This document discusses various meteorological phenomena including adiabatic temperature changes, frontal wedging, condensation nuclei, cloud types like cirrus, cumulus and altocumulus clouds, low clouds like stratus and nimbostratus, fog formation, Bergeron process, collision-coalescence raindrop formation, sleet, hail and differences between rain, snow and sleet. It provides definitions and descriptions of these atmospheric conditions and processes.

1. By
Tim Gisone

2.  Temperatures changes that happen even
though heat isn’t added or taken away are
called adiabatic temperature changes.

3.  It is another way of saying wind word.
 Occurs when elevated terrains, such as
mountains, act as barriers.
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4.  It occurs between colliding masses of warm
and cold air.
 Frontal wedging is the process where cold air
acts as a barrier for warmer air.

5.  Lifting air from the lower atmosphere flowing
together.

6.  Unequal heating of surface warms pockets of
air more then the air that surrounds it.

7.  It tends to stay in its original position, while the
air that is unstable is rises.
 When the air is most stable conditions happen
like air temperatures increase with height, this
is called temperature inversion.

8.  The air must be saturated for any
condensations to form like dew, fog, or clouds
to form.
 Tiny bits of particulate matter called
condensation nuclei occurs in the air above
ground, and they serve as water vapor for the
surface.

9.  Cirrus clouds are clouds are high, white, and
thin, they occur as patches or delicate veil-like
sheets.
 Cumulus clouds are rounded individual
masses, they normally have flat bases and the
form around rising domes, or towers.

10.  Cirrocumulus clouds are mad up of fluffy
masses, and cirrostratus clouds are flat.
 High clouds are thin and white and mostly
made up of ice crystals.
 This is because of the low temperatures and
small quantities of water vapor.

11.  Altocumulus clouds are made up of rounded
masses that differ from cirrocumulus clouds in
that altocumulus clouds are larger and denser.

12.  There are 3 types of low clouds one is stratus,
stratocumulus, and nimbostratus, occasionally
these clouds produce light precipitation.

13.  These clouds have their bases in the low height
range but often extend upward into the middle
or high altitudes.

14.  Fog can form on cool, clear, calm nights
progresses, a earths surface cools rapidly by
radiation.
 When cool air moves over warm water, enough
moisture may evaporate from the water surface
to produce satuation.

15.  The Bergeron process is a theory of precipition
of supercooled clouds, freeing nuclei, and
different levels of saturation of ice and liquid
water.
 Liquid water below 0 is supercooled.

16.  When air gets saturated with water it is
supersaturated with ice.
 The collision-coalescence process is raindrop
formations in warm clouds, and large cloud
droplets collide together with smaller droplets
to become raindrop.

17.  When surface temperatures is above 4 degrees
C, snowflakes usually melt and continue their
decent ad rain before they reach the ground.
 Rain means drops of water that fall from a
cloud and have a diameter of at least 0.5 mm.

18.  Sleet is the fall of small particles of clear-to-
translucent ice. For sleet to form, a layer of air
with temperatures above freezing must overlie
a subfreezing layer near the ground.
 Hail is made in cumulonimbus clouds, hail
begins as small ice pellets that grow by
collecting supercooled water droplets as they
fall through a cloud.