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Syngas routes to alternative fuels - John Bogild Hansen
- 1. Syngas Routes to Alternative Fuels from Renewable Sources John Bøgild Hansen - Haldor Topsøe Alkmaar, October 2, 2014
- 2. We have been committed to catalytic process technology for more than 70 years ¡ Founded in 1940 by Dr. Haldor Topsøe ¡ Revenue: 700 million Euros ¡ 2700 employees ¡ Headquarters in Denmark ¡ Catalyst manufacture in Denmark and the US
- 3. Gasification process Raw materials for gasification Biomass Coal Natural gas etc. Products Methanol Hydrogen Ammonia Power Building blocks Synthesis gas CO, H2, CO2, CH4 SNG etc. Tar removal
- 4. Tar reforming – Enabling technology for biomass gasification ¡ Gasification of biomass results in a syngas that contains tars and contaminants – 1000 -2500 ppm tar – 50 – 100 ppm S, particulates – 850-930°C, 1-30 bar g – Ammonia decomposition BIOMASS GASIFIER ASH TAR REFORMER
- 5. Topsoe Tar Reforming in Skive ¡ Topsoe monolithic tar reforming catalyst was started up late August 09 ¡ Low ammonia slip ¡ Low methane exit ¡ Low dP
- 6. “Dusty” tar reforming PROCESSING & UTILIZATION TAR REFOR MER BIOMASS -FEED GASI FIER ASH “Dusty” tar reforming 10-30 g dust / Nm3 HOT GAS FILTER
- 7. Skive Fjernvarme a.m.b.a. (Skive CHP) Location Skive, Denmark Capacity 21 MWth, Max 28 MWth Operational year 2009 Fuel consumption 100 TPD Fuel Biomass, wood pellets Gasification techn. Air blown, bubbling fluidized bed Pressure range 1 – 3 bar g Power generation Gas engines
- 8. Skive Fjernvarme a.m.b.a. (Skive CHP)
- 9. “Clean” tar reforming QUENCH GAS “Clean” tar reforming PROCESSING & UTILIZATION HIGH TEMPERATURE HOT GAS FILTER TAR REFOR MER BIOMASS -FEED ASH DUST 1 -10 mg dust / Nm3 GASI FIER Nickel-based
- 10. Gas Technology Institute, Chicago Location Chicago, USA Capacity ~ 4 MWth Fuel consumption 18 TPD Fuel Biomass, wood pellets Gasification techn. Oxygen blown, bubbling fluidized bed Pressure range 1-9 bar g
- 11. Gas Technology Institute, Chicago ¡ Tar reformer ~ 1150 run hrs ¡ No soot formation ¡ 15 min. lack of oxygen – No deactivation! 750 – 950 °C 1050 – 1375 Nm3/h 30 – 160 ppmv H2S Full tar conversion
- 12. DME the versatile fuel TIGAS
- 13. Syngas to MeOH/DME Equilibrium 100 Conversion (H2+CO) Pressure (bar g) 80 60 40 20 0 MeOH / DME MeOH 0 20 40 60 80 100 100% 80% 60% 40% DME MeOH 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 H2/CO 0% Equilibrium, mol% 20% H2 CO CO2 H2O T = 250°C H2 = 51 CO = 48 CO2 = 1 Optimum ratio at H2:CO ≈ 1
- 14. Methanol from sustainable sources BioDME Black Liqour to Green DME Demo Black Liq. CO2 AGR DME Water WGS Sulphur Guard MeOH Synthesis Unit
- 15. Topsøe Integrated Gasoline Synthesis Methanol Synthesis C3-C4 Gasoline Water MTG TIGAS Methanol To Gasoline MeOH↔DME Gasoline Synthesis Separation Day Tank (Raw Methanol) Synthesis Gas MeOH/DME Synthesis
- 16. 25 bbl/d Demonstration Plant Green Gasoline from Wood Using Carbona Gasification and Topsoe TIGAS Processes OXYGEN Cleaning OXYGEN BIOMASS GASIFIER ASH TAR REFORMER TAR REFORMER BIOMASS GASIFIER MeOH /DME MeOH/DME Gasoline / N2 Gas http://www.energy.gov/news2009/releases.htm
- 17. Fuel Cell and Electrolyser SOFC SOEC H2O H2 H2 H2O ½O2 H2O + 2e- → H2 + O2- ½O2 O2- O2- → 2e- +½O2 H2 + O2- → H2O + 2e- O2- ½O2 + 2e- → O2- SOFC SOEC H2 + CO + O2 H2O + CO2 + electric energy (ΔG) + heat (TΔS)
- 18. SOEC more efficient than present Electrolysers Internal waste heat used to split water 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Energy needed to evaporate water Waste heat which can be utilised to split water 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Deg C. kWh per Nm3 H2 Minimum Electricity Input
- 19. Electrolysis CO H2 CO2 Power Steam CO2 Hydrogen SNG Methanol DME Gasoline Diesel Syngas
- 21. Mass Flows in Wood to MeOH
- 22. Mass Flows in Wood + SOEC to MeOH
- 23. Effciencies: Stand alone wood gasifier and gasifier plus SOEC LHV Efficiency % Wood Gasifier alone Wood gasifier Plus SOEC Methanol 59.2 70.8 District Heat 22.6 10.8 Total 81.8 81.6
- 24. Synergy between SOEC and fuel synthesis SOEC Synthesis CO2 H2O Syn Gas Product Steam
- 25. Using the gas system as a key integrator Biogas in the future integrated energy system
- 26. 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Wind scenario Wind Sun Wave Heat (sun, geo. and heat pump) Biomass and waste (incl. slurry) PJ per year Used today (2008) Potential 2050 (recommendation) 26 Domestic renewable resources to reach 100 per cent renewable energy by 2050 Danish Commission on Climate Change Policy, 2010 Fluctuating power production Gross energy consumption 2008 Gross energy consumption 2050 Energinet.dk analysed high wind scenario Source: 2012-04-23 Renewable gases as a flexibility provider for the power grid
- 27. Conclusions ¡ Dusty tar reforming is now commercially proven ¡ Clean tar reforming has been demonstrated in connection with succesful meOH/DME and gasoline synthesis at 25 bbl/day ¡ Sustained black liquor to DME has been proven at 4 MTPD scale and truck operation as well ¡ Coupling SOEC with biomass gasification can double the biomass potential by converting excess carbon.