservoir and main distribution tank. The design specifications section provides specifications for designing components like the pre-sedimentation tank.
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Nano Silica in the C...ijtsrd
The main objective of this work is to study the mechanical strength and durability of the concrete when the particular cement dosage in concrete in replaced with Nano silica powder. However it is expected that the use of Nano-silica in concrete improve the strength properties of concrete. Also it is an attempt made to develop the concrete using Nano sized particles as a partial replacement of cement, which satisfies the various structural properties of concrete like compressive strength and tensile strength. It is expected that the final outcome of the project will have an overall beneficial effect on the utility of Nano-silica concrete in the field of civil engineering construction work. Rahul K | Andavan S"Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Nano Silica in the Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7032.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/7032/experimental-study-on-partial-replacement-of-cement--with-nano-silica-in-the-concrete/rahul-k
DESIGN OF BOX CULVERT AS PER IRC-112: 2011, INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT.
INCLUDES:
1) BASIC DETAILS
2) DESIGN OF 2 CELL BOX CULVERT
3) DESIGN OF WING WALLS (RETAINING WALLS) AS PER IRC
AN INTERNSHIP REPORT ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONAbhishek Singh
This document appears to be an internship report submitted by four students - Abhishek Singh, Naval Tej Singh Ahuja, Sahil Thakur, and Swapnil Singh - to their supervisor Mr. Kapil Bhardwaj at Universal Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. The report provides details about a residential construction project called Universal Aura, including project specifications, building materials used, and work ongoing at the site during the students' summer internship from June 13 to July 13, 2016.
Design And Analysis Of Savonius Wind Turbine BladesIJERA Editor
There are two kinds of wind turbines according to the axis of rotation to the ground, horizontal axis wind
turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). VAWTs include both a drag type configuration like
Savonius wind turbine and a lift-type configuration like Darrieus wind turbine. Savonius wind rotor has many
advantages such as low starting speeds and no need for external torque for its starting. Moreover it is cheaper in
construction and has low maintenance. It is independent of the wind direction and has a good starting torque at
lower wind speeds. The experimental study conducted in this paper aims to investigate the effect of number of
blades and other criteria that can affect the performance of the model of Savonius type wind turbine. The
experiments used to compare 2, 3, and 4 blades wind turbines to show tip speed ratio, torque and power
coefficient related with wind speed. A simulation using ANSYS 13.0 software will show pressure distribution of
wind turbine. The results of study showed that number of blades influence the performance of wind turbine.
Savonius model with three blades has the best performance at high tip speed ratio.
This presentation gives an overview on different types of acid attacks on concrete. Mechanism of each attack is discussed with few case studies. Hope it is useful
The document discusses central mix concrete batching plants. It describes how batching plants measure and combine concrete ingredients according to a mix design. Central mix plants combine ingredients at a central location before transporting the mixed concrete to the job site, allowing for more consistent quality control compared to dry mix plants. The document outlines the production process and components of batching plants, including storage bins, scales, mixers and controls for measuring ingredients.
I was Visited a Site of Bajaj Engineers Project. We have seen their many problems arise in pile foundation and we think how this Problem Should Be Solved?
We Have Visited This Site And Decided To Do Project To Solve This Problem. Our Problem is pile foundation. According To Our Survey This Problem should be reduced by taking such steps towards this problem. We Make Survey On Whole Site And Find Out Problems And We Should Work On To Find Out Solution To Solve Problems
Cracks in concrete and its remedial measures kamariya keyur
Cracks in concrete can be caused by various factors like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, thermal variations, chemical reactions, errors in design and construction practices, structural overloads, foundation movement, and vegetation. The document classifies cracks as structural or non-structural and describes different types of cracks that can occur before or after concrete hardening. It provides details on the causes and prevention measures for different types of cracks like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, crazing, thermal cracks, cracks due to chemical reactions, and those arising from poor construction practices. The summary focuses on the key information around classification, types, causes and remedies of cracks in concrete structures.
A presentation on High Performance Concrete - High performance concrete is a concrete mixture, which possess high durability and high strength when compared to conventional concrete.
Design of short columns using helical reinforcementshivam gautam
Helical reinforcement, also known as spiral reinforcement, is used in circular concrete columns. It consists of longitudinal bars enclosed within a continuously wound spiral reinforcement. Helical reinforcement is sometimes designed instead of normal links for columns because it provides increased strength and ductility. The spiral reinforcement acts compositely with the concrete core and allows the column to sustain higher loads than those with normal links. It also minimizes the risk of stirrups opening during seismic events. The document then provides details on the design of helical reinforcement for short concrete columns, including governing equations and an example problem.
This document outlines guidelines for subsurface exploration for earth and rockfill dams. It recommends conducting exploration in multiple stages - reconnaissance, preliminary, and detailed pre-construction investigations. The preliminary stage involves initial testing to evaluate feasibility, while the detailed stage involves intensive exploration to define subsurface conditions for design. Exploration methods include test pits, trenches, drilling, geophysics, and hydrological and material testing. The extent of exploration depends on dam size and complexity, with greater coverage for taller dams. Exploration should characterize foundation soils and rock to sufficient depth for design.
This document provides guidelines for instrumentation of concrete and masonry dams. It outlines obligatory and optional measurements for dams, including uplift pressure, seepage, temperature, and displacement. Obligatory measurements include uplift pressure, seepage, temperature inside the dam, and displacement measurements using plumb lines or other methods. Optional measurements that may provide additional insights include stress, strain, pore pressure, and seismicity measurements. The document describes different types of measurements in detail and how they can be used to monitor dam performance and safety over time.
121 r 85 - quality assurance systems for concrete constructioMOHAMMED SABBAR
This document provides guidance for developing a quality assurance system for concrete construction projects. It recommends that the system involve identifying quality objectives and incorporating them into a quality assurance plan. This plan is then implemented through quality assurance programs by the various project organizations. The system is intended to be flexible enough to account for differences in project size, complexity, owner needs, and skills of involved parties. It provides a framework for administrative aspects, developing a quality assurance plan, and elements of quality assurance programs.
This presentation gives a brief introduction on FRC's history, definition and why is it used. Types of FRC's and it's applications is explained in detail in later stages.Also, it covers various properties that affects FRC and a Case study in end.
VIBRATION CONTROL OF CIVIL STRUCTUTRES USING PIEZOCERAMIC SMART MATERIALS
The document discusses using piezoceramic smart materials to control vibrations in civil structures. It provides background on structural vibrations and introduces piezoceramic materials as effective and economical actuators and sensors for vibration control. Various experiments are discussed applying piezoceramics to control vibrations in different civil structure types like beams, trusses, frames, bridges. While piezoceramics have limitations like small displacements, the benefits for vibration control are significant and more development is expected to further enable their use in civil engineering applications.
The document discusses the production of portland cement. It explains that the key raw materials needed are calcium, silica, alumina, and iron. The traditional production process involves grinding raw materials into powder and blending them, burning the mixture at high temperatures to form cement clinker, grinding the clinker with gypsum to produce portland cement. The main phases produced during clinkerization are alite, belite, aluminate, and ferrite, which contribute to the properties of the hardened cement.
Staad.Pro Training Report or Summer Internship Ravi Kant Sahu
This repot is the brief discussion about staad pro and its results .How can we work on staad.pro, what are the step which are used to desin building structure in staad.pra .it is very advance software.
Assalam U Alikum.
In these slides, discussion is about vibrators. The sequence of presentation is ,
1- Introduction of vibration.
2- Introduction of vibrator.
3- Function of vibrator.
4- Types of vibrator.
5- Conclusion.
I hope up enjoy our slides and soon upload next slides.
In Sha Allah.
Jazak Allah for reading.
Assalam U Alikum Wa Rehmatullah I Wa Barakaatuhu.
The document is a project report for the preliminary design of a water treatment plant. It includes an index, acknowledgements, objectives, introduction and survey sections. The structural elements section describes the main components of the water treatment plant, including an aerator, alum dosing tanks, coagulation and sedimentation tank, rapid gravity filters, chlorinator, clear water reservoir and main distribution tank. The design specifications section provides specifications for designing components like the pre-sedimentation tank.
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Nano Silica in the C...ijtsrd
The main objective of this work is to study the mechanical strength and durability of the concrete when the particular cement dosage in concrete in replaced with Nano silica powder. However it is expected that the use of Nano-silica in concrete improve the strength properties of concrete. Also it is an attempt made to develop the concrete using Nano sized particles as a partial replacement of cement, which satisfies the various structural properties of concrete like compressive strength and tensile strength. It is expected that the final outcome of the project will have an overall beneficial effect on the utility of Nano-silica concrete in the field of civil engineering construction work. Rahul K | Andavan S"Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Nano Silica in the Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7032.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/7032/experimental-study-on-partial-replacement-of-cement--with-nano-silica-in-the-concrete/rahul-k
DESIGN OF BOX CULVERT AS PER IRC-112: 2011, INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT.
INCLUDES:
1) BASIC DETAILS
2) DESIGN OF 2 CELL BOX CULVERT
3) DESIGN OF WING WALLS (RETAINING WALLS) AS PER IRC
AN INTERNSHIP REPORT ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONAbhishek Singh
This document appears to be an internship report submitted by four students - Abhishek Singh, Naval Tej Singh Ahuja, Sahil Thakur, and Swapnil Singh - to their supervisor Mr. Kapil Bhardwaj at Universal Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. The report provides details about a residential construction project called Universal Aura, including project specifications, building materials used, and work ongoing at the site during the students' summer internship from June 13 to July 13, 2016.
Design And Analysis Of Savonius Wind Turbine BladesIJERA Editor
There are two kinds of wind turbines according to the axis of rotation to the ground, horizontal axis wind
turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). VAWTs include both a drag type configuration like
Savonius wind turbine and a lift-type configuration like Darrieus wind turbine. Savonius wind rotor has many
advantages such as low starting speeds and no need for external torque for its starting. Moreover it is cheaper in
construction and has low maintenance. It is independent of the wind direction and has a good starting torque at
lower wind speeds. The experimental study conducted in this paper aims to investigate the effect of number of
blades and other criteria that can affect the performance of the model of Savonius type wind turbine. The
experiments used to compare 2, 3, and 4 blades wind turbines to show tip speed ratio, torque and power
coefficient related with wind speed. A simulation using ANSYS 13.0 software will show pressure distribution of
wind turbine. The results of study showed that number of blades influence the performance of wind turbine.
Savonius model with three blades has the best performance at high tip speed ratio.
This presentation gives an overview on different types of acid attacks on concrete. Mechanism of each attack is discussed with few case studies. Hope it is useful
The document discusses central mix concrete batching plants. It describes how batching plants measure and combine concrete ingredients according to a mix design. Central mix plants combine ingredients at a central location before transporting the mixed concrete to the job site, allowing for more consistent quality control compared to dry mix plants. The document outlines the production process and components of batching plants, including storage bins, scales, mixers and controls for measuring ingredients.
I was Visited a Site of Bajaj Engineers Project. We have seen their many problems arise in pile foundation and we think how this Problem Should Be Solved?
We Have Visited This Site And Decided To Do Project To Solve This Problem. Our Problem is pile foundation. According To Our Survey This Problem should be reduced by taking such steps towards this problem. We Make Survey On Whole Site And Find Out Problems And We Should Work On To Find Out Solution To Solve Problems
Cracks in concrete and its remedial measures kamariya keyur
Cracks in concrete can be caused by various factors like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, thermal variations, chemical reactions, errors in design and construction practices, structural overloads, foundation movement, and vegetation. The document classifies cracks as structural or non-structural and describes different types of cracks that can occur before or after concrete hardening. It provides details on the causes and prevention measures for different types of cracks like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, crazing, thermal cracks, cracks due to chemical reactions, and those arising from poor construction practices. The summary focuses on the key information around classification, types, causes and remedies of cracks in concrete structures.
A presentation on High Performance Concrete - High performance concrete is a concrete mixture, which possess high durability and high strength when compared to conventional concrete.
Design of short columns using helical reinforcementshivam gautam
Helical reinforcement, also known as spiral reinforcement, is used in circular concrete columns. It consists of longitudinal bars enclosed within a continuously wound spiral reinforcement. Helical reinforcement is sometimes designed instead of normal links for columns because it provides increased strength and ductility. The spiral reinforcement acts compositely with the concrete core and allows the column to sustain higher loads than those with normal links. It also minimizes the risk of stirrups opening during seismic events. The document then provides details on the design of helical reinforcement for short concrete columns, including governing equations and an example problem.
This document outlines guidelines for subsurface exploration for earth and rockfill dams. It recommends conducting exploration in multiple stages - reconnaissance, preliminary, and detailed pre-construction investigations. The preliminary stage involves initial testing to evaluate feasibility, while the detailed stage involves intensive exploration to define subsurface conditions for design. Exploration methods include test pits, trenches, drilling, geophysics, and hydrological and material testing. The extent of exploration depends on dam size and complexity, with greater coverage for taller dams. Exploration should characterize foundation soils and rock to sufficient depth for design.
This document provides guidelines for instrumentation of concrete and masonry dams. It outlines obligatory and optional measurements for dams, including uplift pressure, seepage, temperature, and displacement. Obligatory measurements include uplift pressure, seepage, temperature inside the dam, and displacement measurements using plumb lines or other methods. Optional measurements that may provide additional insights include stress, strain, pore pressure, and seismicity measurements. The document describes different types of measurements in detail and how they can be used to monitor dam performance and safety over time.
This document provides the code of practice for external cement concrete facings (Part II). It outlines the necessary information, materials, design considerations, and types of facings and attachment methods for concrete facing work. Some key points include:
- Precast concrete facing blocks must conform to IS 2185-1962 and have special treatment for durability, color, and surface texture. Common facing slab size is 60x40x3 cm.
- Materials for cramps and metal angle supports must resist corrosion. Mortar materials include cement, sand, lime, and surkhi.
- Structural design must consider wind loads per IS 875-1964 and stresses from facing weight.
- There are two
This document provides unit weights for various building materials and stored materials. It contains 3 tables: Table 1 lists unit weights of individual building materials alphabetically, ranging from acoustical materials to timber. Table 2 lists unit weights of building parts/components such as ceilings, floors, and walls. The Appendix lists unit weights of stored materials including agricultural products, chemicals, fuels, metals and textiles. The document aims to provide weight information to aid in structural design calculations for dead loads in buildings.
This document provides definitions for various types of dams and dam structures. It defines common dam types like arch dams, gravity dams, buttress dams, as well as more specialized types. It also defines related structures like galleries, joints, and components of dams. The definitions are intended to provide precise terminology for river valley projects and avoid ambiguity by standardizing terms.
This document provides specifications for broken brick coarse aggregate for use in lime concrete. It outlines:
- The general quality requirements for the broken bricks, including that they must be well-burnt and free of impurities.
- The physical requirements for the aggregate, including specifications for grading, bulk density, impact value, water absorption, and soluble matter content.
- The sampling methods to be used.
It also includes appendices describing the test methods for determining water absorption and soluble matter content of the aggregate.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for pneumatic concrete breakers from 1966. It defines three classes of concrete breakers based on weight as light (under 20kg), medium (20-32kg), and heavy (32-40kg). It specifies dimensions for tool shanks that connect to the breakers and describes the required construction of the back head assembly, cylinder assembly, and front head assembly. Performance and testing requirements are also specified to ensure breakers meet standards.
This document provides specifications for concrete vibrating tables. It outlines requirements for materials, design, size, capacity and motive power of vibrating tables. Tables are designated by their length and breadth in meters and have minimum capacities of 0.5, 1 or 1.5 tonnes depending on their size. Materials must meet relevant Indian standards and tables can be powered by an eccentric rotor, engine, pneumatic power or electromagnetic pulsators. The document establishes performance testing methods and ensures tables effectively compact concrete in molds.
This document provides the specifications for portable swing weighbatchers used for weighing concrete materials like sand, aggregate and cement. It outlines the key components of single and double bucket weighbatchers including the chassis, swing carriage, weigh buckets, weighing mechanism and wheels. The document specifies material and construction requirements, size and capacity details, and performance standards for weighbatchers. Tolerances of 1% or less for weighing accuracy are required under normal operating conditions.
This document provides details on an Indian standard for concrete vibrators of the screed board type. It outlines:
1. The scope, covering materials, sizes, construction, assembly and performance of screed board concrete vibrators.
2. Terminology for key terms like amplitude of vibration, eccentric shaft, screed board, vibrating unit, etc.
3. Material requirements for parts like the eccentric shaft, tube, rivets, springs and V-belts.
4. Common size designations for screed board vibrators of 3, 4 and 5 meters in length.
5. Construction details covering the mounting of the vibrating unit, positioning, enclosure, lubrication and
This document provides recommendations for using table vibrators to consolidate concrete. It discusses general considerations like the suitability of table vibrators, power units, handling the vibrator, and performance and sizing of vibrators. It also covers concrete mix design, formwork design, and testing of vibrating tables according to relevant Indian Standards. The key points are that table vibrators are well-suited for precast concrete elements, proper power units and maintenance are important, and concrete mix workability and form rigidity affect vibration effectiveness.
This document provides the Indian Standard code of practice for using immersion vibrators to consolidate concrete. It discusses the proper use of immersion vibrators, including suitable concrete mixes, insertion depth and angle of the vibrator needle, thickness of concrete layers, and maintenance of the vibrators. It also addresses safety considerations for electrical vibrators and maintaining service logs to track vibrator performance and repairs. The standard is intended to guide obtaining maximum benefit from vibration consolidation of concrete.
This document provides guidelines for welding mild steel plain and deformed bars used for reinforced concrete construction. It specifies various welding processes that can be used, including flash butt welding, manual metal-arc welding, oxy-acetylene welding, gas pressure welding, and thermit welding. It also provides requirements for welding equipment, electrodes, filler rods, welder qualifications, joint preparation, and inspection of welds. The guidelines are intended to help ensure welds meet minimum strength requirements for reinforced concrete applications.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction in steel in India. It outlines standards and guidelines for materials, design requirements, and structural elements. The document covers steel grades and properties, loads and stresses, corrosion protection, connections, tension members, compression members, beams, plate girders, and other structural components. It aims to provide best practices for the design and construction of steel structures according to Indian standards.
This document provides the specifications for precast reinforced concrete street lighting poles. It outlines the materials, design considerations, testing requirements and more. Some key points:
- Poles must be a minimum of 5.2m in length, with mounting heights of at least 4m and planting depths of at least 1.2m.
- Concrete grade shall be at minimum M20. Reinforcement can be mild steel, medium tensile steel or deformed steel bars.
- Poles shall be designed to resist a maximum bending moment from loads like wind pressure and the weight of fixtures applied 600mm below the light source.
- Testing includes determining the ultimate transverse load at which the pole fails under a load
This document provides specifications for precast concrete cable covers. It classifies cable covers based on whether they are reinforced or unreinforced, and whether they have a peaked or flat design. Reinforced concrete covers with a peaked design are recommended for high voltage cables of 22kV and above. Unreinforced peaked covers are for voltages above 1kV but below 22kV. Unreinforced flat covers are used for cables up to and including 1kV. The document specifies requirements for materials, dimensions, reinforcement, and markings for the different types and classes of precast concrete cable covers.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction in steel in India. It outlines materials used in steel construction like structural steel, rivets, welding consumables, bolts etc. It describes general design requirements for steel structures including types of loads, temperature effects, geometrical properties, holes, corrosion protection, increase of stresses etc. It provides guidelines for design of various steel structural elements like tension members, compression members, members subjected to bending, beams, plate girders, box girders, purlins and sheeting rails. The document is intended to ensure the safe and economic design, fabrication and erection of steel structures in India.
This document provides specifications for concrete batching and mixing plants. It outlines requirements for the plant components and systems. The plant must be capable of accurately batching and mixing materials like cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, and admixtures. Storage bins are required for these materials. The batching equipment must weigh materials to within specified tolerances. The plant capacity must match the mixer size and be at least 100 cubic meters of concrete per hour.
This document provides the specification for power driven mobile cranes. It summarizes the different types of mobile cranes covered, including fully mobile full-slewing, fully mobile part-slewing, fully mobile non-slewing, truck mounted versions of these, and semi-mobile cranes. It also describes the purpose of providing these specifications is to promote safety and transparency. The attached standard is the 1982 specification for power driven mobile cranes, which has been reaffirmed and amended over time.
This document provides the specifications for plain hard drawn steel wire intended for use in prestressed concrete. It outlines the following key points:
- The wire shall be cold drawn from steel produced via various processes to contain less than 0.05% sulfur and phosphorus.
- Nominal diameters shall be 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, or 5.0 mm within specified tolerances.
- The wire must meet minimum tensile strength requirements and have a proof stress of at least 75% of the tensile strength.
- It must pass reverse bend tests without fracturing to demonstrate adequate ductility.
The document also describes manufacturing requirements, permissible defects, testing methods and sampling procedures to
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for plain hard-drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, supply, and testing of steel wire used in prestressed concrete. Some key points:
- The wire must be cold drawn from steel produced by various processes like open hearth or basic oxygen process. The steel composition limits sulfur and phosphorus.
- Wires have nominal diameters between 2.5-8 mm. Tolerances on diameter are specified.
- Physical requirements include minimum tensile strengths specified for each diameter wire. Wire must also meet elongation, relaxation, and stress corrosion requirements.
- Manufacturing process involves cold drawing rods to size, stress relie
The document is the Indian Standard Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel Bars and Wires for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines the requirements and testing procedures for steel reinforcement bars in three strength grades (Fe 415, Fe 500, Fe 550). Key points include:
- The standard covers manufacturing process, chemical composition limits, mechanical properties, and surface characteristics/deformations required for adequate bond with concrete.
- Steel bars must meet requirements for carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and mechanical properties depending on the specified strength grade.
- Deformations on the bar surface are specified as a minimum projected rib area to ensure adequate bond capacity.
- Bars can be manufactured by hot rolling followed by optional cooling/cold working
This document provides the standard form and dimensions for bending and fixing reinforcement bars for concrete structures according to Indian Standard IS: 2502-1963. It specifies the symbols and approximate dimensions for bar bends, as well as the bending and fixing procedures. Tables are included that define the standard hook and bend allowances, curved bar radii, bending and cutting tolerances, and other key specifications for reinforcement bar fabrication according to this Indian code of practice.
This document provides an overview of Indian Standard IS: 3370 (Part II) - 1965, which establishes guidelines for reinforced concrete structures used for liquid storage. It discusses the code's scope and general requirements. Key points include:
- The code provides uniform design and construction standards for liquid storage structures built with reinforced concrete.
- It addresses the assessment of loads, stresses, and statical equilibrium to ensure structural safety and prevent overturning.
- Design provisions are given for resistance to cracking and adequate strength based on permissible concrete and steel stresses.
- The code specifies stress limits for reinforced concrete elements in direct contact with stored liquids.
This document provides the requirements for immersion type concrete vibrators in India. It summarizes the key details of immersion vibrators including materials used, sizes, construction requirements, performance testing, and marking requirements. The document was revised in 1992 to incorporate modifications based on experience and to include provisions for pendulum type vibrators. It aims to provide guidance for both manufacturing and purchasing immersion vibrators to ensure satisfactory performance.
The document is an Indian Standard code of practice for installing joints in concrete pavements. It provides definitions for different types of joints and pavements. It outlines design considerations for the layout and details of transverse and longitudinal joints. It specifies requirements for materials used in joints like joint filler, sealing compounds, and dowel bars. It describes the purpose and details of transverse expansion joints, contraction joints, and construction joints. The code aims to provide guidance on installing joints to control cracking and allow for movement in concrete pavements.
28-5.21 Company Profile of Pyrmaid structural consultant.pptxBoopathi Yoganathan
Pyramid Structural Consultant provides structural design, building approval, and construction services. They have a team of experienced engineers and workers who use software like AutoCAD and STAAD to complete structural designs for RCC and steel buildings. Notable projects include the design of a G+1 residential building in Namakkal. They are located in Puduchatram, Namakkal and can be found on LinkedIn and Facebook.
This document provides a bonafide certificate for a project report on the study of mechanical properties of eco-friendly economic concrete. It certifies that the project was conducted by three students, M.Vineeth, Y.Boopathi, and P.Murali, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree from Kongu Engineering College. The project investigated replacing natural aggregates with steel slag aggregates and M-sand to produce more sustainable concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity of concrete mixes with varying replacement levels.
The document describes an experimental investigation into the properties of concrete with different replacement percentages of natural aggregates with manufactured sand and steel slag. The methodology involves collecting cement, fine aggregates (natural sand and m-sand), coarse aggregates, and steel slag. The mix design for M20 grade concrete is calculated and concrete specimens are cast. The specimens are cured and then tested to determine their mechanical properties. The results are compared to those of conventional concrete to evaluate the suitability of manufactured sand and steel slag as partial replacements for natural aggregates in concrete.
The document discusses two methods for mesh refinement - the p-method and h-method. The p-method increases the order of the polynomial used in the finite element model, allowing for more accurate results without changing the mesh. The h-method reduces the size of elements to create a finer mesh, better approximating the real solution in areas of high stress gradients. Both methods aim to improve the accuracy of finite element analysis results, with the p-method doing so without requiring changes to the mesh.
This document provides guidance on using epoxy injection to repair cracks in concrete structures. The method involves drilling holes along cracks, injecting epoxy under pressure, and allowing it to seep into the cracks. It can repair cracks as small as 0.002 inches. Epoxy injection requires skilled workers and specialized equipment. While it can effectively repair cracks temporarily, the underlying issues causing the cracks may remain if not addressed.
An embedded system is a dedicated computer system that performs specific tasks. An important application of embedded systems is anti-lock braking systems (ABS) in automobiles. ABS uses sensors and electronic control modules to monitor wheel speed and automatically modulate brake pressure to prevent wheel lockup and maintain steering control during emergency braking. By preventing skidding, ABS can help drivers stop more safely and shorten stopping distances on wet or slippery surfaces compared to standard brakes. ABS works by pulsing the brakes rapidly when it detects a wheel is about to lock up, which allows the wheel to continue turning and maintaining traction with the road.
This document discusses past earthquakes in India and retrofitting techniques for masonry structures. It summarizes the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, which had a magnitude of 9.1-9.3 making it one of the largest ever recorded. Over 230,000 people were killed across 14 countries by the resulting tsunamis. The document then discusses failure modes of confined masonry walls and retrofitting techniques to improve seismic resistance, including adding horizontal reinforcement, improving wall density and tie columns. Key factors for seismic resistance of confined masonry structures are also summarized.
The document provides guidelines for selecting, splicing, installing, and protecting open cable ends for resistance-type measuring devices in concrete and masonry dams. It discusses cable specifications, approved splicing methods including vulcanized rubber splices, rubber sleeve covering, and self-bonding tape. It also covers cable and conduit selection, including choosing the proper conduit size based on the number and size of cables to be run. Proper installation techniques are outlined to protect cable runs within concrete structures.
This document provides information on an Indian Standard (IS) for a unified nomenclature of workmen for civil engineering. It was adopted in 1982 by the Indian Standards Institution Construction Management Sectional Committee. The standard aims to unify the different names used for workmen engaged in civil engineering works across India. It then lists the unified nomenclature for various types of workmen and for carts/animals commonly used in civil engineering works.
This document provides details on the design and construction of floors and roofs using precast reinforced or prestressed concrete ribbed or cored slab units. It specifies dimensions for the precast units, including widths up to 3000mm for ribbed units and 2100mm for cored units. It also provides requirements for material strengths, structural design considerations, and loads to be accounted for in design according to other relevant Indian Standards.
This document provides definitions for key terms related to concrete monolith structures used in port and harbour construction. It defines elements like the bottom plug, cutting edge, deck slab, dewatering, fascia wall, filling, kentledge, kerb, and monolith. A monolith is a large hollow rectangular or circular foundation sunk as an open caisson through various soil strata until reaching the desired founding level, at which point the bottom is plugged with concrete.
The document provides specifications for an apparatus used to measure the length change of hardened cement paste, mortar, and concrete. It describes the construction, dimensions, materials, and markings required for a length comparator, which uses a micrometer to measure the change in length of specimens against a reference bar. The length comparator consists of an adjustable frame that holds either a screw or dial micrometer and allows measurement of specimens of different lengths.
This document provides the code of practice for the design and construction of conical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shell foundations. It discusses the preliminary design considerations for shell foundations, including determining the soil design to proportion the foundation dimensions based on allowable bearing pressure and net loading intensity, as well as the structural design of the shell. It also provides figures illustrating reinforcement details for conical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shell foundations. The code covers the relevant terminology and information needed for design, and notes the membrane analysis approach is commonly used for structural design of shell foundations.
This document provides guidelines for designing drainage systems for earth and rockfill dams. It discusses key considerations like controlling pore pressures, internal erosion, and piping. The guidelines cover selecting appropriate drainage features based on the dam type and materials. Features discussed include inclined/vertical filters, horizontal filters, longitudinal and cross drains, transition zones, rock toes, and toe drains. Filter material criteria and design procedures are also outlined.
This document provides recommendations for welding cold-worked steel bars used for reinforced concrete construction according to Indian Standard IS 9417. It summarizes the key welding processes that can be used including flash butt welding, shielded metal arc welding, and gas pressure welding. For each process, it outlines preparation of the bars, selection of electrodes, welding procedures, and safety requirements. Diagrams are provided to illustrate edge preparation and sequences for multi-run butt welding and lap welding joints.
This document provides guidelines for lime concrete lining of canals. It discusses materials used for lime concrete lining such as lime, sand, coarse aggregate and water. It also discusses preparation of subgrade for different soil types including expansive soils, rock and earth. Compaction methods are provided for different soil types. The document also discusses laying of concrete lining and provides specifications for lime concrete mix such as minimum compressive and flexural strength.
This document provides guidelines for structural design of cut and cover concrete conduits meant for transporting water. It outlines various installation conditions for underground conduits and describes how to calculate design loads from backfill pressure, internal/external water pressure, and concentrated surface loads. Design loads include vertical and lateral pressure from backfill based on fill material properties, hydrostatic pressure from water surcharge, and dispersed point loads accounting for fill height and conduit geometry. The conduit is to be designed for the most unfavorable combination of these loads. Recommended fill material properties and methods for load and stress analysis are also provided.
This document provides guidelines for installing and observing cross arms to measure internal vertical movement in earth dams. It describes the components of the mechanical cross arm installation including the base extension, cross arm units, spacer sections, and top section. It provides details on installing each component as the dam is constructed in rock-free or rocky soils. Observation involves using a measuring torpedo attached to a steel tape or cable to take settlement readings from the installed cross arm system.
This document provides guidelines for selecting measurement instruments and their locations for monitoring earth and rockfill dams. It describes various types of measurements needed, including pore pressure, movements, seepage, strains/stresses, and dynamic loads from earthquakes. Planning the instrumentation system is important to ensure required data is obtained during construction and the dam's lifetime. The document discusses different instruments for measuring vertical and horizontal movements, such as surface markers, cross-arm installations, hydraulic devices, magnetic probes, and inclinometers.
This document outlines specifications for concrete finishers used in construction. It specifies requirements for materials, size, construction, capacity, and performance. Key aspects include:
- Concrete finishers are used after spreaders to finish concrete laid by pavers.
- Materials must meet relevant Indian standards. Common sizes are 3-4.5m and 6-7.5m widths.
- Construction includes a steel frame, traction wheels, steering, adjustable screeds, vibrator attachment, drives, controls, and a diesel or petrol power unit.
- Performance requirements ensure the finisher can operate under different conditions to finish concrete slabs within specifications.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
4656
1. Is:465601968
( Rdiirmed 1991)
SPECIFICATION FOR
FORM VIBRATORS FOR CONCRETE
( Fourth Reprint OCTOBER 1991)
UDC 666.97.033.16
@ Cofiyright1968
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAB MARG
NEW DELHI 1loo02
Gr3 August 1968
( Reaffirmed 1996 )
2. Is:4656-1968
SPECIFICATION FOR
FORM VIBRATORS FOR CONCRETE
Construction Plant and hjachinery Sectional Committee, BDC 28
Chairman Rgrcscnting
LT-GEN R. A. LOOXBA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Hadquart-
Members
SIIRI B. D. AH~-JA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
SHRI A. V. JAIN ( Alrcsnt~te)
SkIHI ARDAYAN SlNQH Beas Project
fjHI<I N. S. GILL ( Alfcrnatc )
Slim R. S. BHALLA Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport & Aviation
Snxr G. V. CHELLAM ( Al~ernutc)
SHIH CHANDRAMOHAN Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
( CSIR ) , Durgapur
SHRIR. K. MUKHEBJEE( Ahmafc )
SHRI A. B. CHAUDHURI Jessop & Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRIJ. D. DARO~A Itlab Engineering Private Ltd, Bombay
SHRI J. DAM
Sam K. C. PRINJA ( Al&&)
The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
DIRECTOB,CIVILENOINEERJZJO Railway Board, Ministry of Railways
JOINT DIRECTOR ( WORKS ) ( Alternate)
DIRECTOR( P & M ) Central Water & Power Commi&on
SHkI H. C. GHULATI Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals
BUQ N. B. GRANT Engineer-in-Chief% Branch, Army Headquarters
SHRI P. N. GULATI Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. G. K. Rno ( Aflarnafe )
SHRI S. Y. KHAN Killick, Nixon & Co Ltd, Bombay
SI~RIA. T. KOTEAVALA( Alternate)
SI~RIK. M. KUXAB Linken Private Ltd, Patna
SHU R. K. VARMA( AI&mu&)
SHRI N. Kuxa~ Hutly and Graham Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI V. GULAT~( AltmaU )
Bare P. R. Kr;ra~ Bharat Barth Movers Ltd, Bangalore
SWRIM. M. PARTHA~A~ATEY( AIlem&)
COLS. C. L. MnLIK Rexarch & Development Organization ( Ministry of
LTCOL N. C. GUPTA (Alternate
b
Def’ce )
SHXI M. R. MALYA urmah Shell Oil Storage & Distributing co of India
Ltd, Bombay
DR B. S. BASEI( A&mate )
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3
NEW DELHI 110002
3. I§ : 4656 - 1968
( C0nfinuer.lfrompage1 )
MOnbCrr Rcprescnling
SARI S. C. MAzu~~DAR Cannon Duokerley 8: Co Ltd, lk)mbsy
Saw S. K. GUHA TIIAKURTA ( Alfprnnfe)
SHRI Y. G. PATEL Builders Association of India, Bornbn)
Snnr H. J. SHAH (Ahide)
SHRI D. M. PRASA~ William Jacks & Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI G. K. SETXI ( Altern&)
BRIOS. N. PUNJ Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Hcadqu:r: ters
SHRI H. V. MIRCIIANDANI ( AIternafc)
&RI RAMESII KHANDELWAL Khandelwal Udyos Ltd, Bombay
SHRI G. S. ROVSHEN Armstrong Smith Private Ltd, Bombay
Sam U. G. KALYANPUR ( Alkmak )
SENIOR ENOrmwR Hindustan Construction Co Ltd. Bomba)
SrrnxS. K. SIXKA Directorate General of Technical lhdopmcnt
SAW B. C. SRIVASTAVA Central Building Research Institute ( CSLK ). Ih)rk~c
Smr J. P. KAUSHIK ( Alkrnafe)
DR Bx. SUBBARAJU Central Road Rrscarcil Institute ( WI11 ), Kicw IJrllii
SUPEHINTENDINO EIXXNEER, Central Public Works Ueparlmcnt
DELI~I CENTRAL ELECTRXCAL
CIRCLE No. 111
EXECUTIVE ENOINEER
( ELE-ICAL ) MECIIANI-
CAL & WoRxeHoP
DIVISION ( Al&m& )
SHILI N. H. TAYLOR Recondo Private Ltd, Bombay
SHRXT. H. PEsHORI ( Aftmak )
SIIRI N. S. VISWANATHM Marshall Sons & Co Mfg Ltd, Bombay
SRRI R. NAQARAJAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex-o$io Mcmbn )
Director ( Civ Engg )
SEBI Y. R. TANEJA
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ) , ISI
Panel for Concrete Vibrators, BDC 28/P - 2
Gmvrw
DR S. M. K. CHECK
Mcmbus
DR R., K. GEOSH
SARI C. L. N. 1~~zra.t~
SHBI R. K. JAJODU
SElu s. Y. KHAN
SRRI N. KUMAB
Smzr V. &JLATI ( Ahmafe )
SHRI H. V. MIRC~DANI
Srrsr G. S. Roveam
SH~I G. K. Smm
Sm B. C. SIW~STAVA
Repwen~ing
Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkec
Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi
The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
Lynx Machinery Ltd, Calcutta
Killick, Nixon & Co Ltd, Bombay
Heatly and Gresham Ltd, Calcutta
Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters
Armstrong Smith Private Ltd, Bombay
William Jacks & Co Ltd. Calcutta
Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee
2
4. Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
FORM VIBRATORS FOR CONCRETE
0. FOREWORD
0.1This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 23 May 1968, after the draft finalized by the Construction Plant and
Machinery Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineer-
ing Division Council.
0.2 Form vibrators are generally used for compaction of concrete in precast
concrete moulds, such as pipes, gullies and deep post-tensioned beams.
They are also used for compaction of in-situ concrete in small and narrow
sections or very heavily reinforced sections where immersion vibrators can
not be used.
0.2.1 Form vibrators are generally powered by electric or air motor and
are of two types, namely ‘ the fixed or clamp type ’ and ‘ the manual type ‘.
The clamp type is mostly used although hand held type is also sometimes
used in situations where there are no means of fittings the clamps or where
continuous movement along the forms is desirable. The fixed type is
always directly coupled with the prime mover unit whereas the manual
type is either directly coupled to the prime mover or is connected to the
primer mover through a flexible shaft drive. This standard covering
electrically operated, fixed and manual type form vibrator has been pre-
pared with a view. to providing guidance to the manufacturers and users
in obtaining form vibrators capable of giving satisfactory service.
0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express-
ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard lays down requirements for material, sizes, construction
and performance of form vibrators for concrete.
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply mostly to electric motor
driven form vibrators. Pneumatic powered form vibrators are not covered
by thisstandard, although some of the provisions of this standard may also
apply to these types of vibrators.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
3
5. IS:4656-1968
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
2.1 Amplitude of Vibration - Maximum displacement of a vibrating
body from its mean position during vibration. It is usually expressed as
half of the total displacement.
2.!& Eccentric Shaft ( Rotor) - The rotating shaft of the vibrating unit
designed to produce the required frequency and amplitude of vibration.
2.3 Frequency of Vibration- Number of complete cycles of vibrations
per minute.
2.4 Vibrating Unit -The complete assembly of casing, eccentric shaft,
bearings, couplings, etc.
2.5 Vibration Acceleration -The maximum acceleration per cycle of
vibration. It is usually expressed as a multiple of g, the acceleration due
to gravity.
3. MATERIAL
3.1 Steel Sections, Bars and Plates -Steel sections, bars and plates
shall conform to IS :226-1962*.
3,2 Mild Steel Sheets -Mild steel sheets shall conform to IS : 1079-1963t.
5.3 Rivet Bars -Rivet bars shall conform to IS : 1148-1964:.
3.4 Springs - Springs shall be manufactured from suitable grade of spring
wire conforming to IS : 727-1964s.
3.5 Eccentric Shaft-The eccentric shaft shall be of suitable grade of
carbon steel, such as C-35 of IS : 1570-19617 or equivalent to minimize
wear.
3.6 All other materials to be used in the construction of the vibrator shall
conform to the relevant Indian Standards.
4. TYPES
4.1 The form vibrator shall be of the types as given in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
4.1.1 Fixed or Clamfi Type-The vibrator provided with the clamping
arrangement for fixing on the outside of form for concrete.
4.1.2 Manual Type-The vibrator provided with a handle to allow it CO
be held manually against the formwork for concrete,
*Specificationfor structuralsteel ( standardquality ) ( third revision)
$$ecification for hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip ( revised) .
$$ccification for rivet bars for structural purposes ( reuised ).
$+ecification fey hard drawn carbon steel wire for springs for general engineermg pur-
ms ( revised). ( &xe wIthdrawn 1.
~Schedulcs for wrought steels f6r general engineering purposes.
4
6. IS:4656-1968
5. SIZE DESIGNATION
5.1 The vibrators shall be designated according to the capacity of the
primer mover (power unit) and the type of the vibrator.
Examjdes :
FDC-200
MDC-200
MF-400
Fixed, directly coupled; capacity of the power unit
0.2 kW
Manual, directly coupled; capacity of the power unit
0.2 kW
Manual, flexible shaft drive; capacity of the power unit
0.40 kW
5.2 The size designation of the vibrator and the weight of the vibrating body
for vibrators of different sizes shall be as given in Table 1.
TABLE 1 DETAILS OF VIBRATORS
DESICh TYPEOFVIB- CAPACXTYQB WEIGHTOFTHE REMARKS
NATION RATOR THE POWER UNIT VIBRATINQ
( See4 ) kW BODY, kg
FDC-200 Fixed, directly 0.2 lo-25 The eccentric
coupled shaft shall be
FDC-400 -do- 0.4 25-40 directly
coupled to
FDC-550 -do- 0.55 30 - 50
1
the power
unit (elect-
FDC-750 -do- 0.75 60-80 ric motor )
(X86.2).
1
The eccentric
shaft shall be
MDC-200 Manual, directly 0.2 Less than 10
I
directly
coupled coupled to
the power
MDC-250 -do- 0.25 Less than 15 f unit (elect-
!J
ric motor)
(~6.2).
1
The eccentric
shaft shall be
MF-400 Manual, flexible 040 Less than 5 coupled to
the power
MF-550 -do- 0:55
unit through
Less than 6 a flexible
shaft drive
(see6.2).
NOTE -The weight of the vibrating body includes the electric motor in the case of
direct coupling type, but excludes the chuck of the flexible shaft guard ring in the case
of flexible shaft driven type.
5
7. 13:4656-1968
6. CONSTRUCTION
6.1 Fixed or Clamp Type Vibrator-The fixed or clamp type vibrator
shall be made up of prime mover, vibrating unit and the clamping arrange-
ments for attaching the vibrator to the concrete formwork. The shaft of
the vibrating unit shall be directly coupled to the prime mover so that the
prime mover and the vibrating unit are contained in a single body
(see Fig. 1).
FIELD COIL-y AFIELD CORE
SHAFl -f -
ROlATlNG ECCENTRC
FIG. 1 TYPICAL DIAGRAMMATICARRANGEMENTOF FIXED OR
CLAMP TYPE FORM VIBRATOR
6.1.1 The vibrator shall be capable of being firmly attached to th8
concrete forms, SO that there is no relative movement between the vibrator
and the forms. Suitable arrangements shall be provided to allow for
attachment and removal of the vibrator from the formwork without any
undue effort or loss of time.
6.2 Manual Type Vibrator-The manual type vibrator shall be made up
of power unit, vibrating unit and the flexible shaft. The shaft of the
vibrating unit shall be either directly coupled to the power unit so that the
power unit and the vibrating tinit are contained in a single body [see Fig.
2 (A)] or connected to the power unit through a ‘flexible shaft drive
[see Fig. 2 (B) 1.
6.3 The coupling arrangement between the vibrating unit and the power
unit, both in case of fixed as well as wnual type, shall be designed
to prevent disengagement of the eccentriq shaft during operation.
6.4 Vibrating Unit -The vibrating unit shall be of totalig enclosed con-
struction and shall be filled with correct amount of lubricafit and properly
sealed to protect against the entry of dust and moisture.
6.4.1 Eccentric Shaft-Eccentric shaft shall preferably be of suitable grade
of carbon steel, such as C-35 of IS : 1570-1961* and shall be tempered and
polished.
*Schedulesforwrought steelsforgeneral engineering purposes.
6
8. IS : 4656 - 1968
BEVEL GEAR
GECCENTRIC
WEIGHT
2A DIRECTLY COUPLED TO ELECTRIC MOTOR
28 CONNECTED TO ELECTRIC MOTOR THROUGH A FLEXIBLE SHAFT
FIG. 2 TYPICAL DIAGRAMMATICARRANGEMENTOF
MANUALTYPE FORM VIBRATOR
6.4.2 Bearings-The bearings shall conform to relevant Indian Stand-
ards. They shall be of adequate.size and suitably ‘mounted, preferably
press fitted on the shaft so as to take both radial and axial loads.
6.4.2.1 The bearings and the eccentric shaft assembly shall be such as
to enable the removal of the shaft for repairs and replacements. Suitable
arrangements shall be provided for adequate lubrication of bearings.
7. POWER UNIT
7.1 The vibrator shall be ‘capable of being driven by an electric motor of
continuous rating and of capacity indicated in 5.1 to ensure the required
performance. The rating of the power unit in terms of kilowatts shall be
suitably displayed on it.
7.2 The electrical motor and other electrical equipment shall conform to
relevant Indian Standards.
7.3 Suitable arrangement shall be, provided for adjusting the vibration
characteristics of the vibrating unit, and the efficiency of the device pro-
7
9. IS :4656- 1968
vided for this purpose shall be such that the performance of the vibrator is
constant under any operating condition. In the case of flexible shaft
driven vibrators, suitable arrangement shall be provided for starting or
stopping the vibrating unit without its actual disconnection from the power
unit.
8. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
8.1 The moving parts shall be suitably enclosed to guard against acci-
dents.
8.2 Suitable earthing and safety arrangements shall be provided for electric
motors and components conforming to requirements of relevant Indian
Standards and safety regulations.
9; VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS
9.1 The vibrator shall be designed to have operational characteristics speci-
fied in 9.1.1 to 9.1.3.
9.1.1 Frequency-Frequency of vibration under no-load (operation in
air) state, measured in accordance with 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 shall not be less
than 2 800 vibrations per minute.
!
9.1.2 The amplitude under no-load state ( operation in air ) measured in
accordance with 9.2.1and 9.2.3 shall not be less than the values specified
below:
Designation Amplitude
(see 5) mm
FDC - 200 1
FDC - 400 1.5
FDC-550 1.5
FDC - 750 1.5
MDC - 200 0.25
MDC - 250 0.4
MF - 400 0.25
MF - 550 0.4
9.1.3 The acceleration of vibration under loaded state shall be not less
than 3 g when tested according to 9.2.4.
9.2 Measurement of Operational Characteristics
9.2.1 Measurement of Frequency and Amplitude of Vibration -The frequency
md amplitude of vibration of the vibrating unit shall be determined in no-
bd state (operation in air) by operating the vibrating unit, so kept on a
8
10. IS : 4656 - 1968
piece ofsponage rubber or a substance of similar softness more than 25 mm
thick, that the eccentric shaft remains horizontal. In the case of flexible
type, it should be operated with the flexible shaft in horizontal position.
9.2.2 The measurement of frequency shall be carried out with the help of
an electromagnetic vibration pick up or reed vibrator or stroboscope or
tachometer, or any other equally suitable instrument. However, the
tachometer shall not be used with vibrator whose rate of rotation per
minute and frequency are not the same.
9.2.3 The amplitude shall be measured by combined set of osciloscope,
amplitude measuring apparatus and electromagnetic pick up or any other
equally suitable instrument.
9.2.4 Measurement of Vibration Acceleration in Loaded State-The vibration
acceleration in loaded state shall be measured by attaching to the vibrator,
a rectangular parallelepiped plumb bob of cast iron or steel and of weight
specified in Table 2 and operating the vibrator as stated in 9.2.1. The
load shall be fixed with the help of bolts to the part of the vibrator that
comes in contact with the concrete form.
TABLE 2 WEIGHTS OF PLUMB BOBS
DESICJNATION WEIGHT OF PLUMB BOB
kg
FDC-200
FDC-400 1::
FDC-550 150
FDC-750 250
MDC-LOO
MDC-250 zi
MF-400
MF-,550 ;:
NOTE-The length and width of the plumb bob should preferably be equal to the
part that comes in contact with the mould.
9.2.4.1 The vibration acceleration shall be either measured with the
help of piezoelectric accelerometer, or by combined set of osciloscope,
amplitude measuring apparatus and electromagnetic pick up, or any other
equally suitable apparatus, calculated by using the following equation:
A=(ll*18an2 lo’)g
where
A = vibration acceleration,
a = amplitude of vibration in millimetres under loaded state as
defined in 2.1,
n = measured frequency of vibration under loaded state in cycles
per minute, and
g = acceleration due to gravity, expressed in mm/s/s.
9
11. ’IS :4656- 1968
10. MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
10.1 The vibrator, when operated continuously fbr one hour for compac-
tion of concrete shall not show any over heiting of the motor, the vibrat-
ing unit or its bearings; normally a temperature rise beyond 40°C above
the ambient temperature shall not be allowed. There shall also be
no notable variation in the frequency and amplitude of vibration. No
undesirable play shall develop in the eccentric shaft and the means of
attachment of vibrating unit to the power unit and the concrete form.
11. INSTRUCTION SHEET
11.1 The manufacturer or supplier shall supply to the purchaser instruc-
tion sheet containing instructions regarding installation, operation, main-
tenance and lubrication of the machine.
12. MARKING
12.1 The following information shall be permanently and conspicuously
marked on the vibrator:
a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark and serial number of the
machine,
b ) Vibrator designation ( see 5))
c ) Vibration characteristics,
d) Type and rating of the power unit to be used, and
e ) Year of manufacture.
12.1.1 The. vibrator may also be marked with the IS1 Certification
Mark.
NOTE- The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by theprovisions of the
Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act and the Rules and Regulations
made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys
the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that
standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is
d&vised and supervisedby ISI and operated by the producer. IS1 marked products are
also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard.
Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark
may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian
Standards Institution.
10
12. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 telegrams: Manaksanstha
( Common to all Offices)
Regipnal Offices: Telephone
Central : Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,
I
331 01 31
NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375
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Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SC0 445-448, Sector.35~C,
1
21843
CHANDIGARH 180038 3 1841
41 24 42
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41 2918
TWostern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East), 8 32 92 95
BOMBAY 400093
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‘Purhpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 283 48 .
AHMADABAD 380001
$Pe~~~~~~~~si”$GBlst Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road
I
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3: %%
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Ganeotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road. T. f. Naoar, ’ 8 87 18
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inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ):-
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PUNE 411005
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Street. Calcutta 700072
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Bombay 4OOOO7
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Bangalore 560002
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
23 1083
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