I was Visited a Site of Bajaj Engineers Project. We have seen their many problems arise in pile foundation and we think how this Problem Should Be Solved?
We Have Visited This Site And Decided To Do Project To Solve This Problem. Our Problem is pile foundation. According To Our Survey This Problem should be reduced by taking such steps towards this problem. We Make Survey On Whole Site And Find Out Problems And We Should Work On To Find Out Solution To Solve Problems
Complete details of EHV Transmission Line. Consolidated this presentation from those experts who had contributed separately on slider share and other web pages.Thanks for their valuable inputs.
Complete details of EHV Transmission Line. Consolidated this presentation from those experts who had contributed separately on slider share and other web pages.Thanks for their valuable inputs.
Traditionally overhead transmission lines are built on lattice type structures. Significant ROW and aesthetics issues have stalled construction of new transmission line corridors.Replacement of traditional lattice structures with MONOPOLE structures is a significant step in this direction. The advantages of monopoles are significant wind loading capacity, smallest footprint, higher reliability under extreme condition.
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
1 of 5 training modules created for simple understanding of types of tower structures for vertical applications used in the Wireless network development industry
Traditionally overhead transmission lines are built on lattice type structures. Significant ROW and aesthetics issues have stalled construction of new transmission line corridors.Replacement of traditional lattice structures with MONOPOLE structures is a significant step in this direction. The advantages of monopoles are significant wind loading capacity, smallest footprint, higher reliability under extreme condition.
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
1 of 5 training modules created for simple understanding of types of tower structures for vertical applications used in the Wireless network development industry
In this ppt you will get all information regarding shaft sinking. Like what is permanent lining and temporary lining. How to decide shape of shaft, drilling blasting, support, lighting in shaft. Use of shaft and skips.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
well foundation of six lane new ganga bridge near kacchi dargah in district P...Arman Hashmi
WELL FOUNDATION PPT, well foundation of six lane new ganga bridge near kacchi dargah in district Patna on NH-30 to near Bidupur in vishali district on NH-103 from bihar state road developement corporation limited
Larsen and Toubro (Lucknow Metro Project) Summer Internship PresentationShuBham RaNa
Hello Friends Myself SHUBHAM RANA . I am pursuing B.Tech in Civil Engineering from IIT ROORKEE. This is the glimpse of my work and basic aspects which I learned while doing my Internship in Larsen and Toubro Heavy Civil Infra IC. Thank You :)
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
4. Transmission Line Tower
Transmission towers are the most visible
component of the power transmission system.
Their function is to keep the high-voltage
conductors (power lines) separated from their
surroundings and from each other. A variety of
tower designs exist that generally employ an open
lattice work or a monopole, but generally they are
very tall (a 500 kv tower might be 150 feet tall with
cross arms as much as 100 feet wide), metal
structures.
9. There are special type of Tower as
per Special Usage
•River Crossing Tower
•Railway/Highway Crossing Tower
Also according to angle of Deviation there are few
types of Transmission towers :-
•A Type Tower angle of deviation 0-2
•B Type Tower angle of deviation2-15
•C Type Tower angle of deviation 15-30
•D type Tower angle of deviation 30-60
10. Suspension Tower
In this case, the tower is supposed
to carry a downward force, and a
lateral force, but not a longitudinal
force.
These may have, for each conductor,
an insulator string hanging down from
the tower.
Two strings making a "V" shape.
11. Tension Tower
A dead-end tower (also anchor tower, anchor
pylon) is a fully self-supporting structure used in
construction of overhead transmission lines. A
dead-end tower uses horizontal strain insulators
and is used when the circuit changes to a buried
cable, or at a substation as a transition
to a "slack span" entering the equipment.
Dead-end towers may be used when a
transmission line changes direction by
more than a few degrees.
12. Transposition Tower
In electrical power transmission,
a transposition tower is a
transmission tower that changes
the relative physical positions of the
conductors of a transmission line.
A transposition tower allows these
sections to be connected together,
while maintaining adequate clearance
for the conductors.
13. Types Of Foundation Used In Transmission
Tower:-
Steel Foundation
Concrete Spread Footing
Caisson
Pile Foundation
Rock Foundation
Raft Foundation
Novel Foundation
14. Suitability of Foundation According to
Transmission Tower:-
Steel Foundation:-
There are pyramid arrangements that transfer the
horizontal shear to the base through truss action.
Other types transfer the shear through shear
members that engage the lateral resistance of the
compacted backfill.
15. Suitability Of Steel Foundation:-
This type of grillage foundation can also be
safely used for light towers where the soil
encountered is soft and is permanently water-
logged.
16. Rock Foundations :-
If bed rock is close to the surface, a rock
foundation can be installed.
It is also helpful to wet the hole before
placing concrete to ensure a good bond.
17. Piles Foundation Are Use:-
Piles are used to transmit loads through soft
soil layers to stiffer soils or rock. The piles
can be of wood, prestressed concrete, cast
in place concrete, concrete filled shells,
steel H piles, steel pipes filled with
concrete, and prestressed concrete cylinder
piles.
18. Suitability Of Raft Foundation:-
This type of foundation is suitable where
the ground conditions are very poor and
bearing power of the soil is so low that
individual spread footing cannot be
provided.
19. Suitability of Caisson:-
Caisson is suitable when hard strata are
available at shallow depth and soil bearing
capacity is very high.
20. Site Details
Project Cost:- 16 cr.
Pile Depth:- 20 m
Pile Dia:- 600 mm
Reinforcement Detail:-
Bars:- Longitudinal bar 8 Nos-25 mm Dia.
Pitch:- 150 mm
Stirrups:- 8 mm
Concrete Grade:- M-30
Cement Grade:- Cement 53 Grade OPC
Steel Grade:- Fe 415
Spacing Of Tower:- 350 meter
Total No of Pile:- 312
Total Length of Project :- 15 km. ‘Adani Port’ to ‘Tuna Port’
21. Problems
1. Break Down Because of Mechanical Failure
2. Transport Of Heavy Machine
3. Hard strata
4. Boring Blade
5. Trimie got chock up Because Of Various
Reasons.
6. Delay in Setting time of concrete while piling
7. Welding/Joint Failure At Lapping
22. Problems
8. Hollow piling problem
9. Collapse of sides of pile during
drilling/boring of pile
10. Due to entrapped air in trimie pipe, there is
a risk of blockage in it.
23. Solutions And Preventive Measure
Hard Strata Problem:-
Solution:-
A range of high strength drilling equipment
including rock augers, rock roller bits, core
barrels and cluster hammers to give a
productive solution to drilling in rock from 5
MPa to over 300 MPa.
With the support of a large fleet of rotary drill
rigs we can take on small or large projects for
any diameter of drilling in high strength rock.
Cluster drills have been used to drill rock
sockets up to 8 m long in very high strength
basalt
24. Boring Blade:-
Preventive Measure:-
If the bore hole in such bigger that a person can insert
in the drilled hole and by rope the bit/blade can be took
out.
Broken of bit:- The piece of that has fallen into the bore
hole can be taken out by the magnet.
Solution:-
Boring plate should be used of
good quality (carbon Steel ) Carbon
tools should be welded on boring
blades.
Rock augers are generally the
preferred tool for drilling in
materials that have a high
concentration of cobbles or boulders.
25. Collapse of sides of pile during drilling/boring
of pile:-
Preventive Measure:-
The liner should be placed up to a certain Depth or
up to the depth of the loose soil strata.
Solution:-
Normally the following three major mineral groups
of soil are used instead of bentonite:-
Montmorillonite
Illite
Kaolinite
Bentonite
26. Welding/Joint Failure At Lapping:-
Preventive Measure:-
◦ The Lapping should be done as per the
specification and the bars should be bend
properly.
◦ If the collapsed cage is at such a level than
the cage should be taken out and after the
inspection of the cage and if the collapsed
cage is damaged then new cage should be
placed.
◦ If above solution in not possible then that
bore will be failed and at other point the
piling should be done if necessary.
27. Welding/Joint Failure At Lapping:-
Solution:-
For lapping of steel reinforcement instead
of welding the steel bars. Threading should
be done in the bars and it should be
tightened and then it should be welded.
28. Tremie Pipe Problem:-
Preventive Measure:-
The tremie pipe should be taken out and
when the entraps air fully comes out then
again pipe is attached and work can be
continued.
29. Tremie Pipe Problem:-
Solution:-
If PVC pipes are used then the joints become air
proof and chances of blockage reduces.
Light weight rigid plastic tremie should used or
tremie made of fiber plastic should be used which
are light in weight.
30. Suitability Of Pile Foundation:-
This type of foundation is suitable under the
following situations ;
1. When the soil is very soft and solid base is
not available at a reasonable depth to keep
the bearing power within safe limits.
2. When the grillage and raft foundation are very
expansive.
3. When the tower is very high carrying heavy
concentrated loads.
4. When it is necessary to construct a tower
along the sea shore or river bed
34. Conclusion
After detailed study of our project, we are
able to know different kind of problems like
lapping problem, boring blade, hard strata
problem etc. in construction of transmission
line tower.
This project is helpful for detailed analysis
of problems and to find out suitability of type
of foundation according to site condition for
the same.