Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing a substance's composition, and include viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density. These properties can be used to identify materials, determine which are best for specific uses, and separate mixtures through processes like filtration and distillation.

1. Physical Properties Any characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substances composition

2. Physical Properties Include Viscosity Conductivity Malleability Hardness Melting point Boiling point Density

3. Viscosity A measure of a liquids resistance to flow. (High viscosity = Thick)

4. Conductivity The ability of a material that allows heat or electricity to flow through it

5. Malleability The ability of a metal to bend and not break. (ability to be hammered)

6. Melting and boiling points Melting point is the temperature where a solid becomes a liquid (water=0 degrees C) Boiling point is the temperature where a liquid becomes a gas (water=100 degrees C)

7. Density Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. Density can be used to identify substances- The density of a pure substance always remains the same

8. Using Physical Properties Identifying materials Decide properties to test Compare results with known data Properties determine which materials are chosen for specific uses

9. Separating mixtures Filtration and Distillation Filtration separates particles by size Distillation separates solutions based on boiling points

10. Physical Changes Properties change but the substance remains the same Changing from a liquid to a gas Crumbling paper Slicing a tomato