This document discusses various atmospheric processes involved in the formation of clouds and precipitation. It describes different types of adiabatic temperature changes, methods of air lifting such as orographic and frontal wedging. Cloud formation processes like convergence and localized convection are outlined. The document also defines high, middle and low clouds and different cloud types. Precipitation processes including Bergeron process, collision-coalescence, and forms of precipitation like rain, snow, sleet and hail are summarized.

1. Moisture, Clouds and
precipitation

2. Adiabatic Temperature
Changing and Expansion and
Cooling.
• Temperature changes happen
even though heat is not added or
subtracted is adiabatic
temperature.
• The first type of adiabatic is dry
adiabatic, this is the cooling or
heating of unsaturated air
• The second type is wet
adiabatic, this is the cooling of
saturated air and it moves slower
than dry adiabatic.
• http://strangepaths.com/en/

3. Orographic Lifting
• This occurs when mountains act
as barriers to air flow, forcing the
air to ascend.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:
Orographic_lifting_of_the_air_-
_NOAA.jpg

4. Frontal Wedging!!!!
• The area between warm and cold
air is a front.
• A process that occurs at a front,
dense air act like a road block.
• Less dense air rises.
• http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/
~tbw/wc.notes/4.moisture.atm.st
ability/frontal_wedging.htm

5. Convergence
• The up rising of air that results
from the air in the lower
atmosphere flowing together is
Convergence
• warm days, air flows from the
ocean to the land along both
coast of Florida
• commons.wikimedia.org

6. Localized Convective
Lifting
• Unequal heating of earths
surface warms a section of air
that lowers the air density
• http://www.richhoffmanclass.co
m/chapter4.html

7. Stability (Density Differnces
& Syability and DAILY
Weather
• Stable air stays in its position,
when unstable air rises.
• Temperatures Conversion
happens when air increases with
height.
• http://ocw.usu.edu/Forest__Rang
e__and_Wildlife_Sciences/Wildla
nd_Fire_Management_and_Plann
ing/Unit_7__Atmospheric_Stabilit
y_and_Instability_1.html

8. Condensation
• The air must be fully saturated to
form any kind of condensation.
• Types of condensation is weather
dew, fog, or clouds.
• http://www.kidsgeo.com/geograp
hy-for-kids/0107-
condensation.php

9. Types of clouds
• Clouds are described by their
height and formed.
• There are different types of
clouds
• Cirrus , Cumulus and Stratus.
• http://www.weatherquestions.co
m/What_kinds_of_clouds_are_th
ere.htm

10. High Clouds
• High clouds are often made up of
ice crystals, they are thin and
white as well.
• They are formed by low
tempertaures, small amount of
water vapor up high.
• http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/sky/cloud
s3.htm

11. Middle Clouds
• Clouds appear to 2000-
6000meters from ground.
• These Clouds put a blanket like
across the sky that looks whiteish
grey.
• http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/fl
tenv3.htm

12. Low Clouds
• Low clouds cover a lot of the sky,
kinda like fog.
• Low Clouds form from air rising
up.
• Nimbostratus,Stratocumulus and
stratus clouds are all types of low
clouds.
• http://www.atmos.illinois.edu/ea
rths_atmosphere/clouds.html

13. Clouds of Vertical
Development.
• Not all clouds fit in high low or
middle clouds.
• Some clouds can form under the
proper circumstance.
• http://www.free-online-private-
pilot-ground-
school.com/Aviation-Weather-
Principles.html

14. Fog
• There is nothing different from a
fog and a cloud, the only
difference is the method and
place of formation.
• Fog is formed by radiation
cooling.
• Fog is clouds that touch to the
ground.
• http://www.naturalhazards.org/h
azards/fog/index.html

15. Cold Cloud
Precipitation(Bergeron
process)
• Bergeron Process is a theory
that relates the formation of
precipitation to supercooled
clouds, Freezing nuclei
• Water is supercooled when it
is below 0°C
• http://www.richhoffmanclass.
com/chapter5.html

16. Warm Cloud Precipitation
(collision-coalescence
process)
• Supersaturated is with ice is greater
than 100 percent relative humidity.
• Rain drop formation in warm clouds
is a theory called Colluision-
coalescence.
• https://www.meted.ucar.edu/sign_i
n.php?go_back_to=http%253A%252
F%252Fwww.meted.ucar.edu%252F
tropical%252Ftextbook_2nd_edition
%252Fnavmenu.php%253Ftab%253
D6%2526page%253D3.0.0

17. Rain & Snow.
• Drops of water that fall from the
sky is called rain.
• When the temperature gets really
cold the rain froze to a 6-sided ice
crystal called snowflakes.
http://zahiym5tlc.edublogs.org/

18. Sleet, Glaze and Hail
• Clear particles that fall from the
sky is sleet.
• Glaze is when frozen rain falls to
the ground.
• Hailstorms begin as ice pallets
falling from the sky.
• http://www.kidsgeo.com/geograp
hy-for-kids/0118-freezing-
rain.php