German and Japanese aggression led to major battles and events during World War 2 that impacted themes of personal freedom, respect for human dignity, and individual responsibility. Key events included the Fall of France which confined the French under German rule, Kristallnacht where Nazi troops attacked Jewish homes and businesses, and the bombing of Pearl Harbor which was an unexpected attack on Americans. Major battles included Midway where the US turned the tide against Japan, Iwo Jima which allowed bombers to reach Japan, and Okinawa where there were over 1,900 kamikaze attacks against Allies. The Manhattan Project developed the atomic bombs that were ultimately dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing hundreds of thousands