Here we have described what photosynthesis is. We have gone through different phases of photosynthesis as well as different cycles of photosynthesis used by different plants

4. The chemical process through which plants and
other organisms produce carbohydrates with help
chlorophyll and sunlight and releases oxygen as a
by product

5. 6CO2+12 C6H12O6+6O2+6

6. What needs for Photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide Water Light
Chlorophyll

7. Plants takes carbon dioxide using stomata. Sometimes they
intake using lenticel and cuticle and eventually pass to
chlorophyll of mesophyll cells

8. They take water from soil using roots and pass to each
cell

9. Lights are made of photon, which are individual
packets of electromagnetic energy travelling in
waves

10. Pigments are a class of molecule that absorbs photons
with particular wavelengths

11. Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids
Xanthophylls Anthocyanin Phycobilins

12. They absorb some colors and reflect other. We see the reflected ones

13. Light Dependent
phase
Light Independent
phase

15. Needs
sunlight
Produces NADPHTakes place inside
thylakoid membrane

16. Produces Oxygen
Produces ATP

17. Photosystems(Reaction centers)gets boost of
photon energy from light harvesting cluster and
loses electron.
Electron moves through electron transport chain

18. The freed electron are used in formation of NADPH
from NADH+

20. a. Ps-II (p680) gets photon energy
from light harvesting cluster and
loses electron.
b. Electrons move through ETC and
loses energy with each transfer and
end up in Ps-I (p700)

21. c. Ps-I (p700) gets photon energy from light harvesting cluster and loses e-. The
freed e- along with H2 are used to form NADPH from NADH+
d. ETC H+
Thylakoid compartment
e.H2O H+ +O2+ e- H+ concentration and electron gradient across
the membrane are tapped for ATP formation

22. Electrons lost from Ps-I are replaced from Ps-II .
Electrons lost from Ps-II are replaced by Water
Finally:
Both ATP and
NADPH forms

23. a. Ps-I gets a boost of photon energy from a light
harvesting cluster and loses one e-
b. The electron passes from one molecule to other in ETC
that is embedded in thylakoid membrane In each transfer
it loses energy and ends up being reused by Ps-I

24. H+ Thylakoid membrane
Electrons ferry H+
Electrochemical gradient
ADP + Pi= ATP
ATP synthase
Finally, Only ATP forms
But no NADPH

26. 4H2O+2ADP+2Pi+2NADP
Light
Chlorophyll
2H2O+2ATP+2O2+2NADPH2

28. No sunlight is needed Carbon fixation Uses ATP and NADPH

29. The process of securing carbon
from the environment by
incorporating it in a stable organic
compound is called carbon fixation

31. CO2 gets into leaf and attach to Ribulose
Bisphosphate (RuBP) ,a 5 carbon compound
using Rubisco enzyme
Turns into 6 carbon compound

32. 6C
3C Phosphoglycerate
(PGA)
3C Phosphoglycerate
(PGA)

33. 3C Phosphoglycerate
(PGA)
NADPH2
ATP ADP NADP
Phosphoglyceraldehyde
(PGAL)Pi E-

34. 10 PGAL
12 PGAL
2 PGAL
1 Pi
Glucose
Goes Back to cycle

35. Glucose
10 PGAL
Sucrose, Starch, Cellulose
Pi
ATP ADP
RuBP

36. Fix Carbon twice
no matter how
much O2
Oxaloacetate,4 Carbon
compound is the first stable
form
Delivers CO2 to
bundle sheath
cells where it
enters C3 pathway

37. Paddy Maize Pineapple

38. Open stomata in night and fix carbon
by repeated turns of C4 cycle
Runs C3 cycle in the next day

39. Factors of photosynthesis
Light CO2 Temperature Water
O2Minerals