An overview of diagnostic tools used in RESNET testingBill Spohn
Learn about the variety of tools and test instruments that apply in RESNET standards 310 (pending) and 380. We'll cover the proper procedures as well as pros and cons of various devices.
More and more stack testers are turning to sorbent trap sampling to measure mercury emissions from a variety of industrial sources. New sorbent traps and protocols are also being developed to measure compounds like ammonia and hydrogen chloride. This presentation provides an overview of CleanAir's array of options for stack emission testing using sorbent traps...from purely manual no-frills samplers to a fully automated monitoring system.
For efficient control of combustion and drying processes
Simultaneous or as individual measurement: the GM35 gas analyzer measures CO2, H2O and CO, or N2O, as well temperature and pressure – and it does this reliably, quickly, and economically. As an in-situ gas analyzer, the GM35 detects these gas components directly in the gas stream without gas sampling. Reliability, precision, and short response time of the GM35 offer a key advantage for efficient control loops in all CO and CO2-generating processes.
Fired heaters and its auxiliaries are an essential component in the Chemical Process Industries (CPI). Fired heaters are primarily used to heat hydrocarbons. They are one of the major consumers of energy and hence, it is indispensable for such systems to have efficient operation.
Furnace Improvements Services has a specialist CFD team for modelling fired heater systems. We have developed best practices for each of the above cases and have successfully implemented various recommendations from CFD simulations.
An overview of diagnostic tools used in RESNET testingBill Spohn
Learn about the variety of tools and test instruments that apply in RESNET standards 310 (pending) and 380. We'll cover the proper procedures as well as pros and cons of various devices.
More and more stack testers are turning to sorbent trap sampling to measure mercury emissions from a variety of industrial sources. New sorbent traps and protocols are also being developed to measure compounds like ammonia and hydrogen chloride. This presentation provides an overview of CleanAir's array of options for stack emission testing using sorbent traps...from purely manual no-frills samplers to a fully automated monitoring system.
For efficient control of combustion and drying processes
Simultaneous or as individual measurement: the GM35 gas analyzer measures CO2, H2O and CO, or N2O, as well temperature and pressure – and it does this reliably, quickly, and economically. As an in-situ gas analyzer, the GM35 detects these gas components directly in the gas stream without gas sampling. Reliability, precision, and short response time of the GM35 offer a key advantage for efficient control loops in all CO and CO2-generating processes.
Fired heaters and its auxiliaries are an essential component in the Chemical Process Industries (CPI). Fired heaters are primarily used to heat hydrocarbons. They are one of the major consumers of energy and hence, it is indispensable for such systems to have efficient operation.
Furnace Improvements Services has a specialist CFD team for modelling fired heater systems. We have developed best practices for each of the above cases and have successfully implemented various recommendations from CFD simulations.
Design Considerations for Antisurge Valve SizingVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors experience a phenomenon called “Surge” which can be defined as a situation where a flow reversal from the discharge side back into the compressor casing causing mechanical damage.
The reasons are multitude ranging from driver failure, power failure, upset process conditions, start up, shutdown, failure of anti-surge mechanisms, check valve failure to operator error to name a few. The consequences of surge are more mechanical in nature whereby ball bearings, seals, thrust bearing, collar shafts, impellers wear out and sometimes depending on the how powerful are the surge forces, cause fractures to the machinery parts due to excessive vibrations.
The following tutorial explains how to size an anti-surge valve for a single stage VSD system for Concept/Basic Engineering purposes.
Changing Best Practices in Flue Gas AnalysisYokogawa1
Zirconium Oxide and Catalytic Bead sensor based analyzers have been the primary means of flue gas analysis for control and safety. The recently published API-556 has highlighted several considerations when using these technologies that were not commonly known throughout the industry. This webinar will explain the theory of operation of tunable diode laser spectrometers and the application thereof to gas fired reformers, boilers, & heaters as a layer of protection during startup and efficiency diagnostic during operation.
During this webinar recording, you will learn:
-What is the purpose of flue gas?
-The evolution of flue gas Analyzers
-Industry standards and recommended practices on the application of different types of instruments
Hoffer Flow Controls has been designing and manufacturing quality turbine flowmeters and related process instrumentation. Hoffer Flow Controls manufactures high precision turbine flowmeters, not only for the cryogenic industry but is a world leader in turbine flowmeter technology for the measurement of clean liquids and gases throughout the processing industries.
Pneumatic Products BAP desiccant dryer purifiers are designed to provide a continuous supply of clean, safe breathing air from your existing compressed air system.
The CA Station measures the total and static pressure components of airflow. The combination and dispersion of total and static pressure sensing ports minimizes the effect of directional airflow, and the addition of the honeycomb airflow processing cell makes the CA Station extremely effective at accurately measuring airflow in limited straight duct runs.
The Claus process is the industry standard and so the most
significant gas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur
from gaseous hydrogen sulfide.
The process is commonly referred to as a sulfur recovery unit
(SRU) and is very widely used to produce sulfur from the
hydrogen sulfide found in raw natural gas and from the by-product
sour gases containing hydrogen sulfide derived from refining
petroleum crude oil and other industrial facilities.
There are many hundreds of Claus sulfur recovery units in
operation worldwide.
In fact, the vast majority of the 68,000,000 metric tons of sulfur
produced worldwide in one year is by-product sulfur from
petroleum refining and natural gas processing plants.
Excel sheet Download Link: https://www.scribd.com/document/385945712/PSV-Sizing-Tool-API-Based-Calc-Sheets
PSV Sizing for Blocked Liquid Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Blocked Gas Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Fire Case of Liquid Filled Vessel
PSV Sizing for Control Valve Fail Open Case
Relief Valve Sizing for Thermal Expansion
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Gas Flow
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow
Single Phase Flow Line Sizing Tool
Gas Control Valve Sizing Tool
Kevin Kraus, Saint Francis University Environmental Engineering Department, “...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Ancient technology that found its roots in the Catalan Forge in Spain, has seen a revival in recent years to treat acid mine drainage. This technology harnesses the power of hydraulics and hydrology by passively compressing air via the use of falling water, using no moving parts. A group of recently-graduated students from Saint Francis University have done extensive research in attempt to procure sizing guidance and parameters for the installation of this passive technology.
Presentation for Macnaught's oval gear flow meters including the operating principle of positive displacement flow meters, suitable applications and an introduction to their MX-Series.
Design Considerations for Antisurge Valve SizingVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors experience a phenomenon called “Surge” which can be defined as a situation where a flow reversal from the discharge side back into the compressor casing causing mechanical damage.
The reasons are multitude ranging from driver failure, power failure, upset process conditions, start up, shutdown, failure of anti-surge mechanisms, check valve failure to operator error to name a few. The consequences of surge are more mechanical in nature whereby ball bearings, seals, thrust bearing, collar shafts, impellers wear out and sometimes depending on the how powerful are the surge forces, cause fractures to the machinery parts due to excessive vibrations.
The following tutorial explains how to size an anti-surge valve for a single stage VSD system for Concept/Basic Engineering purposes.
Changing Best Practices in Flue Gas AnalysisYokogawa1
Zirconium Oxide and Catalytic Bead sensor based analyzers have been the primary means of flue gas analysis for control and safety. The recently published API-556 has highlighted several considerations when using these technologies that were not commonly known throughout the industry. This webinar will explain the theory of operation of tunable diode laser spectrometers and the application thereof to gas fired reformers, boilers, & heaters as a layer of protection during startup and efficiency diagnostic during operation.
During this webinar recording, you will learn:
-What is the purpose of flue gas?
-The evolution of flue gas Analyzers
-Industry standards and recommended practices on the application of different types of instruments
Hoffer Flow Controls has been designing and manufacturing quality turbine flowmeters and related process instrumentation. Hoffer Flow Controls manufactures high precision turbine flowmeters, not only for the cryogenic industry but is a world leader in turbine flowmeter technology for the measurement of clean liquids and gases throughout the processing industries.
Pneumatic Products BAP desiccant dryer purifiers are designed to provide a continuous supply of clean, safe breathing air from your existing compressed air system.
The CA Station measures the total and static pressure components of airflow. The combination and dispersion of total and static pressure sensing ports minimizes the effect of directional airflow, and the addition of the honeycomb airflow processing cell makes the CA Station extremely effective at accurately measuring airflow in limited straight duct runs.
The Claus process is the industry standard and so the most
significant gas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur
from gaseous hydrogen sulfide.
The process is commonly referred to as a sulfur recovery unit
(SRU) and is very widely used to produce sulfur from the
hydrogen sulfide found in raw natural gas and from the by-product
sour gases containing hydrogen sulfide derived from refining
petroleum crude oil and other industrial facilities.
There are many hundreds of Claus sulfur recovery units in
operation worldwide.
In fact, the vast majority of the 68,000,000 metric tons of sulfur
produced worldwide in one year is by-product sulfur from
petroleum refining and natural gas processing plants.
Excel sheet Download Link: https://www.scribd.com/document/385945712/PSV-Sizing-Tool-API-Based-Calc-Sheets
PSV Sizing for Blocked Liquid Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Blocked Gas Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Fire Case of Liquid Filled Vessel
PSV Sizing for Control Valve Fail Open Case
Relief Valve Sizing for Thermal Expansion
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Gas Flow
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow
Single Phase Flow Line Sizing Tool
Gas Control Valve Sizing Tool
Kevin Kraus, Saint Francis University Environmental Engineering Department, “...Michael Hewitt, GISP
Ancient technology that found its roots in the Catalan Forge in Spain, has seen a revival in recent years to treat acid mine drainage. This technology harnesses the power of hydraulics and hydrology by passively compressing air via the use of falling water, using no moving parts. A group of recently-graduated students from Saint Francis University have done extensive research in attempt to procure sizing guidance and parameters for the installation of this passive technology.
Presentation for Macnaught's oval gear flow meters including the operating principle of positive displacement flow meters, suitable applications and an introduction to their MX-Series.
Air compressor overview and basic selection guideAnilkumar B Nair
Provide an overview of Air compressors
Provide a generic guideline for Air compressor selection process
This presentation is prepared for target audience:Facility Managers, Utility Engineers. Technicians and Process associates
Toshniwal - Thermal mass flow meters and controllerSangeethaS99
THERMAL MASS FLOW METERS AND CONTROLLER
The range of Thermal Mass Flow Meters from Bronkhorst address high accuracy in low flow rate scenarios like those seen in laboratory and Pilot plant usages. With a housing designed for laboratory and clean processing conditions, the instruments are truly unique in their capability to measure and control flow ranges between 0,014…0,7 mln/min and 8…1670 ln/min with pressure rating between vacuum and 400 bar – all in one range of instruments.
FEATURES
Rangeability in digital mode up to 1:150
High accuracy (standard 0,5% Rd plus 0,1% FS)
Pressure ratings 64 / 100 bar
Highly resistant to mechanical shocks and pressure fluctuations
Large range of Input/output options to choose from
Extremely fast and dynamic response
User configurable control characteristics
Applications
Analytical/environmental equipment
Gas flow monitoring in food, chemical and petrochemical industries
Gas consumption measurement in gas distribution systems for internal accounting purposes
Detection of gas leakage through objects
Semiconductor manufacturing
Surface treatment installations
What is a flowmeter ?
Simply a device that can monitor and measure the actual amount of ‘product’ being sent through it. Typically flowmeters in industry are used for monitoring use of water, chemicals, ingredients, etc.
Insertion turbine flow meters measure flow of liquid, gas, and
steam by detecting the frequency of rotation of the turbine blades. The frequency of turbine rotation is directly proportional to the flow velocity. Insertion turbine flow meters measure flow by detecting the local velocity within the pipe. The fluid velocity is combined with other parameters to calculate the average pipe velocity and volumetric flow rate.
Cox Precision metering products by Badger Meter provide flow measurement solutions for the test and measurement market and precision industrial applications.
The EC900 offers unsurpassed accuracy, reliability and flexibility
under the most demanding on-line operating conditions. Systech Illinois has long been recognised worldwide as a leader in oxygen analysis. Utilising a variety of specially engineered electrochemical fuel cells, the EC900 Oxygen Analysers are designed to monitor oxygen within most industrial gases and atmospheres.
Similar to 40 CFR 98 Tier 4 Greenhouse Gas Reporting with Stack Emissions Flow Meter (20)
Aplication of on line data analytics to a continuous process polybetene unitEmerson Exchange
This Emerson Exchange, 2013 presentation summarizes the 2013 field trail results achieved by applying on-line continuous data analytics to Lubrizol’s continuous polybutene process. Continuous data analytics may be used to provide an on-line prediction of quality parameters, and enable on-line detection of fault conditions. Information is provided on improvements made in the model used for quality parameter prediction, and how the field trail platform was integrated into the process unit. Presenters Qiwei Li, production engineer, Efren Hernandez and Robert Wojewodka, Lubrizol Corp., and Terry Blevins, principal technologist at Emerson, won best in conference in the process optimization track for this presentation.
Utilizing DeltaV Advanced Control Innovations to Improve Control PerformanceEmerson Exchange
Many functions of the DeltaV system are unique in the process industry. In this presentation we explore and discuss innovative features of the DeltaV PID and embedded Advanced Control products that can be applied to improve control performance. In particular, PID options are addressed that enhance cascade and override applications and allow effective single loop control using a sampled or wireless measurement. Application examples are used to illustrate how MPC can be easily added and commissioned online with no changes in the existing control strategy. Also, continuous data analytics is used an example that illustrates how future tools will enable improvements to be made in plant operations.
This Emerson Exchange, 2013 workshop presentation addresses the online training available through Emerson Process educational services. Effective, consistent, easy to access on-line courses have been developed to address customer training requirements. An education portal is available on-line with 24x7 access to a variety of online courses that include comprehensive exams and workshops. Information will be provided on this new online learning portal and online course library. The “new” online Control Loop Foundation course is used to demonstrate this on-line learning capability and how students learn and get gain hands on experience with single loop and multi-loop control techniques.
The DeltaV PIDPlus is based on a modification of the PID reset and rate calculation to account for non-periodic measurement updates. An alternate approach is to use PID with a modified Kalman filter or modified Smith Predictor. Test results are presented that compare the PIDPlus to these alternate approaches.
In this presentation we address the implementation of a scalar Kalman Filter for use in closed loop control of industrial process that is characterized by one manipulated input and one controlled parameter. A DeltaV linked composite is described that allows Kalman filtering to be used with the PID block in closed loop control. Also, information is provided on a DeltaV module that may be used to get more familiar with the Kalman filter in a test environment. The Kalman Filter composite and test module may be accessed through application exchange at the DeltaV Interactive Portal
Application of online data analytics to a continuous process polybutene unitEmerson Exchange
Continuous data analytics may be used to provide an on-line prediction of quality parameters and enable on-line detection of fault conditions. In this workshop, we present the results achieved in extending Lubrizol’s past work with on-line batch analytics to a continuous polybutene process. Information will be presented on how data analytics may be used to improve multiple quality and operational variables. The presentation will include a demonstration of the web interface used in the field trial and a summary of the operational benefits gained during the trial.
Addressing control applications using wireless hart devicesEmerson Exchange
Many WirelessHART transmitter applications require that the measurement valve be used in closed loop Control. The PIDPlus capability introduced in DeltaV v11.3 enables robust control using WirelessHART measurements. A PIDPlus enhancement in DeltaV v12.3 further improves the response for setpoint changes. Details of the PIDPlus and field results using WirelessHART transmitters and PIDPlus are presented in the workshop.
Advanced control foundation tools and techniquesEmerson Exchange
A new book on advanced control fundamental will be published by ISA in September, 2012. This book addresses all the advanced control products that are included in the DeltaV control system or are planned for a future DeltaV release. In this session two of the authors present and discuss key areas addressed in the book and demonstrate web site that accompanies the book.
The semantic web an inside look at the creation of control loop foundationEmerson Exchange
The book Control Loop Foundation and its companion website controlloopfoundation.com have been widely used. One of the reasons for this was the team’s decision to allow access to study materials and labs from a wide-variety of PCs and Tablets. Doing this required putting a web interface on top of DeltaV, supporting multiple browsers, and providing access to continuous and historical data from web pages. Details on the web site design and construction are addressed in this workshop.
Presentation give by Terry Blevins at the IFAC PID'12 conference in Brescia, Italy on March 28th, 2012. Presentation based on paper by Willy Wojsznis, Terry Blevins, John Caldwell, and Mark Nixon
A Quick and Easy Way to Connect to FOUNDATION fieldbus using Emerson’s USB Fi...Emerson Exchange
Presented by Emerson's Alan Dewey at the 2011 Emerson Exchange in Nashville, TN USA.
Abstract: Emerson has recently introduced a quick and easy way for users to connect directly to a FOUNDATION fieldbus segment with their portable laptop or notebook computer. Using Emerson's newly available USB Fieldbus Interface, users can easily connect their laptop or PC to a fieldbus network either in the field or on the bench. This enables users to experience the benefits of applications such as AMS Device Manager without having to use the control system. This workshop will highlight the capabilities of this useful new device and provide a live demonstration of how it can be used.
Calibration Excellence: Intelligent Application of Smart Technology is Just t...Emerson Exchange
Presented by GSK's Don Brady and Emerson's Richard Barnes at the 2011 Emerson Exchange conference in Nashville, TN USA.
Abstract: The project for an innovative integrated PlantWeb asset and calibration management solution went live in Nov 2010 at GSK’s Cork facility, a primary API production plant. This workshop presents GSK’s Calibration Excellence program and the significant improvements in business operations and management of regulatory compliance that it is delivering in support of GSK’ s world class manufacturing program. This system forms part of the GSK global engineering strategy.
The author has received the GSK Excellence Recognition Award in acknowledgement of the importance and success of this project.
Presented by Emerson's Michael Pearson and Roy Gueldenzoph at the 2011 Emerson Exchange in Nashville, TN USA.
Abstract: Many measurement challenges exist when monitoring high temperature assets such as Arc Furnaces, including high temperature, moving platforms, and high EMI. Northstar Bluescope Steel had all of these problems and more. They used these points for control, and their only solution was shutting the furnace down and replacing the wires often. By implementing an Emerson Smart Wireless technology, the customer was able to reduce or eliminate all of these measurement challenges, resulting in greatly reduced maintenance costs, and additional throughput.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
40 CFR 98 Tier 4 Greenhouse Gas Reporting with Stack Emissions Flow Meter
1. 40 CFR 98 Tier 4 Greenhouse Gas Reporting with Stack Emissions Flow Meter Brian Fieser, DP Flow Director of Operations Joel Lemke, DP Flow Marketing Manager Emerson Process Management Rosemount Measurement Division
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3. Purpose of the GHG MRR Rule U.S. GHG Emissions (CO2e) by Economic Sector (2007) Source: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html
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5. Example Emissions Calculation* *Rule contains standard estimates for amounts of GHG produced for each fuel burned; 1 metric ton = 1000 kg Greenhouse Gas Annual emissions (metric tons) Global Warming Potential Emissions total (CO 2 e) CO 2 100,000 1 100,000 CH 4 1000 21 21,000 N 2 O 100 310 31,000 Total Annual Emissions (metric tons CO 2 e) 152,000
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7. Does it apply to me? Source: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html Refineries/Petrochem Aluminum Ammonia Refrigerants Iron/Steel Glass Hydrogen Pulp & Paper Boilers/Process Heaters Combustion Turbines Stationary Engines Incinerators
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9. When to use each “Reporting Tier” Reporting Tier Conditions of use: How to Use Notes 1 Any fuel in Table C-1 (including biomass) Unit < 250 mmBtu/hr HHV NOT routinely sampled or supplied “ Company records” for fuel use Default HHV & EF from Table C-1 Also for MSW units of any size not making steam and not required to use Tier 4 2 Any fuel in Table C-1 (including biomass) Unit < 250 mmBtu/hr Unit > 250 mmBtu/hr burning pipeline NG or distillate fuel oil “ Company records” for fuel use Supplied or sampled HHV & default EF from Table C-1 Also for MSW units of any size making steam and not required to use Tier 4 3 May be used for any size unit & any fuel Required for units > 250 mmBtu/hr unless Tier 2 applies Required for fuels not in Table C-1 Direct fuel flow meters 4 Existing CEMS system Combine hourly CO2 concentration readings w/ stack volumetric flow meter O2 monitor may substitute for CO2 monitor
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14. How It Works T-Shape Design Features Location of Low pressure sensing ports maximizes DP Signal
29. Limits Solution Low Flow Max Flow Accuracy Cost Stack Annubar, Full-span Best High Best $$$ Stack Annubar, Partial-span Better Low Medium $$ S-Type Pitot Good High Lowest $
30. Limits Solution Low Flow Max Flow Accuracy Cost Stack Annubar, Full-span Best High Best $$ Stack Annubar, Partial-span Better Low Least $ Severe Service Annubar Good High Medium $$$
In the language of the EPA, this new rule is designed to “inform future climate change policies & programs”, which many believe means it is a 1 st required step before a “Cap & Trade” system could be enacted. This new rule is NOT Cap & Trade, although it is easy to confuse the two. As of late November 2009, Cap & Trade has not been considered by the U.S. Congress, although it is planned for consideration in 2010. This new rule, 40 CFR 98, requires only reporting & not control of GHG’s. Future legislation may build on this, as is implied by the EPA’s reason for putting forth this new rule.
There are 6 main gases that must be reported and they are the “Kyoto 6”, outlined in the Kyoto protocol. The first 3 are mainly the GHG’s produced as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels or other organic fuels. The remaining 3 classes are mainly refrigerants. Virtually every major process manufacturing facility in the country will have to report on the first 3 while only a few companies who manufacture refrigerants need to report on the so-called “Fluorinated gases”. Each chemical is converted to “CO2 equivalents”, also written CO2e, by multiplying its emissions by its “Global Warming Potential”. CH4 (methane), for example, has 21 times as much heat-trapping ability in the atmosphere as does CO2, so each metric ton of CH4 is equivalent to 21 metric tons of CO2 in the atmosphere. The emissions of every reported chemical must be similarly multiplied by its GWP to arrive at a correct value of CO2e emitted by a given facility or process unit.
Here’s an example of the preceding, showing how each GHG is multiplied by its GWP to arrive at total CO2e. If annual CO2e emissions exceed 25,000 metric tons, then a facility is subject to this new rule.
Each company must determine if it meets the criteria requiring it to report. The EPA refers to industrial and commercial sites as “source categories”. Some, like Refineries, are considered “all-in” and must report regardless of size or total emissions. Others have to determine if their emissions exceed the 25,000 metric tons per year of CO2 equivalents. Any typical process industry site with boilers, etc., very likely needs to report. If you need to report you’ll report emissions for any fuels for emissions calculations methods are shown in the rule.
This flow chart, again published by EPA, very succinctly summarizes who must report under the rule. A large number of industrial sites will have to ask the question “Do we emit more than 25,000 metric tons of CO2e per year?”. (for reference, a metric ton is 1000 kilograms). The next slide shows a “back of the envelope” calculation showing that NEARLY ALL customers of Emerson Process Management who operate chemical processes will have to report.
“ MSW” stands for Municipal Solid Waste facilities Note: Tiers 1 & 2 allow “company records” in lieu of actual flow measurements Tier 3 requires metering Tier 4 requires continued use of an existing CEMS system
The 485 has the same design advantage of the Diamond II+ but the 485 has a larger pressure pocket in the front.
We have an offering for Tier 4 requirements: the Stack Annubar.