The 1920s saw the rise of organized crime in the United States fueled by Prohibition. Gangs like Al Capone's in Chicago made millions bootlegging illegal alcohol. Speakeasies sprung up secretly serving alcohol while bootleggers smuggled it in from places like Canada. Moonshiners also made homemade liquor that sometimes harmed or killed people. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and increased crime instead, leading to its repeal in 1933 by the 21st Amendment.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. • Republican EraRepublican Era
The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age
The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation
Boom to BustBoom to Bust
The Roaring '20'sThe Roaring '20's
Decade of NormalcyDecade of Normalcy
Prosperity DecadeProsperity Decade
Prohibition EraProhibition Era
• The Advertising AgeThe Advertising Age
• The Golden Age of SportsThe Golden Age of Sports
11. The PalmerThe Palmer
RaidsRaids
The Attorney General used the attacks to initiate a
widespread clamp-down on radicalism. He brought in the
young and ambitious Justice Department lawyer, J. Edgar
Hoover, to head a campaign of raids and mass arrests. Later
known as the "Palmer raids," the widespread attack on
radicals were largely Hoover's operation. He organized raids
to be carried out in three different cities on January 2, 1920.
Not possessing search or arrest warrants, the enforcers paid
no regard to who was and who was not guilty of anything
illegal. In the end, mass arrests were made and 249 people
were deported including the prominent anarchists Emma
Goldman and Alexander Berkman. Hysteria hit an all time
high when Palmer announced that there would be an
attempted Communist takeover on May 1st
, 1920, but when it
didn’t happen, the hysteria dissipated.
Emma Goldman and Alexander BerkmanJ. Edgar HooverMitchell Palmer
14. Sacco andSacco and
VanzettiVanzetti
On April 15, 1920, two men robbed and
murdered a paymaster and his guard as
they transferred $15,776 from the Slater
and Morrill Shoe factory. Three weeks
later, in the spirit of the anti-immigrant,
anti-communist times, two Italian immigrants and known
anarchists, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, were
accused and arrested for the crime, despite the scant
evidence against them. Following a seven-week trial which
many considered very unfairly manipulated by Judge Thayer,
Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted on circumstantial
evidence of capital murder and sentenced to death. Sacco
and Vanzetti appealed their convictions and got a lot of
support from those who opposed the death penalty and
racism, but they lost and were executed in 1927.
17. Immigration in the 1920’sImmigration in the 1920’s
• The Immigration Act of 1924 (National OriginsThe Immigration Act of 1924 (National Origins
Act/Asian Exclusion Act) greatly reduced immigrationAct/Asian Exclusion Act) greatly reduced immigration
to USto US
– The law was aimed at restricting immigration ofThe law was aimed at restricting immigration of
Southern Europeans, Eastern Europeans, and JewsSouthern Europeans, Eastern Europeans, and Jews
– Severely restricted the immigration of Africans andSeverely restricted the immigration of Africans and
prohibited the immigration of Arabs, East Asians,prohibited the immigration of Arabs, East Asians,
and Indiansand Indians
– The purpose of the act was "to preserve the ideal ofThe purpose of the act was "to preserve the ideal of
American homogeneity“American homogeneity“
– W.A.S.P.W.A.S.P.
23. 4 Power Treaty4 Power Treaty
• US, GB, France, JapanUS, GB, France, Japan
• Each country would respect each otherEach country would respect each other
possessions in the Pacificpossessions in the Pacific
24. 5 Power Treaty5 Power Treaty
• Same as 4 plus ItalySame as 4 plus Italy
• Freeze navies at 1921 levelsFreeze navies at 1921 levels
25. 9 Power Treaty9 Power Treaty
• Above plus Netherlands, Portugal,Above plus Netherlands, Portugal,
Belgium and ChinaBelgium and China
• Keep “open door” in ChinaKeep “open door” in China
• Promise Chinese independencePromise Chinese independence
31. What impact did automobiles haveWhat impact did automobiles have
on the United States?on the United States?
• Link to 1920’s carsLink to 1920’s cars
46. Rural vs. UrbanRural vs. Urban
• 1920 Census- 51.2 people lived in cities of1920 Census- 51.2 people lived in cities of
2,500 or more2,500 or more
• 1922-1929-more than 2 million people1922-1929-more than 2 million people
moved from farms to the cities each yearmoved from farms to the cities each year
• Rural areas tried to hold on to moralRural areas tried to hold on to moral
values and close social relationshipsvalues and close social relationships
47. The Urban SceneThe Urban Scene
• Largest citiesLargest cities
1.1. New York City(5.6 million)New York City(5.6 million)
2.2. Chicago(3 million)Chicago(3 million)
3.3. Philadelphia(2 million)Philadelphia(2 million)
4.4. 65 other cities had over 100,000 people65 other cities had over 100,000 people
Cities tolerated drinking, gambling and casualCities tolerated drinking, gambling and casual
dating!!!dating!!!
48. Prohibition “The Noble Experiment”Prohibition “The Noble Experiment”
• 1818thth
Amendment(1920-1933)Amendment(1920-1933)
– The manufacture, sale and transportation ofThe manufacture, sale and transportation of
alcoholic beverages was illegalalcoholic beverages was illegal
– Supporters believed alcohol brought aboutSupporters believed alcohol brought about
corruption, crime, wife and child abuse andcorruption, crime, wife and child abuse and
accidentsaccidents
– Supporters came mostly from rural SouthSupporters came mostly from rural South
and West(areas with a lot of Protestants)and West(areas with a lot of Protestants)
– Anti-Saloon League and Women’s ChristianAnti-Saloon League and Women’s Christian
Temperence Union led the attack on alcoholTemperence Union led the attack on alcohol
49. ProhibitionProhibition
• Alcohol was allowed for medicinalAlcohol was allowed for medicinal
and religious purposesand religious purposes
• Prescriptions and sacramentalPrescriptions and sacramental
wine orders skyrocketedwine orders skyrocketed
50. ProhibitionProhibition
• At first saloons closed and drunkenessAt first saloons closed and drunkeness
went downwent down
• The Volstead Act created theThe Volstead Act created the
Prohibition Bureau to enforce the lawProhibition Bureau to enforce the law
• Prohibition failed for three reasons:Prohibition failed for three reasons:
1.1. People despised it. Saw it asPeople despised it. Saw it as
government meddling in people’sgovernment meddling in people’s
liveslives
2.2. The Prohibition Bureau wasThe Prohibition Bureau was
underfunded. Had 1,500 people tounderfunded. Had 1,500 people to
supervise the country.supervise the country.
3.3. Organized crime becameOrganized crime became
55. Bootlegging in the 1920'sBootlegging in the 1920's
• Illegally making or distributing alcoholIllegally making or distributing alcohol
• BootleggersBootleggers
- people that made or transported alcohol- people that made or transported alcohol
– Named because people carried liquor inNamed because people carried liquor in
the legs of bootsthe legs of boots
– Most imported alcohol came in fromMost imported alcohol came in from
Canada, Cuba or the West IndiesCanada, Cuba or the West Indies
58. The biggest threat to the bootleggerThe biggest threat to the bootlegger
was not the Prohibition Bureau orwas not the Prohibition Bureau or
police but….police but….
HijackingHijacking
.
59. MoonshineMoonshine
• Alcohol made secretlyAlcohol made secretly
in home made stillsin home made stills
• Several hundredSeveral hundred
people a yearpeople a year dieddied
from drinkingfrom drinking
moonshine during themoonshine during the
1920s1920s
• In 1929 it is estimatedIn 1929 it is estimated
that 700 million gallonsthat 700 million gallons
of beer were producedof beer were produced
in American homesin American homes
60. SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies
• To obtain alcohol illegally, people wentTo obtain alcohol illegally, people went
underground to secret bars callunderground to secret bars call
speakeasiesspeakeasies(people spoke easily or(people spoke easily or
quietly about it)quietly about it)
• Speakeasies could be anywhereSpeakeasies could be anywhere
• To be admitted a card or password had toTo be admitted a card or password had to
be givenbe given
61.
62.
63.
64. Organized CrimeOrganized Crime
• Came about as a result of ProhibitionCame about as a result of Prohibition
• Every major city had it’s gangEvery major city had it’s gang
• Al Capone’s bootlegging business inAl Capone’s bootlegging business in
Chicago made over $60 million a yearChicago made over $60 million a year
• Due to gang violence, only 19% ofDue to gang violence, only 19% of
Americans supported Prohibition by 1925Americans supported Prohibition by 1925
• Prohibition was repealed in 1933 by theProhibition was repealed in 1933 by the
2121stst
AmendmentAmendment
70. Science vs ReligionScience vs Religion
• There was a struggle between theThere was a struggle between the
modern scientific people and themodern scientific people and the
Christian fundamentalistsChristian fundamentalists
• Fundamentalists believed everythingFundamentalists believed everything
could be explained by the Biblecould be explained by the Bible
• They disagreed with the theory ofThey disagreed with the theory of
evolution especiallyevolution especially
72. The Scopes Monkey TrialThe Scopes Monkey Trial
• In 1925, Tennessee passed the first lawIn 1925, Tennessee passed the first law
making it illegal to teach evolution inmaking it illegal to teach evolution in
schoolschool
• The American Civil Liberties Union(ACLU)The American Civil Liberties Union(ACLU)
said it would defend any teacher willing tosaid it would defend any teacher willing to
break the lawbreak the law
• John Scopes, biology teacher fromJohn Scopes, biology teacher from
Dayton, accepted.Dayton, accepted.
74. Scopes-Monkey TrialScopes-Monkey Trial
• Scopes taught evolution and was arrestedScopes taught evolution and was arrested
• Clarence Darrow was hired by the ACLUClarence Darrow was hired by the ACLU
to defend Scopesto defend Scopes
• William Jennings Bryan was the specialWilliam Jennings Bryan was the special
prosecutorprosecutor
• Scopes did not deny teaching evolutionScopes did not deny teaching evolution
• Trial was really about evolution in schoolsTrial was really about evolution in schools
77. Scopes Monkey TrialScopes Monkey Trial
• Darrow called Bryan to the stand andDarrow called Bryan to the stand and
asked him questions about the Bibleasked him questions about the Bible
• Darrow made Bryan look foolishDarrow made Bryan look foolish
• In the end, Scopes was found guiltyIn the end, Scopes was found guilty
and fined $100and fined $100
78.
79. Buying on CreditBuying on Credit
• ““Buy now, pay later”Buy now, pay later”
• Stocks marketStocks market
was boomingwas booming
– Buying on marginBuying on margin
81. Cult of DomesticityCult of Domesticity
• Developed throughout 1800’sDeveloped throughout 1800’s
• The ideal of womanhood had fourThe ideal of womanhood had four
characteristics:characteristics:
• 1. Piety1. Piety
• 2. Purity2. Purity
• 3. Domesticity3. Domesticity
• 4. Submissiveness4. Submissiveness
82. • World War I
interrupted the
campaign for woman
suffrage
• Women took the
men’s jobs in WWI
showing the country
that they could do
hard work
World War I(1917-1918)World War I(1917-1918)
83. Finally, on Aug. 20, 1920, the 19th
Amendment became part of the United
States Constitution when Tennessee
became the 36th
state to ratify it.
84. 1919thth
AmendmentAmendment
““The right of citizens of the United States toThe right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged byvote shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or by any State onthe United States or by any State on
account of sex. Congress shall haveaccount of sex. Congress shall have
power to enforce this article by appropriatepower to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.legislation.””
85. The Roaring 20’sThe Roaring 20’s
• The 1920’s were aThe 1920’s were a
good decade forgood decade for
women’s rightswomen’s rights
• 1919thth
AmendmentAmendment
• Flapper girlsFlapper girls
• Going to collegeGoing to college
moremore
• Working more outsideWorking more outside
the homethe home
86. Margaret SangerMargaret Sanger
• In 1921, she founded theIn 1921, she founded the
American Birth ControlAmerican Birth Control
League (ABCL)League (ABCL)
– Today known asToday known as
Planned ParenthoodPlanned Parenthood
• Women were then able toWomen were then able to
control their own bodies.control their own bodies.
• This movement educatedThis movement educated
women about existingwomen about existing
birth control methods.birth control methods.
87. EducationEducation
• By 1928, women wereBy 1928, women were
earning 39% of theearning 39% of the
college degrees given incollege degrees given in
the United Statesthe United States
• In 1900, it was 19%In 1900, it was 19%
• What % do you think it isWhat % do you think it is
today?today?
• Almost 60%Almost 60%
88. 1928 Olympics1928 Olympics
• These were the firstThese were the first
Olympics that women wereOlympics that women were
allowed to compete in.allowed to compete in.
• There were manyThere were many
arguments about thesearguments about these
actions.actions.
– Some argued that it wasSome argued that it was
historically inappropriatehistorically inappropriate
since women did notsince women did not
compete in ancientcompete in ancient
Greek Olympics.Greek Olympics.
– Others said that physicalOthers said that physical
competition wascompetition was
“injurious” to women.“injurious” to women.
The 1928 Dutch Women’s
Gymnastics team. They won the
gold medal in the group event.
89. ““Pink Collared” Jobs-1920’s-1970’sPink Collared” Jobs-1920’s-1970’s
• Gave women a taste of theGave women a taste of the
work world.work world.
• Low paying serviceLow paying service
occupations.occupations.
• Made less money thanMade less money than
men did doing the samemen did doing the same
jobs.jobs.
– Examples of jobs:Examples of jobs:
• SecretariesSecretaries
• TeachersTeachers
• Telephone operatorsTelephone operators
• NursesNurses
90. The FlapperThe Flapper
• Short hairShort hair
• Short dressesShort dresses
• ShapelessShapeless
dresses-eliminateddresses-eliminated
corsets-see nextcorsets-see next
slideslide
• Smoked, drank inSmoked, drank in
public and earnedpublic and earned
their own moneytheir own money
91.
92. • Author F. Scott Fitzgerald described flappers as
“Lovely, expensive and about 19”.
• “In the 1920’s, a new woman was born. She
smoked, drank, danced and voted. She cut her
hair, wore make-up, and went to petting parties.
She was giddy and took risks. She was a flapper.”
• Speaking to 1,500 students at Wellesley College in
1921, Mrs. Augustus Trowbridge condemned "the
vulgarity and revolting badness of petting parties."
• She said that these “loose-moraled gatherings —
along with jazz music, unchaperoned dancing and
lipstick — were symptomatic of a decadent
society.”
• Snugglepupping-Flappers--Link
93.
94. • Snugglepupping was common in highSnugglepupping was common in high
schools and collegesschools and colleges
• "Girls like to be called snuggle-puppies,""Girls like to be called snuggle-puppies,"
one school administrator told a newsone school administrator told a news
reporter. "They grant the boys liberties.reporter. "They grant the boys liberties.
Encourage them to take them and if theEncourage them to take them and if the
young chaps do not, they are calledyoung chaps do not, they are called
'sissies‘ or a 'flat tire.' “'sissies‘ or a 'flat tire.' “
• Eventually spread to carsEventually spread to cars
• Died out by the end of the 1930’sDied out by the end of the 1930’s
95. Clara BowClara Bow
• Became THE flapperBecame THE flapper
of the 1920’sof the 1920’s
• She appeared in 58She appeared in 58
films between 1922films between 1922
and 1933and 1933
• Seen as the leadingSeen as the leading
sex symbol of thesex symbol of the
1920’s’1920’s’
96. FlapperFlapper
• Not all women in the 1920s were flappersNot all women in the 1920s were flappers
• Most were traditional-stay at home, do theMost were traditional-stay at home, do the
housework, etc.housework, etc.
• Flappers mostly were Northern, urban,Flappers mostly were Northern, urban,
single, young, middle-classsingle, young, middle-class
Mount, Steve. "U.S Constitution- Amendment 19." The U.S. Constitution Online. 2007. 31 May 2007 <http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_Am19.html>.
-Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.
-Graduation. 1926. Historical Timeline of the University of Idaho. University of Idaho. 1 June 2007 <http://www.lib.uidaho.edu/special-collections/timeline.htm>.
-"1920s." Women of the Century. 2006. Discovery Channel. 1 June 2007 <http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/womenofthecentury/decadebydecade/1920s.html>.
-"Sports: Track & Field--the 1928 Olympics." HerStory. 2007. 1 June 2007 <http://library2.usask.ca/herstory/field.html>.
-1928 Olympics. 1928. Amsterdam. The Holocaust. 1 June 2007 <http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/zcd078.htm>.
-Patterson, June. "Telephone Operators in Hazard 1961." Hazard Kentucky and Perry County; a Photo History. 1961. 29 May 2007 <http://hazardkentucky.com/haznet/index.shtml>.