Gaseous fuel PPT
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This document discusses different types of gaseous fuels such as natural gas, compressed natural gas (CNG), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Natural gas is mainly composed of methane and is found underground in gas and oil fields. It can be dry natural gas containing less than 15 gm/m3 of condensate or wet natural gas containing over 50 gm/m3 of condensate. CNG is natural gas compressed to less than 1% of its volume for use as an alternative vehicle fuel, while LPG is a mixture of propane and butane used for cooking and industrial heating. These gaseous fuels have various applications and properties discussed in the document.
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Gaseous fuels
Gaseous fuels can be obtained naturally from sources like natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, or manufactured through processes like gasification. Natural gas and LPG have high calorific values and are important natural gaseous fuels. Biogas and producer gas are examples of manufactured gaseous fuels, with biogas produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion and producer gas generated by passing air and steam over burning coal or coke. Gaseous fuels have lower energy content than liquid fuels but produce fewer greenhouse gases and provide air quality benefits. Common gaseous fuels include natural gas, LPG, CNG, biogas, and producer gas.
Liquid fuels presentation
Liquid fuels can be broadly classified into natural and manufactured fuels. Petroleum, obtained by drilling wells, is the largest source of natural liquid fuel and is refined to produce fuels like gasoline, diesel, kerosene and heavy fuel oil. Synthetic liquid fuels can be manufactured from coal, natural gas or biomass through processes like Fischer-Tropsch. Other liquid biofuels include biodiesel, produced from vegetable oils, and alcohol fuels like ethanol produced by fermenting biomass. Each fuel has different properties and characteristics making some more suitable for specific applications like diesel in compression ignition engines.
Fuel types
Fossil fuels like coal, crude oil, and natural gas are classified as primary or natural fuels that occur underground. They were formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals. Coal is a solid fossil fuel that was formed from plant matter during the Carboniferous period 300 million years ago. Crude oil is a liquid fossil fuel formed from decayed marine organisms and methane is a gas fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources that are being depleted through human usage.
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Download Link (Copy URL):
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The document discusses properties of hydrogen as a fuel including its production from fossil sources through steam reforming of methane and coke, as well as storage methods such as physical compression and liquification, chemical storage in metal hydrides, and adsorption on porous carbon materials. It notes challenges with compressed and liquified hydrogen storage related to tank size, weight, and energy requirements.
High speed diesel
Diesel fuel originated from experiments by Rudolf Diesel in the late 19th century. There are various types of diesel including petroleum-based, biodiesel, and synthetic diesel produced from biomass, natural gas, coal or other sources using Fischer–Tropsch process. Petroleum diesel is the most common type, produced from fractional distillation of crude oil between 200-350°C. High speed diesel is used in automotive applications while light diesel oil is used in stationary applications. Diesel properties are influenced by crude oil source and refining method.
CNG FUEL
what is CNG fuel and what are it's advantages, disadvantages, effects, solutions and how it is prepared?.how CNG is better than LNG and HCNG? How gases are more efficient and better than those petrols and diesels what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
Eco friendly fuels
This document discusses various eco-friendly fuels including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, biodiesel, electricity, and hydrogen. It provides details on what each fuel is, how it is produced, its environmental benefits compared to traditional fuels like petroleum, and current or potential uses. The fuels listed can have less environmental impact than traditional fossil fuels and some are produced from renewable sources.
LPG.PPT
The document provides information about an LPG plant located in Hazira, India. It includes:
- A process flow diagram showing the key units like the gas sweetening unit, fractionation columns, refrigeration system, and LPG storage.
- Descriptions of the main sections of the LPG plant including the HP gas section, liquid section, column section, LP gas and dryer regeneration, and refrigeration system.
- Design details like the feed and product capacities, gas and liquid streams processed, and features of the Hazira LPG plant related to gas drying, turbo expansion, refrigeration, and distillation columns.
CNG versus LPG as a fuel Report
CNG versus LPG as a Fuel
The document compares and contrasts compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as vehicle fuels. CNG produces fewer emissions than gasoline or LPG. It is safer than other fuels in the event of a spill, but causes more engine wear due to lack of lubrication. LPG produces more energy than CNG but requires specialized fuel systems. While LPG availability is greater, CNG has a more extensive pipeline distribution network. Both gases are used widely for transportation and cooking applications. The conclusion is that CNG represents a good alternative to gasoline and its use as a transportation fuel is expected to increase in the next 5-10 years.
Biomass gasification 1
This document discusses biomass gasification. It describes two main types of gasifiers - updraft and downdraft. Updraft gasifiers have fuel flowing downward and air/gas flowing upward, separating zones for drying, pyrolysis, combustion, and reduction. Downdraft gasifiers have fuel entering from the top and air/gas flowing downward, with pyrolysis above combustion which is above reduction. Biomass gasification converts biomass into a gaseous fuel through partial combustion and has advantages like utilizing waste and providing an alternative to fossil fuels while reducing emissions. However, it also has disadvantages like high capital costs and potential tar production.
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Gaseous fuel PPT
- 1. Gaseous Fuel Gaseous fuels are those which exist in gaseous state at room temperature. For Example :- Natural Gas, CNG, Petroleum gas etc.
- 2. Natural Gas It is a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons in which methane is the main constituent. It occurs in the gas field (Under the crust of earth) and also in association with petroleum in oil field.
- 3. Dry and Wet Natural Gas Natural gas containing less recoverable condensate (less than 15 gm/m3) is known as Dry natural gas. Whereas natural gas containing more than 50 gm/m3 recoverable condensate is known as Wet natural gas.
- 4. Composition and Properties Parameters Composition Volume Percentage Dry Natural Gas Wet Natural Gas CH4 96.91 % 77.22 % C2H6 1.33 % 11.18 % C3H8 0.19 % 5.83 % C4H10 0.05 % 2.34 % C5H12 0.02 % 1.18 % CO2 0.82 % 0.80 % N2 0.68 % 1.39 % Properties Dry Natural Gas Wet Natural Gas Gross Calorific Value 9000 KCal/Nm2 11200 KCal/Nm2 Specific Gravity 0.547 0.741
- 5. Uses of Natural Gases Enriching the gaseous fuels of low calorific value. Making water gas. Production of methyl chloride. Production of methyl alcohol. Gas turbine also use natural gas as a fuel.
- 6. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a fuel source that is made from compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its standard atmospheric volume. CNG can be used in place of gasoline or diesel in any vehicle.
- 7. Advantage of CNG It is a light weight gas with high ignition temperature and is no more dangerous than petrol. Ignition of Co and unburned Hydrocarbon is comparatively less in the exhaust. Its combustion is more regular and it rapidly disappears in the atmosphere at NTP.
- 8. Disadvantage of CNG CNG storage tank take up five times higher trunk space for comparable energy storage. Refueling station cost of CNG is very high. CNG driven vehicles have shorter operating range.
- 9. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) It is mainly a mixture of Propane and Butane used mainly as cooking gas in domestic oven as well as for industrial heating in furnace. LPG is prepared from wet natural gas and refinery gas. It is an highly volatile liquid which expands 247 times to its volume as vapour.
- 10. Water Gas It is the medium calorific value gas comprising mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. Water gas is made by passing steam over heated hydrocarbon. Specific gravity of water gas is 0.5-0.55 Calorific value is 2500-2800 KCal/Nm3
- 11. Carbureted Water Gas Water gas that has been enriched by hydrocarbon gas es of high calorific value. Calorific value is 10,000-13,000 KCal/Nm3
- 12. Thank you