The Early Middle Ages: The Visigoths
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Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
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Visigothic Spain - From 409 until the Muslim conquest
1. The document provides historical context on the Visigothic Kingdom that ruled Hispania beginning in the 7th century. It details the various barbarian groups that invaded the Iberian peninsula in the 5th century, including the Vandals, Suebi, Alans, and Visigoths.
2. It then discusses the rise of the Visigothic Kingdom and its kings, including Leovigild who expanded the kingdom in the 6th century through military conquests and administrative reforms.
3. However, religious tensions grew as Hermenegild, the eldest son of Leovigild, converted to Catholicism with his Frankish wife while the Visigoths remained
Visigothic Kingdom (416-711)
The Visigothic Kingdom ruled Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal) from 416 to 711. It began when the Visigoths, a Germanic people originally from Eastern Europe, were invited by the Romans to expel other barbarian groups from the Iberian Peninsula. Over time, the Visigoths established control over most of Hispania and unified the territory through religious and legal conversions in the 6th-7th centuries. However, internal conflicts and challenges to royal authority weakened the kingdom prior to its conquest by the Umayyad Caliphate in 711.
The visigoths 1
The Visigoths conquered the other Germanic tribes that had settled in Hispania in the 5th century. In the 6th century, the Visigoths established their kingdom's capital in Toledo to unite the Iberian Peninsula under their control. They adopted some Roman ways of life but also maintained their own customs. In 589, Visigoth King Recaredo I converted the kingdom to Catholicism, increasing the power of Catholic bishops, though Visigoths had previously followed Arianism.
The Visigoths
The document provides information about the history and society of the Visigoths in Spain from the 5th to early 8th century AD. It notes key events like the Visigoths defeating Attila the Hun in 451 AD, their expansion into Spain, and conquests of cities like Cordoba. It describes Visigothic kings like Reccared who converted the kingdom to Catholicism in 587 AD and Rodrigo who was the last Visigothic king before the Muslim invasion in 711 AD. The document also outlines the different social classes within Visigothic society, including the king, aristocracy, clergy, peasants, artisans, and slaves. Important architectural structures like churches, crypts, and cathed
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U1.early middle ages
The document provides information about the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It discusses the establishment of Germanic kingdoms across Europe as the Western Roman Empire collapsed, including the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. The document also examines the division of the Roman Empire in 395 into Western and Eastern halves, with the Eastern Empire surviving as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople until 1453.
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1. The document provides historical context on the Visigothic Kingdom that ruled Hispania beginning in the 7th century. It details the various barbarian groups that invaded the Iberian peninsula in the 5th century, including the Vandals, Suebi, Alans, and Visigoths.
2. It then discusses the rise of the Visigothic Kingdom and its kings, including Leovigild who expanded the kingdom in the 6th century through military conquests and administrative reforms.
3. However, religious tensions grew as Hermenegild, the eldest son of Leovigild, converted to Catholicism with his Frankish wife while the Visigoths remained
Visigothic Kingdom (416-711)
The Visigothic Kingdom ruled Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal) from 416 to 711. It began when the Visigoths, a Germanic people originally from Eastern Europe, were invited by the Romans to expel other barbarian groups from the Iberian Peninsula. Over time, the Visigoths established control over most of Hispania and unified the territory through religious and legal conversions in the 6th-7th centuries. However, internal conflicts and challenges to royal authority weakened the kingdom prior to its conquest by the Umayyad Caliphate in 711.
The visigoths 1
The Visigoths conquered the other Germanic tribes that had settled in Hispania in the 5th century. In the 6th century, the Visigoths established their kingdom's capital in Toledo to unite the Iberian Peninsula under their control. They adopted some Roman ways of life but also maintained their own customs. In 589, Visigoth King Recaredo I converted the kingdom to Catholicism, increasing the power of Catholic bishops, though Visigoths had previously followed Arianism.
The Visigoths
The document provides information about the history and society of the Visigoths in Spain from the 5th to early 8th century AD. It notes key events like the Visigoths defeating Attila the Hun in 451 AD, their expansion into Spain, and conquests of cities like Cordoba. It describes Visigothic kings like Reccared who converted the kingdom to Catholicism in 587 AD and Rodrigo who was the last Visigothic king before the Muslim invasion in 711 AD. The document also outlines the different social classes within Visigothic society, including the king, aristocracy, clergy, peasants, artisans, and slaves. Important architectural structures like churches, crypts, and cathed
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The document provides background information on feudalism in medieval Europe. It explains that feudalism emerged after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, when there was no strong central government. Under feudalism, kings and lords granted land to lesser nobles, known as vassals, who were then obligated to provide military service. Vassals could further divide their lands, becoming overlords to lower-level vassals. Peasants lived under manorial systems and were often bound to the land as serfs. Knights received land and protection from lords in exchange for military service. Feudal relationships were complex and sometimes vassals had obligations to multiple overlords. The system helped provide security and
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El documento describe el surgimiento y caída del Imperio Carolingio. Clodoveo unificó el reino franco y derrotó a otros poderes. Pipino el Breve se coronó rey y estableció la dinastía Carolingia. Carlomagno expandió el reino y fue coronado emperador por el Papa en 800. Tras su muerte, Luis el Piadoso dividió el imperio entre sus hijos, llevando a su fragmentación y el surgimiento de los reinos de Francia y el Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico.
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The document provides information about the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It discusses the establishment of Germanic kingdoms across Europe as the Western Roman Empire collapsed, including the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. The document also examines the division of the Roman Empire in 395 into Western and Eastern halves, with the Eastern Empire surviving as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople until 1453.
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The document provides an overview of key events and developments during the Early Middle Ages in Europe:
1. It describes the Germanic migrations into the Western Roman Empire beginning in the 3rd century CE due to Roman weakness, and the division of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern halves in 395 CE.
2. It discusses the Visigoths, a Germanic tribe that entered the Roman Empire to escape the Huns, later receiving land in Gaul before being expelled by the Franks and establishing a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula.
3. It outlines the Byzantine Empire, the continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire with its capital of Constantinople, and its gradual territorial losses over subsequent centuries under
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3. The Visigoths and the Kingdom of Toledo
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1. The decline of the Roman Empire
2. The Germans Migrations
3. The Visigoths and the Kingdom of Toledo
The barbarian invasions
The document discusses the Barbarian invasions of Europe during the fall of the Roman Empire and the early Middle Ages. Major invasions came from Germanic tribes from northern Europe like the Goths, Huns, Lombards, and Franks, as well as the Huns and Magyars from Asia. These invaders settled across Europe and established new political entities, with varying levels of adoption of Roman culture. Significant leaders that arose included Clovis who established the Frankish kingdom and Charlemagne who founded the Carolingian Empire. Vikings also raided much of Europe in this period. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system in response to these invasions and the need for protection.
History of Europe
- The history of Europe covers prehistoric civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans through the classical era of Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.
- The Middle Ages saw the rise and fall of powers like the Franks and Byzantines. The Viking Age and Crusades had major impacts.
- The Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and Age of Discovery transformed Europe. Major wars included the Hundred Years' War and Thirty Years' War.
- Modern European history includes the rise of nation-states, colonialism, world wars, and the postwar division between Western capitalist states and Eastern communist states within the Soviet sphere of influence. The European Union now faces challenges including financial crises and immigration
Unit 1. Middle ages: three civilisations
The document provides an overview of the three major civilizations that emerged during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It describes the political and social structures, economies, and cultures that characterized each civilization. The Byzantine Empire emerged from the eastern half of the Roman Empire and was centered in Constantinople. Multiple Germanic kingdoms formed in the western half of the empire and one of the most influential was the Frankish Kingdom. The Islamic civilization rapidly expanded following the teachings of Muhammad and established large caliphates across North Africa and the Middle East.
Unit 1. Middle ages: three civilisations
The document summarizes the three major civilizations that existed during the Middle Ages in Europe: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the political organization, society, economy, and culture of each civilization. The Byzantine Empire emerged after the division of the Roman Empire, with its capital in Constantinople. The Western Roman Empire fell, giving rise to various Germanic kingdoms. The Islamic civilization expanded rapidly after the prophet Muhammad established the religion of Islam in the 7th century.
Unit 1. Middle ages: three civilisations
The document summarizes three major civilizations that existed during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Germanic Kingdoms, and Islamic civilizations. The Byzantine Empire emerged in the eastern half of the former Roman Empire and had its capital in Constantinople. It experienced a period of decline after the reign of Justinian I until being conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. The Germanic Kingdoms formed in the western half of the former Roman Empire, with important ones including the Franks, Visigoths, and Ostrogoths. The Frankish Kingdom later became the powerful Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne. Islamic civilization originated from the religion of Islam founded by Muhammad in the 7th century Arabian Peninsula and
Unit 1. Middle Ages: three civilisations
The document summarizes three major civilizations that existed during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Germanic Kingdoms, and Islamic civilizations. The Byzantine Empire emerged in the eastern half of the former Roman Empire and had its capital in Constantinople. It experienced a period of decline after the reign of Justinian I until being conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. The Germanic Kingdoms developed after various tribes conquered the western half of the Roman Empire, establishing powers like the Franks and Visigoths. The Islamic civilization originated from the religion of Islam founded by Muhammad in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula and expanded throughout the Middle East.
Unit 1. Middle Ages: three civilisations
The document provides an overview of three major civilizations during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Germanic Kingdoms, and Islamic civilizations. It discusses the origins and characteristics of each, including their political structures, economies, and cultures. Specifically, it outlines the division of the Roman Empire that led to the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, the formation of Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and Visigoths in former western Roman territories, and the origins and spread of Islam starting in the 7th century.
264 CHAPTER 9 Medieval Empires and Borderlands The Latin West.docx
264 CHAPTER 9 Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West
was followed by a period of anarchy as Europe faced
further incursions of hostile invaders. During the
eleventh century, however, the Latin West recov-
ered in dramatic fashion. By the end of the century
the Latin kingdoms were strong enough to engage
in a massive counterassault against Islam, in part in
defense of fellow Christians in Byzantium. These
campaigns against Islam, known as the Crusades,
produced a series of wars in the Middle East and
North Africa that continued throughout the Middle
Ages. But the ideals of the crusaders lasted well into
modern times, long after the active fighting ceased.
The transformations in this period raised this ques-
tion: How did Latin Christianity help strengthen
the new kingdoms of the Latin West so that they
were eventually able to deal effectively with both
barbarian invaders and Muslim rivals?
THE BIRTH OF LATIN
CHRISTENDOM
• H o w d i d L a t i n C h r i s t e n d o m — t h e new
k i n g d o m s of western E u r o p e — b u i l d o n
Rome's legal and governmental legacies
and h o w d i d C h r i s t i a n i t y spread i n these
new kingdoms ?
By the time the Roman Empire collapsed in the
West during the f i f t h century, numerous Germanic
tribes had settled in the lands of the former
empire. These tribes became the nucleus for the
new Latin Christian kingdoms that emerged by
750 (see M a p 9.1).
Germanic Kingdoms on Roman
Foundations
The new Germanic kingdoms of L a t i n Christen-
dom created a new kind of society. They bor-
rowed f r o m Roman law while establishing
government institutions, but they also relied on
their o w n traditional methods of rule. Three ele-
ments helped unify these kingdoms. First, i n the
Germanic kingdoms personal loyalty rather than
legal rights unified society. Kinship obligations to
a particular clan of blood relatives rather than
citizenship, as in the Roman Empire, defined a
person's place in society and his or her relation-
ship to rulers. Second, Christianity became the
dominant religion i n the kingdoms. The common
faith hnked rulers w i t h their subjects. A n d
t h i r d , L a t i n served as the language of worship,
learning, and diplomacy in these kingdoms.
German kingdoms based on Roman foundations
appeared in Anglo-Saxon England, Prankish
Gaul, Visigothic Spain, and Lombard Italy.
A N G I O - S A X O M ENGLAisSD Roman civilization
collapsed more completely i n Britain during the
f i f t h century than it did on the European conti-
nent, largely because of Britain's long distance
f r o m Rome and the small number of Romans
who had settled there. A b o u t 400, the Roman
economic and administrative infrastructure of
Britain fell apart, and the last Roman legions left
the island to fight on the continent. Raiders f r o m
the coast of the N o r t h Sea called Angles and
Saxons (historians referred to them as Anglo-
Saxons) took advantag.
5. The fragmentation of the Ancient World
The document summarizes the fragmentation of the ancient world following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. It describes how Germanic tribes invaded and established kingdoms across Europe as the empire dissolved. One such kingdom was the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania. Meanwhile, the Eastern Roman Empire, centered in Constantinople, managed to survive as the Byzantine Empire for another 1000 years by repelling invaders. It also covers the emergence of Islam in the 7th century and the expansion of Muslim rule across former Roman territories in North Africa and the Middle East.
Carolingians and Visigoths
The Frankish Kingdom was established in the 5th century by Merovech and expanded by his grandson Clovis. After Clovis' death, the kingdom was divided among his sons. Power later fell to the Mayors of the Palace, most notably Charles Martel, before Pippin the Short established the Carolingian dynasty in 751. Charlemagne conquered much of Western Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800. His empire did not long survive his death and was divided among his grandsons in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun.
Ancient History
The ancient civilizations of Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians established colonies in Spain around 2000 BC to develop trade and utilize natural resources. The Romans then began conquering the Iberian Peninsula in 218 BC and completed control by 19 BC, leaving a lasting legacy in law, language, and religion. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, the Visigoths took control of Hispania and established the Visigothic Kingdom, ruling until 711 AD from their capital in Toledo.
Ancient History
The ancient civilizations of Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians founded colonies along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula between 2000 BC and 146 BC, developing trade and exploiting natural resources. The Romans then began conquering the peninsula in 218 BC and were not finished until 19 BC, leaving a lasting legacy in law, language, and religion. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, the Visigoths took control of Hispania and established a kingdom that ruled until 711 AD, becoming Romanized by adopting Latin, Roman law, and Catholicism.
The medieval world
The medieval period spanned from around 400 to 1500 CE, beginning with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The early Middle Ages from 400 to 800 CE were known as the Dark Ages, as Germanic tribes invaded and trade routes became dangerous. New kingdoms gradually emerged in the 800s and 900s, including the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne and the kingdoms of Alfred the Great in England and Otto I in Germany. Medieval kings held absolute power over their subjects, demonstrated through grand ceremonies. The medieval period lasted until the start of the Renaissance in the 15th century.
History of Spain from 800.000 BC to 1715
Spain has been home to many different peoples and civilizations over hundreds of thousands of years. The earliest human remains in Spain date back 800,000 years ago. Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula between 218-19 BC and spread their culture and social structures. Muslims ruled Spain for over 700 years beginning in 711 AD, bringing economic and cultural development. In the 15th century, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united Spain and expelled the Muslims, establishing the Spanish Empire under the Hapsburg dynasty.
Unit 1. Middle Ages: three civilisations
The document provides an overview of three major civilizations during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Germanic Kingdoms, and Islamic civilizations. It describes the division of the Roman Empire between the Eastern and Western halves, with the Eastern half becoming the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople. It then summarizes the political structures, economies, societies, and cultures of the Byzantine Empire and major Germanic kingdoms like the Franks. It also discusses the establishment of the Carolingian Empire and its division after Charlemagne. Finally, it introduces the emergence of Islamic civilization from the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century under the prophet Muhammad.
Unit 1. Middle Ages
The document summarizes three civilizations that occupied the area of the former Roman Empire during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the Byzantine Empire such as its capital in Constantinople, greatest expansion under Justinian I, and eventual fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. It also describes the Germanic kingdoms that arose in the western half of the empire, including the Franks under Charlemagne who established the Carolingian Empire, and the Visigoths who established a kingdom in Iberia with its capital in Toledo. Finally, it introduces the rise of Islamic civilization originating in the 7th century Arabian Peninsula under the prophet Muhammad.
Unit 1. Middle Ages
The document summarizes three civilizations that occupied the area of the former Roman Empire during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the Byzantine Empire such as its capital in Constantinople, greatest expansion under Justinian I, and eventual fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. It also describes the Germanic kingdoms that arose in the western half of the empire, including the Franks under Charlemagne who established the Carolingian Empire, and the Visigoths who established a kingdom in Iberia with its capital in Toledo. Finally, it introduces the rise of Islamic civilization originating in the 7th century Arabian Peninsula under the prophet Muhammad.
Unit 1. Middle ages three civilisations
The document summarizes three major civilizations during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Germanic Kingdoms, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the Byzantine Empire such as its capital in Constantinople, greatest expansion under Justinian I, and cultural influences from Greek and Christian traditions. It describes the fall of the Western Roman Empire and formation of Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and Visigoths, which had Roman cultural influences but economies based on agriculture. It outlines the Visigoth kingdom in Iberia and its conquest by the Islamic civilization beginning in 711.
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264 CHAPTER 9 Medieval Empires and Borderlands The Latin West.docx
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- 1. THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES (PART 2). THE GERMANIC KINGDOMS: THE VISIGOTHS María Jesús Campos learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
- 2. THE FALL OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE The fall of the Western Roman Empire after the conquest of Rome by the Ostrogoths in the year 476 A.D. meant the break-up of Mediterranean unity and the arose of new powers and civilizations as the Germanic Kingdoms, the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic
- 3. THE BREAK-UP OF MEDITERRANEAN UNITY
- 4. THE GERMANIC KINGDOMS Germanic tribes settled on the Roman territories they conquered and established different kingdoms. Some of the kingdoms that replaced the Western Empire were: The Franks, that settled in France The Visigoths, that settled in Spain The Ostrogoths, that settled in Italy The Angles and the Saxons, that settled in Britain.
- 5. Germans gradually intermingled with the people that lived in those territories who had already adopted Romans customs, laws and language and had become Roman
- 6. THE VISIGOTHS In the 4th century, the Visigoths, in Asia, were attacked by the Huns. They received permission to enter the Western Roman Empire and settle under its protection as allies. Some years later, the Roman emperor asked the Visigoths for help to expel other Germanic tribes (the Suevi, the Vandals and the Alans) from the Iberian Peninsula.
- 7. In exchange of giving back the Iberian Peninsula territories to the Romans, they would receive lands in southern Gaul. The Visigoths established their first kingdom in Gaul. Later they also conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
- 8. At the beginning of the 6th century, the Franks expelled the Visigoths from Gaul. The Visigoths founded a new kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, the Visigoth Kingdom of Toledo. This city was made its capital. The kingdom endured during the 6th and the 7th centuries until the Arabs conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the year 711.
- 9. Some of its most important kings were: King Leovigild, who extended the territory and intermingled Germanic and Roman law setting up a new code. King Reccared who became catholic as well as his subjects to try to intermingle Visigoth and
- 10. Consequences of the Visigoth conquest of the Iberian Peninsula Hispanic subjects (former Roman citizens) accepted Visigoth’s rules. And when Visigoths converted into catholicism they finally intermingled. The lack of security after the Germanic invasions broke up trading. People left the cities and return to the country to farm their own nourishment. A new legal code mixed Germanic and Roman law. Art became less impressive as there wasn’t enough money to spend on architecture. Palaces and churches were built with poor materials. The most important art pieces were Visigoth crowns made of gold and jewels for the king to give as a present to God for His help on the battlefield.
- 12. Developed by María Jesús Campos Chusteacher wikiteacher