Gasification of solid refuse fuel in a fixed bed reactorMd Tanvir Alam
The global energy demand is increasing rapidly with increasing human population, urbanization and modernization [1]. The world heavily relies on fossil fuel to meet its energy demand; in order to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, diversify the use of new and alternative fuels and to secure energy production routes, energy production from waste is inevitable [2]. Solid refuse fuel (SRF) is a well-known alternative fuel produced from the combustibles in MSW [3]. In this study an effort was endeavored to gasify SRF in a fixed bed reactor at various equivalence ratio (ER) to find out the optimum condition.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN FUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEijsrd.com
In the history of internal combustion engine development, hydrogen has been considered at several phases as a substitute of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Starting from the 70’s, there have been several attempts to convert engines for hydrogen operation. Together with the development in gas injector technology it has become possible to control precisely the injection of hydrogen for safe operation. Here we are using stainless steel plate as electrode in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte being water and NACL salt. The electrolytic cell we used is a 12V battery case made of plastic. The cross sectional layers are cut such that the stainless steel plate fix in the battery case. The plates are separated by very small distance and the plates are given parallel holes for electron flow to be uniform. The power source to the kit is provided by a 12V and 9Ams battery. We used a transparent tube to supply the hydrogen produced in the kit to the air hose tube of our motor cycle. In order to keep the battery charged we used two 6 Amp diode to power the battery while running. There is a separate switch to power the kit and to protect the battery from getting drained. The stainless steel plates are of 50cm length, 25cm height, 2 millimeter thickness. The battery case can hold up to 5 liters of electrolyte. The use of hydrogen with petrol to power the vehicle has resulted in increase in vehicle mileage, accelerating speed with most important task of reduction in exhaust emission.
Gasification of solid refuse fuel in a fixed bed reactorMd Tanvir Alam
The global energy demand is increasing rapidly with increasing human population, urbanization and modernization [1]. The world heavily relies on fossil fuel to meet its energy demand; in order to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, diversify the use of new and alternative fuels and to secure energy production routes, energy production from waste is inevitable [2]. Solid refuse fuel (SRF) is a well-known alternative fuel produced from the combustibles in MSW [3]. In this study an effort was endeavored to gasify SRF in a fixed bed reactor at various equivalence ratio (ER) to find out the optimum condition.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN FUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEijsrd.com
In the history of internal combustion engine development, hydrogen has been considered at several phases as a substitute of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Starting from the 70’s, there have been several attempts to convert engines for hydrogen operation. Together with the development in gas injector technology it has become possible to control precisely the injection of hydrogen for safe operation. Here we are using stainless steel plate as electrode in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte being water and NACL salt. The electrolytic cell we used is a 12V battery case made of plastic. The cross sectional layers are cut such that the stainless steel plate fix in the battery case. The plates are separated by very small distance and the plates are given parallel holes for electron flow to be uniform. The power source to the kit is provided by a 12V and 9Ams battery. We used a transparent tube to supply the hydrogen produced in the kit to the air hose tube of our motor cycle. In order to keep the battery charged we used two 6 Amp diode to power the battery while running. There is a separate switch to power the kit and to protect the battery from getting drained. The stainless steel plates are of 50cm length, 25cm height, 2 millimeter thickness. The battery case can hold up to 5 liters of electrolyte. The use of hydrogen with petrol to power the vehicle has resulted in increase in vehicle mileage, accelerating speed with most important task of reduction in exhaust emission.
Effect of HHO Gas as Fuel Additive on the Exhaust Emissions of Internal Combu...IJASRD Journal
The use of carbon-base fuels by diesel engines release gases such as CO, NOx, SO2, and THCs which constitute a major source of environmental pollution. These gases when released into the atmosphere result in the formation of acid rain and cause greenhouse effect. In the present study, an experiment was carried out with and without the use of HHO gas. The concentrations of the emitted gases were measured using an E8500 Plus gas analyzer. The results showed that the average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburnt hydrocarbons (THCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from the combustion chamber of the test engine was decreased by 68.8%, 35.2%, 16.4% and 97.9% respectively when a mixture of HHO gas/petrol/air was used instead of petrol/air mixture in an internal combustion engine. However, the average concentration of oxygen (O2) gas increased by 1.7%.
sufficient method of hydrogen production by water gas shift reactions MUKULsethi5
today energy production in big race, because population and technology increasing rate is very fast,
we discussed hydrogen as good energy source and some synthesis method of hydrogen gas and major focus on water gas shift reaction
#water, #watergasshiftreaction,
#energy
#nanoparticle
#property_of_nanopartical
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF COMBUSTION BEHAVIOUR IN DIESEL EN...Khatir NAIMA
The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the usability of waste polyethylene oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The novel fuel is obtained by a pyrolysis process of waste polyethylene at 973 K. The obtained oil is tested in a single cylinder air cooled (TS1) direct injection diesel engine at 1500 rpm. Engine performances and exhaust pollutant emissions from Waste Polyethylene Oil (WPO) were analysed and compared to those obtained from the same engine fuelled with conventional diesel fuel. Results showed that the total fuel consumption of WPO is lower than that of neat diesel fuel due to the higher heating value of WPO. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) is improved for WPO especially at low load. The exhaust gas temperature is lower for WPO than that of diesel at low and full load. CO and UHC are found lower, while NOx emissions are higher at high loads. Furthermore, the use of numerical investigation permits to optimize the injection parameters, which can help to take advantages of WPO fuel. The simulation results suggest advancing the injection timing.
Co gasification of coal and biomass – thermodynamic and experimental studyeSAT Journals
Abstract Cogasification of coal and biomass is a new area of research. Cogasification offers several advantages than individual feed gasification. A thermodynamic analysis of lignite coal and rice husk cogasification using only steam was studied by using HSC chemistry software in this paper involving the effect of temperature 500-1200°C and GaCR ratio(1-3) on the product gas composition. The study also focused on calculation of thermoneutral conditions and hundred percent carbon conversion temperature in cogasification of lignite coal and rice husk. Experimental study of co gasification of rice husk and coal was also done at fixed steam to carbon ratio. The experimental study was found to be more kinetically controlled.
Keyword: cogasification, rice husk, lignite coal, HSC chemistry software, fixed bed.
Spectroscopic Properties of Ho3+ Doped Zinc Lithium Bismuth Borate Glassesinventionjournals
Zinc lithium bismuth borate glasses containing Ho3+ in (25- x): Bi2O3:20Li2O:20ZnO: 35B2O3:xHo2O3 (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Optical absorption spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. The experimental oscillator strengths were calculated from the area under the absorption bands. Slater-Condon parameter F2, Lande’s parameter ξ4f, Nephlauxetic ratio (β’) and Bonding parameter (b ½ ) have been computed. Using these parameters energies and intensities of these bands has been calculated. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross– section of various emission lines have been evaluated.
Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants - AMPGas, Enzo Mangano, University of Edinburgh - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
PROCESS FLOW AND ANALYSIS OF CCS PLANT INSTALLED AT RGPV BHOPAL RUN BY BIOMAS...IAEME Publication
Carbon capture and sequestration/storage (CCS) is a potential carbon dioxide emission mitigation technology for coal-based power plants. In order to achieve the global target of carbon dioxide mitigation, this paper introduces a novel approach and performance based analysis of a pilot plant installed at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (India). The evaluation was performed on the basis of data collection from a trial run of 1000 hours.
Effect of HHO Gas as Fuel Additive on the Exhaust Emissions of Internal Combu...IJASRD Journal
The use of carbon-base fuels by diesel engines release gases such as CO, NOx, SO2, and THCs which constitute a major source of environmental pollution. These gases when released into the atmosphere result in the formation of acid rain and cause greenhouse effect. In the present study, an experiment was carried out with and without the use of HHO gas. The concentrations of the emitted gases were measured using an E8500 Plus gas analyzer. The results showed that the average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburnt hydrocarbons (THCs), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from the combustion chamber of the test engine was decreased by 68.8%, 35.2%, 16.4% and 97.9% respectively when a mixture of HHO gas/petrol/air was used instead of petrol/air mixture in an internal combustion engine. However, the average concentration of oxygen (O2) gas increased by 1.7%.
sufficient method of hydrogen production by water gas shift reactions MUKULsethi5
today energy production in big race, because population and technology increasing rate is very fast,
we discussed hydrogen as good energy source and some synthesis method of hydrogen gas and major focus on water gas shift reaction
#water, #watergasshiftreaction,
#energy
#nanoparticle
#property_of_nanopartical
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF COMBUSTION BEHAVIOUR IN DIESEL EN...Khatir NAIMA
The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the usability of waste polyethylene oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The novel fuel is obtained by a pyrolysis process of waste polyethylene at 973 K. The obtained oil is tested in a single cylinder air cooled (TS1) direct injection diesel engine at 1500 rpm. Engine performances and exhaust pollutant emissions from Waste Polyethylene Oil (WPO) were analysed and compared to those obtained from the same engine fuelled with conventional diesel fuel. Results showed that the total fuel consumption of WPO is lower than that of neat diesel fuel due to the higher heating value of WPO. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) is improved for WPO especially at low load. The exhaust gas temperature is lower for WPO than that of diesel at low and full load. CO and UHC are found lower, while NOx emissions are higher at high loads. Furthermore, the use of numerical investigation permits to optimize the injection parameters, which can help to take advantages of WPO fuel. The simulation results suggest advancing the injection timing.
Co gasification of coal and biomass – thermodynamic and experimental studyeSAT Journals
Abstract Cogasification of coal and biomass is a new area of research. Cogasification offers several advantages than individual feed gasification. A thermodynamic analysis of lignite coal and rice husk cogasification using only steam was studied by using HSC chemistry software in this paper involving the effect of temperature 500-1200°C and GaCR ratio(1-3) on the product gas composition. The study also focused on calculation of thermoneutral conditions and hundred percent carbon conversion temperature in cogasification of lignite coal and rice husk. Experimental study of co gasification of rice husk and coal was also done at fixed steam to carbon ratio. The experimental study was found to be more kinetically controlled.
Keyword: cogasification, rice husk, lignite coal, HSC chemistry software, fixed bed.
Spectroscopic Properties of Ho3+ Doped Zinc Lithium Bismuth Borate Glassesinventionjournals
Zinc lithium bismuth borate glasses containing Ho3+ in (25- x): Bi2O3:20Li2O:20ZnO: 35B2O3:xHo2O3 (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Optical absorption spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. The experimental oscillator strengths were calculated from the area under the absorption bands. Slater-Condon parameter F2, Lande’s parameter ξ4f, Nephlauxetic ratio (β’) and Bonding parameter (b ½ ) have been computed. Using these parameters energies and intensities of these bands has been calculated. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross– section of various emission lines have been evaluated.
Adsorption Materials and Processes for Carbon Capture from Gas-Fired Power Plants - AMPGas, Enzo Mangano, University of Edinburgh - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
How Can CCU Provide a Net Benefit? - presentation by Peter Styring in the Emissions through the CCS Lifecycle session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
PROCESS FLOW AND ANALYSIS OF CCS PLANT INSTALLED AT RGPV BHOPAL RUN BY BIOMAS...IAEME Publication
Carbon capture and sequestration/storage (CCS) is a potential carbon dioxide emission mitigation technology for coal-based power plants. In order to achieve the global target of carbon dioxide mitigation, this paper introduces a novel approach and performance based analysis of a pilot plant installed at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (India). The evaluation was performed on the basis of data collection from a trial run of 1000 hours.
Prediction of recovery energy from ultimate analysis of waste generation in ...IJECEIAES
Refuse derived fuel (RDF) is an environmentally friendly renewable fuel developed to reduce waste generation. RDF can consist of various kinds of waste such as paper and gardens. One of the critical parameters is the chemical element and calorific value. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for waste reduction and the relationship of ultimate longevity in RDF to the calorific value. This study's paper and garden waste mixture were P0 (100% paper), P25 (75% paper and 25% garden), P50 (50% paper and 50% garden), P75 (25% paper and 75% garden), and P100 (100% garden). The calorific value of the mixture can reach 3.6-5.2 kWh/kg. Simultaneously the relationship of ultimate elements nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and ash affects the heating value of RDF. Sampling the application in Depok City can reduce waste by 6.67%, with the potential for electrical energy from paper and garden wastes of 358,903.8 kWh and 48,681 kWh, respectively. This shows that this energy waste can supply 0.1% of the total daily electricity demand in Depok City.
Biomass is considered as a potential source of energy production.Gasification can be employed to convert
dilute biomass energy source in to gaseous products holding concentrated form of energy. A steady state model for fluidized
bed biomass gasifier is developed based on reaction kinetics and hydrodynamic aspects of fluidization. The presence of
sorbent for absorption of carbon dioxide from the product gas is also incorporated in the model.The developed model
predicts the variation of syngas composition, temperature, pressure and velocity along the height of gasifier. Experiments
were carried out in a lab scale fluidized bed biomass gasifier and the results were used to validate the model.An increase of
50.35% in H2 mole fraction and a decrease of 50.88 % in CO2 mole fraction were observed when CaO was used as the
sorbent.
Spotlight on Analytical Applications e-Zine – Volume 14PerkinElmer, Inc.
Spotlight on Applications is a quarterly compendium of recent applications, delivering a variety of topics that address the pressing issues and analytical challenges you may face today. Our e-zine covers a broad range of applications within various industries – all accessible online at your convenience.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
My academic/industry life and interests in one slideEnoch Dames
This extremely succinct slide illustrates my research interests and plans, as well as my academic/industry timeline. Let me know what you think and feel free to email with with specific questions.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
High Quality Methane Production through biomass gasification
1. Master Thesis Presentation
School of Sustainable Development of
Society and Technology
Master Program: Quality in Process Technology
Course: Methods in Quality in Process Technology
Examiners: Sven Hamp, Lena Johansson Westholm
Supervisor: Prof. Erik Dahlquist
Spring, 2011
2. High Quality Methane Production
through biomass gasification.
By
Muhammad Nauman Yousaf
3. Background
• World Energy demand is on rise like always.
• Fossil fuels are the main contributors in
meeting these demands as more than 85% of
energy needs are fulfilled by crude oil, Natural
gas and Coal.
• Alternative energy resources (e.g. Wind, Solar,
Wave power etc.) have been explored but still
cannot present for such a large extent.
4. Graph 1, World fuel consumption by fuel type from BP Statistical Review of World Energy
June, 2010.
5. Biomass as an Alternative
• Worldwide biomass ranks fourth as an energy
resource, providing approximately 14% of the
world’s energy needs; biomass is the most
important source of energy in developing
nations, providing; up to 35% of their energy
[Ayhan Demirbas et al.].
6. Biomass gasification in Sweden
• The Swedish Energy Agency
(Energimyndigheten) has among other
decided to financially support the building of a
pilot plant for the gasification of biomass to
green energy gas with a new technology called
WoodRoll®.
7. Focus
• In this study, I have looked for the methane
production during biomass gasification.
• Reason behind such an aim is the
experimental data obtained by Dr. Erik
Dahlquist during his work on dry black liquor
gasification process with direct causticization
for paper and pulp industry.
8. Methodology
• I have performed chemical equilibrium calculations at
different operating conditions to see the effect of each
parameter on the gas composition. The main motive was to
produce high percentage of methane in the product gas out of
gasifier.
• I have used Aspentech’s Aspen Plus process simulator for
generating process simulations and then compiled the results
in an MS Excel sheet.
• Extensive literature review was done about modeling of
gasification in Aspen and also about biomass gasification in
general along with separation techniques that could be used
to separate methane from the main product stream.
11. Assumptions
• Process is steady state and isothermal.
• Biomass devolatilization takes place instantaneously
and volatile products mainly consist of H2, CO, CO2,
CH4, higher hydrocarbons and H2O.
• Char particles are spherical and of uniform size and
the average diameter remain constant during the
gasification, based on the shrinking core model.
• Char only contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
ash.
17. Effect of Pressure
Graph 4, The effect of temperature on the composition of the product gases at
0,21 steam to biomass ratio and constant temperature 1373 K.
18. Separation
At the moment only concise literature review
have been done about the gas separation
technologies that are available and suite our
purpose,
• Cryogenic
• Membrane Separation
• High-pressure Swing Adsorption Process
19. Conclusions
• From the results that we have obtained in the simulations and that of
experimental data from pilot and actual plants, we can defiantly say that the
methane production inside the gasifier at lower temperatures is quite possible and
should be purse.
• If we run the gasification process at higher temperatures as in the case of Cortus
WoodRoll gasifier, the amount of CO2 and CH4 will be considerably low and
production of low tar content syngas is possible.
• Steam is a better choice as an oxidizing medium as compared to O2 and Air due to
obvious effect of their use on the LHV and quality of the produced syngas.
• As in the case of Cortus WoodRoll gasifier, the possibility of running it at low
temperatures is not an option, we would have to cool down the gas in such a way
that the producer gas further react to give CH4 with or without the help of any
appropriate catalyst.
• As the pilot plant under construction at Köping, we will be able to get the
experimental data from that plant in future and can observes and solve the
technical difficulties that may come in the process.
• These results are also in agreement with the results obtained by other studies and
with study of Erik Dahlquist et al. on the black liquor gasification in a pilot plant
20. References
1. Ayhan Demirbas, Combustion characteristics of different biomass fuels, Elsevier Inc. (2010).
2. Aandre Faaij, Rene Van Ree, Lars Waldheim, Eva Olsson, Andre Oudhuis, Ad Van Wijk, Cees Daey-Ouwensll
and Wim Turkenburg, Gasification of biomass wastes and residues for electricity production, Elsevier Inc. (1997).
3. A. Gomez-Barea, B. Leckner, Modeling of biomass gasification in fluidized bed, Elsevier Inc. (2010).
4. BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2010
5. Chun-Yang Yin, Prediction of higher heating values of biomass from proximate and ultimate analyses, Elsevier Inc. (2010).
6. Dong Li, Sun-Tak Hwang, Preparation and characterization of silicon based inorganic membrane for gas separation ,
Journal of Membrane Science, Volume 59, Issue 3, 15 July 1991,Pages331-352.
7. Energy Information Administration/Short-Term Energy Outlook—March 2011.
8. Erik Dahlquist and Andrew Jones, Presentation of a dry black liquor gasification process with direct causticization,
Tappi Journal vol. 5: No. 5, June 2005.
9. J.W. Gibbs, “A Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances
by Means of Surfaces,” Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 2, Dec. 1873, pp. 382-404 (quotation on p. 400).
10. Jose Corella, Alvaro Sanz, Modeling circulating fluidized bed biomass gasifiers. A pseudo-rigorous model
for stationary state, Elsevier Inc. (2004).
11. Mehrdokht B.Nikoo & NaderMahinpey, Simulation of biomass gasification in fluidized bed reactor using ASPENPLUS, Elsevier Inc. (2008).
12. Narges Bagheri, JalalAbedi , Adsorption of methane on corn cobs based activated carbon by
Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW,Calgary, ABT2N1N4, Canada.
13. Reynolds WC. The element potentials method for chemical equilibrium analysis: implementation
in the interactive program STANJAN. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University; 1986.
14. S. Jarungthammachote, A. Dutta, Equilibrium modeling of gasification: Gibbs free energy minimization
approach and its application to spouted bed and spout-fluid bed gasifiers. Elsevier Inc. (2008).
15. Thomas Reed and Ray Desrosiers, The equivalence ratio: The key to understanding pyrolysis,
combustion and gasification of fuels. www.woodgas.com.
16. X.T. Lia, J.R. Gracea, C.J. Lim, A.P. Watkinson, H.P. Chen, J.R. Kim, Biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed, Elsevier Inc. (2003).
21. Acknowledgments
First of all I would like to thank my Lord Almighty
for giving me the strength to carry out this work.
Then, I would like to use this opportunity to
thank all those who have helped me and guided
me throughout this study. I would also like to
mention the names of some people especially:
Professor Dr. Erik Dahlquist, Dr. Hailong Li, Sven
Hamp, Lena Johansson Westholm, Rolf Ljunggren,
Marko Amovic.
Last but not least, My Family and Friends.
22. Thank you!!
If you need further information about the topic,
please feel free to contact me at my email
addresses;
• myf10002@student.mdh.se
• nauman.yousaf@live.com