This document contains summaries of various meteorological concepts in 3 sentences or less: 1) It discusses adiabatic temperature changes, how air cools when expanding and warms when compressed, and the differences between dry and wet adiabatic rates. 2) It defines orographic lifting as air being forced to ascend when encountering elevated terrain like mountains, frontal wedging as the interaction between warm and cold air masses at a front, and convergence lifting as the result of air flowing together in the lower atmosphere. 3) It provides short descriptions of cloud types like cirrus, cumulus and stratus clouds based on height and shape, as well as fog, precipitation processes, and the formation of

1. Lauren Dreghorn-carver
Meteorology
Mrs.Joseph/mrs.Neisen

2. Adiabatic temperature changes
and expansion and cooling
 Air expand-it cools and air compressed-it warms.
 Rate of adiabatic cooling or heating in unsaturated air is
the dry adiabatic rate.
 When it is saturated air its called wet adiabatic rate and
that dry's slower then the dry adiabatic.
link:
http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/~wintelsw/MET1010LOL/chapter
06/

3. Orographic lifting
http://www.crh.noaa.gov/unr
facts /?n=weather
 It occurs when elevated
terrains
 Mountains act as a barriers
air flow that is forcing air to
ascend

4. Frontal wedging
http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw
facts /wc.notes/4.moisture.atm.stability/fro
ntal_wedging.htm
 It’s a boundary between
colliding masses of warm and
cold air
 It occurs at a front in which
cold dense air acts as a barrier

5. convergence
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/g
facts uides/mtr/cld/dvlp/cnvrg.rxml
 Its lifting of air
 Results from air in the lower
atmosphere
 That makes it flow together

6. Localized
convection lifting
•Lifting occurs when unequal
heating of earths surface
 Link
•It warms a pocket or air more http://www.richhoffmanclass.com/chapter4
then the surrounding air .html
•Lowering the pocket of air
density

7. Stability (density differences and
stability and daily weather
http://www.vietnamonline.com/destin
facts ation/hanoi/weather-by-
month/hanoi-weather-in-august.html
 Tend to remain the original
position when unstable air
rises
 Its most stable condition Is
when air temp. increase
 When that happens it is
called temperature inversion

8. Condensation
http://keep3.sjfc.edu/students/kes00898/e-
facts port/condensation%20page%20for%20unit.
html
 For it to form it needs to have
dew,fog,or clouds and the air
must be saturated
 Air above ground turn into
tiny particulars matter that is
called condensation nuclei
 It serves as a surface for a
water vapor

9. Types of clouds
http://eo.ucar.edu/webweath
facts er/cloud3.html
 They are classified how they
are classified is their shape
and height
 They are cirrus and cumulus
and stratus
 Cirrus –white high thin
.cumulus-round individual
,stratus-sheets

10. High clouds
http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/sky/c
fact louds3.htm
 Three family clouds make up
the high clouds cirrus and
cirrostratus and cirrocumulus
 All high clouds are thin and
white and are often made up
of ice crystals
 They are not considered
precipitation makers

11. Middle clouds
http://www.bigbranch.net/mi
fact ddle%20clouds.htm
 They are larger and denser.
 They are part of the
altocumulus
 Light snow or drizzle will
accompany them

12. Low clouds
http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/sky/c
facts louds1.htm
 3 members –stratus and
stratocumulus and
nimbostratus
 Fog like layer of clouds
 Nimbostratus are the stable
conditations

13. Clouds of vertical development
http://www.free-online-private-pilot-
facts ground-school.com/Aviation-Weather-
Principles.html
 Some of the clouds do not fit
into the height categories
 They have their bases
 The clouds are related to each
other

14. Fog (by cooling and by
evaporation)
http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2006/03/ad
facts vection-fog-in-new-hampshire.html
 Physically there is no
difference between fog and a
clound
 Fog can form on cool clear
and calm nights
 When cool air moves across
warm water it may evaporate

15. Cold cloud precipitation(bergeron
process)
http://nanopatentsandinnovations.bl
facts ogspot.com/2010/06/amount-of-dust-
pollen-matters-for-cloud.html
 Bergeron process is a theory
 It relates to precipitation
 Super cooled and freezing
nuclei and the different
saturation levels of ice and
liquid water

16. Warm cloud
Fact http://www.frangardino.com/clouds/index.
html
 Air saturated with respect to
water it is super saturated
with respect to ice
 Collision coalescence is a
theory of raindrop formation
in warm clouds
 Large clouds collide and join
together with smalle droplets
to form raindroplets

17. Rain and snow
http://fineartamerica.com/featured/la
Facts ke-rain-and-snow-darryl-kravitz.html
 Light fluffy snow makes
individual 6 sided crystals
 Temps warmer then -5 ice
crystals go into large clumps
 Snowfalls of the snowflakes
are heavy ,are high moisture
contents

18. Sleet glaze and hail
http://scienceray.com/earth-
facts sciences/the-mysteries-of-earth-
science-rain-snow-and-hail/
 Sleet-small particles of clear
to translucent
 Glaze-also knew as freezing
rain it happens when super
cooled raindrops
 Hail- produce cumulonimbus
cloud hailstones are small ice
pellets but they get larger s
they collect super cooled
water cooled

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