2 eso the carolingian empire
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The Carolingian Empire originated from the weak Frankish Kingdom. Charles Martel, the powerful Mayor of the Palace, defeated the Muslims in 732 and his son Pippin the Short became king in 751 after defeating the Frankish king. Pippin's son Charlemagne sought to rebuild the Western Roman Empire by conquering the Lombard Kingdom and defeating the Saxons. In 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the Pope. Upon his death in 814, Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious became emperor but the empire was divided among his three sons by the Treaty of Verdun in 843.
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The Frankish Kingdom was established in the 5th century by Merovech and expanded by his grandson Clovis. After Clovis' death, the kingdom was divided among his sons. Power later fell to the Mayors of the Palace, most notably Charles Martel, before Pippin the Short established the Carolingian dynasty in 751. Charlemagne conquered much of Western Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800. His empire did not long survive his death and was divided among his grandsons in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun.
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was born in the late 740s in modern-day Belgium and became the sole ruler of the Frankish kingdom in 771 after the death of his brother Carloman. Over the course of his reign, Charlemagne expanded his empire through military campaigns, conquering territories like Saxony, Lombardy, and northern Spain. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor in an attempt to revive the western Roman imperial tradition. Charlemagne introduced administrative and legal reforms throughout his vast Carolingian Empire and promoted Christianity. However, upon his death in 814, his successors lacked his leadership and his empire did not long survive him.
Unit 7 lesson 1
The Merovingians ruled Francia from the 5th to 8th centuries, with their kings appointing major domos to rule in their stead over time. One major domo, Charles Martel, passed rulership to his son Pepin III, who had himself proclaimed king in 754 with papal support. This marked the rise of the Carolingian dynasty, which expanded the Frankish kingdom under the rule of Charlemagne from 768 to 814. However, upon Charlemagne's death the Carolingian lands were split among his sons, mirroring the divisions of the Merovingians.
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He conquered much of Western and Central Europe during his reign between 768-814 AD. He converted many people in Europe to Christianity, helping to unite them under one religion. Charlemagne also reorganized the Holy Roman Empire into a more efficient political entity and helped restore economic prosperity through infrastructure projects. He established himself as emperor in 800 AD after being crowned by the pope on Christmas Day in Rome.
9
Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom and was crowned emperor in 800, founding the Carolingian Empire and dynasty. After his death, his son Louis the Pious ruled for 30 years but civil war erupted between Louis' sons, weakening the empire. This instability led to the rise of the feudal system as a new political structure, characterized by lords granting land to vassals who owed military service in return. Feudalism involved a hierarchy of obligations between nobles based on the holding of fiefs or parcels of land.
The European Middle Ages
The document summarizes the rise of Europe between 500-1500 AD. It describes how the fall of the Western Roman Empire led to the emergence of new Germanic kingdoms and a decline in learning. It then discusses how Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Franks in the late 8th century through military conquest and promoted Christianity and education. His coronation in 800 AD marked the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire and Charlemagne's legacy of strengthening central rule in Europe. However, internal fighting after his death caused the empire to split into multiple kingdoms once more.
Barbarian invasions (4.2)
1) In the 5th century AD, the Roman legions withdrew from Britain and the Anglo-Saxons moved in as the Western Roman Empire collapsed. 2) By 500 AD, different Germanic kings ruled parts of the former Western Roman Empire and claimed they were representing the true Roman rulers. 3) The plague in 541 weakened the empire further and made it more susceptible to invasions and attacks from outside groups like the Lombards and Vikings over the following centuries.
Mark jelo bermas ANG DYNASTIYANG CAROLINGIAN
Charlemagne united a large part of Europe during the early Middle Ages and established the first empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. As King of the Franks, he laid the foundations for modern France and Germany by expanding the Frankish realm under his powerful rule. The capital of Charlemagne's empire was Aachen, located in a central position between the western and eastern parts of the empire, which became an important center of education and culture. After Charlemagne, his son Louis the Pious ruled as King of Aquitaine and co-Emperor with his father, and his three sons Louis the German, Charles the Bald, and Lothair later inherited parts of the Carolingian Empire.
The medieval world
The medieval period spanned from around 400 to 1500 CE, beginning with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The early Middle Ages from 400 to 800 CE were known as the Dark Ages, as Germanic tribes invaded and trade routes became dangerous. New kingdoms gradually emerged in the 800s and 900s, including the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne and the kingdoms of Alfred the Great in England and Otto I in Germany. Medieval kings held absolute power over their subjects, demonstrated through grand ceremonies. The medieval period lasted until the start of the Renaissance in the 15th century.
Charlemagne wikipedia
This document provides biographical information about Charlemagne, the King of the Franks from 768 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. It details his rise to power from Pepin the Short's eldest son. When Pepin died in 768, Charlemagne and his brother Carloman jointly inherited the Frankish kingdom, though Carloman died soon after in 771, leaving Charlemagne as sole ruler. He went on to conquer much of Western Europe and be crowned emperor on Christmas Day 800, becoming the first Western European ruler since the fall of Rome.
Normans
The document discusses how the power of monarchs grew across Europe during the Middle Ages. In England, kings gained power through conquest and centralizing authority, culminating in Magna Carta and the formation of Parliament to advise the king. In France, the Capetian dynasty extended control over the country. The Holy Roman Empire was fragmented, with local dukes holding power. Rulers in Spain gained authority by gradually reconquering territory from the Moors through the Reconquista.
Norman Kings
The document discusses how the power of monarchs grew across Europe during the Middle Ages. In England, kings gained power through conquest and centralizing authority, culminating in Magna Carta and the formation of Parliament to advise the king. In France, the Capetian dynasty extended control over the country. The Holy Roman Empire was decentralized, with local dukes maintaining authority. Kings in Iberia gained power by driving out the Moors through the Reconquista.
Decline of Feudalism _ Rise of Nation States PPT.ppt
The document discusses the rise of nation-states in Europe during the Middle Ages. It describes how after the fall of Rome, Western Europe was ruled by many groups until feudalism emerged. In the 1100s, European monarchs began building strong nation-states with centralized governments and defined territories. England and France were the first nation-states, with their kings gaining power through limiting the nobility and growing nationalism. The document then examines the development of nation-states in England, France, Spain, and Russia.
Middle ages part 1
The Franks, led by King Clovis, came to dominate Northern Gaul in the 5th century. Clovis converted to Christianity, gaining the support of the Catholic Church. His successors founded the Merovingian dynasty. Over time, real power shifted to the Mayor of the Palace position, held by the Carolingians. Pepin the Short became the first Carolingian king in 751. His son Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom into a vast empire encompassing much of Western Europe through conquest and alliance. After his death, internal divisions and Viking invasions contributed to the decline of his Carolingian Empire.
Rise of the Hispanic Empire: Charles V
Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire built a vast empire through inheritance. As king of Spain, he faced rebellions from nobles upset by his appointments of Flemish advisers. His empire included Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, and territories in Italy and the Americas. Charles fought wars against France to maintain control of European territories and against the Ottoman Empire along eastern borders. By 1556, he abdicated and divided his empire between his son Philip II and brother Ferdinand I.
Spain
The Spanish Empire began with the arrival of the Carthaginians in the 6th century BC. When the Romans arrived, they divided Spain into two provinces and founded many cities. Germanic tribes later invaded during the decline of the Roman Empire. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand united Castile and Aragon in 1479, setting the stage for Spain's unification and expansion. Their marriage alliances with other royal houses strengthened Spain's position. The Habsburgs further expanded Spanish power across Europe and the Americas in the 16th century, though overextension led to wars and financial troubles. The Spanish Empire went into decline in the 17th century due to economic problems, conflicts, and plague outbreaks that killed
12i Franks
The document summarizes the rise of medieval Europe following the fall of Rome. It describes how the Franks emerged as the dominant Germanic tribe in Western Europe under King Clovis, the first Germanic king to convert to Christianity. Pepin the Short then became the king of the Franks in 752 with support from nobles and the Church. His son Charlemagne expanded the Frankish lands into a large empire and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800. This established the precedent of the Catholic Church legitimizing rulers in Western Europe and marked the rise of the Carolingian dynasty.
Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
1) Charlemagne united many of the Germanic kingdoms that had succeeded the Western Roman Empire under his empire in the late 8th and early 9th centuries.
2) Charlemagne helped spread Christianity and Christian civilization throughout Northern Europe, which had a permanent cultural impact.
3) Charlemagne's large empire did not last after his death, as his successors divided it and lost central authority, leading to the decline of the Carolingian Empire.
Early modern netherlands monarchy
Julius Caesar first conquered the modern Netherlands in his quest to conquer Europe and established Roman rule over the area. After the decline of the Roman Empire, the region experienced rule by various groups including native Frisians, Charlemagne's Franks, and Viking rulers like Rorik. The Netherlands eventually united under the Dukes of Burgundy, with Duke Philip the Good ruling Holland. Charles V later became both the Duke of Burgundy and Holy Roman Emperor, incorporating the Netherlands into the Habsburg lands, leading to conflict and the 80 Years War under Philip II of Spain and William the Silent of Orange.
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The Aztecs originated in Aztlan in northern Mexico around 1100 and wandered for over 200 years before settling in Tenochtitlan in 1325. They built canals and causeways around the city and developed a great civilization through conquest. Montezuma I expanded the Aztec Empire during his rule from 1440 to 1469. The Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519 and took Montezuma II prisoner, driving the Aztecs from Tenochtitlan. Cortes defeated the Aztecs in 1521 with the help of horses and gunpowder.
The aztecs
The Aztecs originated in Aztlan in northern Mexico around 1100 and migrated south, eventually settling in Tenochtitlan in 1325. They built canals and causeways around the city and developed a great civilization through conquest. Montezuma I's rule from 1440-1469 marked the height of the Aztec Empire. The Aztecs built huge pyramids and the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, dedicating it with thousands of human sacrifices. Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519, taking Montezuma II prisoner and driving the Aztecs from Tenochtitlan. Cortes defeated the Aztecs in 1521, establishing Mexico City on the ruins of Ten
Women in christian medieval europe
Most women in medieval Europe were expected to marry, have many children, and manage the household, though they had little autonomy over decisions. Farming was the primary occupation, and women's roles included caring for animals, running dairies through milking and producing butter and cheese, and assisting with seasonal harvesting and slaughtering. A small number of women became nuns, either by choice or their family's wishes, and convent life allowed some women more independence and opportunities to organize, write, and read compared to married life.
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Farming involves cultivating crops and rearing animals to produce food and other goods. A farm can be viewed as a system with inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback. Inputs include physical resources like land, water, and raw materials as well as human inputs such as labor and skills. Processes are actions like milking, harvesting, and shearing that transform inputs into outputs. Outputs are the finished products as well as any profits from sales, while feedback puts resources back into the system through money and knowledge gained. Farms can be categorized based on the type of farming, land size, and techniques used.
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This document discusses employment structures and how they differ between economic sectors and countries. It begins by defining the primary, secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary economic sectors. It then explains that employment structures show the percentage of a country's workforce in each sector and can indicate its level of development. Developed countries usually have higher tertiary sector employment while developing countries rely more on primary sectors. The document analyzes changes over time in the UK employment structure as it industrialized and transitioned to a service economy. It also notes regional variations within the UK and how employment structures differ significantly between rich, poor, and developing countries globally.
Urbanisation in developing countries
Urbanization in developing countries faces several challenges related to poverty. Housing is inadequate, with many families living in crowded, unsanitary slums lacking basic amenities. Public services are also lacking, as there are few schools and hospitals, and public transportation is overcrowded. Issues of water supply, sanitation, and health are severe, with limited access to clean water and high rates of diseases. Employment opportunities are limited, with many working long hours in informal or factory jobs under poor conditions or unemployed. Crime is an issue due to lack of law enforcement and consequences of poverty.
Land use in led cs
Land use patterns differ between developed and developing countries, especially in urban areas. In developing country cities, the central business district (CBD) is typically found in the city center and contains shops, offices, and administrative buildings, many belonging to multinational companies. Industry zones are located along transportation routes leading away from the CBD, causing high pollution levels. The inner zone is a high-class residential area near the CBD containing colonial homes and new flats. The middle zone is for middle-class homes, though of poorer quality than developed countries. The outer zone is where the majority of the poor population lives in very poor quality, informal housing lacking basic amenities and land rights.
The black death
The Black Death arrived in England in 1348 through a ship from France carrying an infected sailor. The plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, spread rapidly through England between 1347-1351, carried by fleas that lived on black rats. Symptoms included swollen lymph nodes and dark blotchy skin that led to its name. It was a highly lethal disease, killing around one-third of England's population and devastating many villages and religious houses.
Muslim cities
Al-Andalus had highly urbanized societies centered around important cities like Cordoba, which was one of the largest cities in the world during the 10th century with over 100,000 inhabitants. Muslim cities were laid out with fortified walls and an alcázar or citadel at the center for political and military purposes. The medina contained the main mosque and souk market at the city center, while artisans lived in outer arrabales neighborhoods. Cities featured baths that were an important part of Islamic culture and hygiene practices.
Al andalus
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Urban problems in big cities of the developed
This document discusses urban problems in large cities of developed countries. As people moved from rural areas to cities for jobs and improved standards of living, urban populations grew rapidly. This population growth led to issues like overcrowding, crime, pollution, and poverty in certain urban areas. The inner city particularly struggles with lack of jobs, affordable housing, and amenities as factories closed and poverty became concentrated. Breaking the cycle of poverty is challenging as economic, social, housing, and environmental stress reinforce one another. Improving education, employment opportunities, living conditions, and community investment could help address the root causes of urban deprivation.
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2 eso the carolingian empire
- 2. The origin of the Carolingian Empire The Carolingian Empire had its origin in the Frankish Kingdom The Frankish kings were weak and they handed the power over to Mayors of the Palace, who were the main officials Charles Martel was Mayor of the Palace and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours in 732 Then Pippin the Short, who was the Martel’s son, fought against the Frankish king in 751. Pippin the Short won and became a king in that year
- 3. CHARLEMAGNE Charlemagne was the Pippin’s son and became the new king in 768 Charlemagne decided to rebuild the Western Roman Empire First he conquered the Lombard Kingdom Then, he extended his kingdom defeating the German Saxons Finally, he tried to conquered Spain, but he was defeated by Basques in 778. He only could have territories in Cataluña. However he was the stronger power in the Western Europe Because of his victories, he was crowned as the new Emperor of the West by the Pope in 800
- 4. How did Charlemagne govern his Empire? Charlemagne divided the Empire into counties In the borders of the Empire he created marches, which were places with many soldiers and military governors The capital was in Aachen To control all the Empire, he often sent messengers to ensure that his authority was safe. The messengers were known as “Missi Dominici”
- 5. The division of the Empire Charlemagne died in 814 and his son Louis the Pious became the new Emperor who ruled until 840 When Louis the Pious died, his three sons divided the Empire in three parts and they sign the Treaty of Verdun in 843 to confirm the division of the Empire: The Western France was for Charles The central part of the Empire was for Lothair The eastern part of the Empire –Germany- was for Louis When Lothair died, Louis and Charles divided his part between them
- 6. IMPORTANT DATES OF THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE 732: Battle of Tours Charles Martel defeated the Muslims 751: Pippin the Short fought against the King of the Franks Pippin became a king 768: Charlemagne became a king after the death of his father Pippin 778: Charlemagne’s army is defeated by the Basques when the Emperor wanted to conquer the Iberian Peninsula 800: Charlemagne was crowned as the Emperor of the West by the Pope 814: Charlemagne died and his son Louis the Pious became the new Emperor 843: The three sons of Louis de Pious – Charles, Lothair and Louis – signed the Treaty of Verdun and the Empire was oficialy divided in three parts