The 1920s in America saw significant social and cultural changes following World War I. The Republican administrations of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge promoted business interests and a return to "normalcy." However, the Teapot Dome Scandal tarnished Harding's presidency. Women gained new freedoms in the 1920s as flappers challenged traditional gender norms, but still faced workplace discrimination. Prohibition sparked growth in organized crime as gangsters profited from bootlegging alcohol, despite government failure to enforce the law which was later repealed. Urbanization and the Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities also transformed American society in the 1920s.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. Some key events and trends summarized are:
1) The Republican party and Warren G. Harding came to power promising a return to "normalcy" after World War I. However, scandals like the Teapot Dome scandal tarnished Harding's administration.
2) The 1920s saw cultural changes like Prohibition, women gaining new freedoms, the rise of jazz music and the Harlem Renaissance, and new technologies like radio and movies becoming popular forms of entertainment.
3) The economy generally prospered in the 1920s under policies of laissez-faire capitalism, but the stock market crash of
In 1898, the United States asserted itself as a world power through military expansion and imperialism. This watershed year saw the U.S. annex Hawaii, defeat Spain in the Spanish-American War, and gain control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The U.S. victory over Spain's outdated navy demonstrated America's emergence as a modern naval power and triggered the nation's rise on the global stage.
1. The document provides an overview of several key events and issues leading up to the American Civil War, including the growth of industry in the North, the Mexican-American War and acquisition of territory, the discovery of gold in California, the Dred Scott decision, the rise of the abolitionist movement, and increasing tensions over the issue of slavery.
2. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860 on the Republican ticket, whose victory alarmed the southern states and led to the secession of seven states before Lincoln even took office and the start of the Civil War.
3. The document examines multiple perspectives on slavery and the factors that led the nation to the brink of war over the issue of states' rights and the future
The GI Bill provided college education and home loans for WWII veterans, fueling economic growth. Millions of veterans started families and careers. Truman integrated the armed forces and pushed for civil rights legislation. The postwar period saw a boom in suburban development and consumerism. New technologies like television and highways changed American life. Rock music emerged as a symbol of youth culture amid concerns over juvenile delinquency.
The document provides background information on American imperialism between 1877-1914. It discusses the various reasons the US began to expand overseas including commercial interests in new markets and resources, military strategic interests, beliefs in social Darwinism and white supremacy, and religious missionary goals. Specific territories acquired by the US through conquest or purchase are examined, including Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Conflicts that contributed to expansion like the Spanish-American War and Boxer Rebellion are summarized. The document also notes both pro-imperialist and anti-imperialist perspectives in the US at the time.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century following the closing of the western frontier. It explores the forces pushing for overseas expansion, including commercial interests in new markets and raw materials, strategic military interests, and beliefs in cultural superiority. The Spanish-American War of 1898 resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This raised debates around U.S. imperialism and whether territorial expansion abroad violated principles of self-government and democracy.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
This document provides a summary of the history of California from the late 19th century to the 1940s. It discusses the development of statewide water systems through dams and aqueducts, the growth of cities and industries, economic booms and busts, the rise of labor movements and strikes, population changes, and California's role in World War 2 including the internment of Japanese Americans. Major topics covered include the expansion of infrastructure for water, transportation, and construction; the rise of the film industry in Hollywood; impacts of the Great Depression and New Deal; and social tensions during World War 2.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. Some key events and trends summarized are:
1) The Republican party and Warren G. Harding came to power promising a return to "normalcy" after World War I. However, scandals like the Teapot Dome scandal tarnished Harding's administration.
2) The 1920s saw cultural changes like Prohibition, women gaining new freedoms, the rise of jazz music and the Harlem Renaissance, and new technologies like radio and movies becoming popular forms of entertainment.
3) The economy generally prospered in the 1920s under policies of laissez-faire capitalism, but the stock market crash of
In 1898, the United States asserted itself as a world power through military expansion and imperialism. This watershed year saw the U.S. annex Hawaii, defeat Spain in the Spanish-American War, and gain control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The U.S. victory over Spain's outdated navy demonstrated America's emergence as a modern naval power and triggered the nation's rise on the global stage.
1. The document provides an overview of several key events and issues leading up to the American Civil War, including the growth of industry in the North, the Mexican-American War and acquisition of territory, the discovery of gold in California, the Dred Scott decision, the rise of the abolitionist movement, and increasing tensions over the issue of slavery.
2. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860 on the Republican ticket, whose victory alarmed the southern states and led to the secession of seven states before Lincoln even took office and the start of the Civil War.
3. The document examines multiple perspectives on slavery and the factors that led the nation to the brink of war over the issue of states' rights and the future
The GI Bill provided college education and home loans for WWII veterans, fueling economic growth. Millions of veterans started families and careers. Truman integrated the armed forces and pushed for civil rights legislation. The postwar period saw a boom in suburban development and consumerism. New technologies like television and highways changed American life. Rock music emerged as a symbol of youth culture amid concerns over juvenile delinquency.
The document provides background information on American imperialism between 1877-1914. It discusses the various reasons the US began to expand overseas including commercial interests in new markets and resources, military strategic interests, beliefs in social Darwinism and white supremacy, and religious missionary goals. Specific territories acquired by the US through conquest or purchase are examined, including Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Conflicts that contributed to expansion like the Spanish-American War and Boxer Rebellion are summarized. The document also notes both pro-imperialist and anti-imperialist perspectives in the US at the time.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century following the closing of the western frontier. It explores the forces pushing for overseas expansion, including commercial interests in new markets and raw materials, strategic military interests, and beliefs in cultural superiority. The Spanish-American War of 1898 resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This raised debates around U.S. imperialism and whether territorial expansion abroad violated principles of self-government and democracy.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
This document provides a summary of the history of California from the late 19th century to the 1940s. It discusses the development of statewide water systems through dams and aqueducts, the growth of cities and industries, economic booms and busts, the rise of labor movements and strikes, population changes, and California's role in World War 2 including the internment of Japanese Americans. Major topics covered include the expansion of infrastructure for water, transportation, and construction; the rise of the film industry in Hollywood; impacts of the Great Depression and New Deal; and social tensions during World War 2.
This document discusses the expansion of American influence overseas from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. It was driven by commercial interests seeking new markets and resources, a belief in Social Darwinism and American exceptionalism, strategic interests in the Pacific, and missionary activities. Key events discussed include the annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War which made the US a colonial power, the building of the Panama Canal, Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, and Wilson's moral diplomacy. American interventions in Latin America and Asia increased over this period as US economic and political power grew.
The document outlines a lesson plan on the topic of American imperialism and empire. It discusses having students analyze reasons for US expansion through history, examine arguments for and against imperialism, identify motivations like economic and military factors in a historical advertisement, and consider debates around whether the US engaged in imperialist actions or was an empire in the 20th century.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century after abandoning isolationism. It explores the economic, strategic, and cultural motivations for expansion, including the Spanish-American War which resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Debate ensued over whether to grant independence to the new territories or adopt an imperialist policy, with opponents arguing it violated American ideals.
The document discusses the events leading up to the American Revolutionary War and Declaration of Independence. It describes how the French and Indian War led Britain to impose taxes on the colonies to repay war debts, angering colonists and sparking protests. Key events discussed include the Boston Massacre, Tea Party, and Intolerable Acts, leading the Second Continental Congress to draft the Declaration of Independence in 1776 declaring independence from Britain. The war then began between American and British forces.
1. America became a colonial power in the late 19th century due to growing commercial and business interests in foreign trade and investments, strategic and naval interests, beliefs in social Darwinism and white supremacy, religious missionary activities, and the closing of the American frontier.
2. The US annexed Hawaii, acquired Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through war and treaty after the Spanish-American War of 1898, and intervened frequently in Latin America.
3. By the early 20th century, the US emerged as a major Pacific power and global imperial actor seeking political and economic influence around the world.
1. The document discusses America's growing imperialism between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It explores commercial, strategic, social, and religious motivations for expansion.
2. Examples covered include the annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War which resulted in gains of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and involvement in China through the Boxer Rebellion and Open Door Policy.
3. The document also examines America's growing influence in the Pacific through acquiring territories like Hawaii, the Philippines, and building the Panama Canal, establishing itself as a Pacific power.
Here are 3 potential sources for information on Christopher Columbus and early American history:
1. Garasan R.I. Anglo-American Countries - Ternopil: SMP "Aston", 1998.-96p. This book may contain background information on Christopher Columbus's voyage and early European exploration and colonization of North America.
2. Karpenko O.V. Focus on the USA. English student’s book.- Kharkiv. : Vesta: Vid-vo «Ranok», 2006.-80p. As the title suggests, this book focuses specifically on the history and culture of the United States and would likely cover Christopher Columbus and the early colonial period.
3. Koganov
United States imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries involved expanding overseas through annexing territories like Hawaii and building influence in Latin America and Asia. This was driven by notions of Manifest Destiny and bolstered by emerging American naval and economic power under presidents like Theodore Roosevelt. The Spanish-American War marked the U.S. emergence as a world power, gaining control of former Spanish colonies. However, Woodrow Wilson's calls for postwar peace and self-determination were only partly realized, and the U.S. returned to isolationism after World War I.
The document discusses postwar conditions in America following World War I. There was a desire for normalcy after the war and losses that led to renewed isolationism, nativism, and political conservatism. The Russian Revolution and fears of communism led to the Red Scare and attacks on civil liberties through the Palmer Raids. Immigration was increasingly restricted through the quota system of the 1920s. Warren G. Harding was elected in 1920 on a promise of returning to normalcy, but his administration was plagued by scandals.
American imperialism at the turn of the 20th century expanded U.S. influence and established it as a world power through overseas territorial acquisitions and the projection of military and economic power. The U.S. acquired Alaska from Russia in 1867, took control of Hawaii in 1898, and gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War. The U.S. then established political control over Cuba and built the Panama Canal to further economic and strategic interests. Under presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, the U.S. developed foreign policies of military intervention and dollar diplomacy to expand its sphere of influence, especially in Latin America.
The document discusses the United States' increasing involvement in international affairs in the late 19th century. It describes how the US expanded its influence through territorial acquisitions like Alaska and island groups in the Pacific, as well as military and political interventions in China, Hawaii, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. By the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898, the US had established itself as a world power controlling new overseas colonies and influencing the geopolitics of Asia.
Hogan's History- American Imperialism [Updated 13 Apr 2015]William Hogan
The document discusses American imperialism following the Spanish-American War of 1898. Key reasons for American imperialism included acquiring new territory, finding new markets for economic growth, national security concerns, and maintaining national pride. The war resulted in the U.S. gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain in addition to freeing Cuba from Spanish rule, making the U.S. an imperial power for the first time.
The document discusses the history of immigration and ethnic diversity in the United States over several centuries. It describes how the earliest settlers were from northern Europe, followed by large waves of immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from central, eastern and southern Europe as well as Asia. It also discusses the ethnic and racial conflicts that arose from the discrimination faced by minority groups, particularly African Americans who were brought to the country as slaves.
1. The document discusses the growing influence and interests of the United States in foreign affairs between the late 19th century and early 20th century.
2. These interests included commercial expansion, strategic and military concerns related to naval power, social Darwinist thinking, religious missionary activities, and closing the American frontier.
3. Key events discussed include the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Spanish-American War, the annexation of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, the building of the Panama Canal, and various military interventions in Latin America in this time period.
The Teapot Dome Scandal of the 1920s stunned Americans by exposing widespread corruption in the federal government. Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall illegally leased U.S. naval oil reserves to private oil companies for personal gain, accepting bribes from oil barons like Edward Doheny and Harry Sinclair. A Senate investigation resulted in Fall becoming the first cabinet member imprisoned for crimes committed in office. The scandal contributed to declining support for President Warren G. Harding's administration and motivated future reforms to prevent such corruption.
The Americans Chapter 10 America claims an empirekprice70
The document provides an overview of American imperialism and expansionism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the acquisition of Alaska, Midway Islands, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines, and efforts to build a canal in Panama. It also covers the Open Door policy in China and interventions in Latin America, especially Mexico during this time period. The U.S. sought to increase its global influence and protect economic and strategic interests through these imperialist ventures and policies.
The document discusses why the United States did not join the League of Nations after World War I. Henry Cabot Lodge and other Republicans opposed U.S. membership due to concerns that Article X of the League charter would require the U.S. to take military action according to the League's decisions without regard for American interests. While Woodrow Wilson strongly advocated for the League and American involvement after winning the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize, the Republican-controlled Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles that established the League. As a result, the U.S. remained outside of the League when it began operations after World War I.
1. In the late 19th century, America joined the imperialist efforts of other world powers due to growing commercial, strategic, and social interests. This included expanding foreign trade and investments.
2. The U.S. took control of Hawaii and Puerto Rico, and fought the Spanish-American War to gain control over Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam. This marked America's emergence as a colonial power.
3. In the early 20th century, America continued expanding its influence through activities like the construction of the Panama Canal and policies like the Open Door Policy in China and Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
American imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th century was driven by four main factors:
1) Business interests seeking new markets and raw materials as industrial capacity grew.
2) A belief in social Darwinism and the white man's burden to civilize other races.
3) The closing of the American frontier increasing the focus outward.
4) Growing military and strategic interests to secure new naval bases and protect business investments abroad.
This led the U.S. to aggressively expand its influence and territory through wars in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as well as political and economic dominance in Latin America and Asia through the early 1900s.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act:
A. Made Kansas and Nebraska new territories
B. Allowed people to use popular sovereignty in those new territories to decide whether to allow slavery or not. This cancelled the Missouri Compromise line.
C. Did not make slavery illegal, it allowed popular sovereignty to decide.
D. Did not make slavery legal either, it allowed popular sovereignty to decide.
The key aspect was that it allowed popular sovereignty, cancelling the Missouri Compromise line and allowing each territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties. After World War I, the US experienced a period of isolationism under Republican leadership. Warren G. Harding was elected president in 1920 on a platform of "normalcy" and reducing taxes and regulations. However, his administration became embroiled in scandals like the Teapot Dome affair. Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding and pursued business-friendly policies as America embraced consumerism fueled by the automobile industry. Cultural conflicts arose from immigration restrictions, the Red Scare, racial tensions like the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, and the Sacco and Vanzetti case.
The 1920s saw the rise of organized crime in the United States fueled by Prohibition. Gangs like Al Capone's in Chicago made millions bootlegging illegal alcohol. Speakeasies sprung up secretly serving alcohol while bootleggers smuggled it in from places like Canada. Moonshiners also made homemade liquor that sometimes harmed or killed people. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and increased crime instead, leading to its repeal in 1933 by the 21st Amendment.
This document discusses the expansion of American influence overseas from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. It was driven by commercial interests seeking new markets and resources, a belief in Social Darwinism and American exceptionalism, strategic interests in the Pacific, and missionary activities. Key events discussed include the annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War which made the US a colonial power, the building of the Panama Canal, Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, and Wilson's moral diplomacy. American interventions in Latin America and Asia increased over this period as US economic and political power grew.
The document outlines a lesson plan on the topic of American imperialism and empire. It discusses having students analyze reasons for US expansion through history, examine arguments for and against imperialism, identify motivations like economic and military factors in a historical advertisement, and consider debates around whether the US engaged in imperialist actions or was an empire in the 20th century.
The document discusses America's expansion overseas in the late 19th century after abandoning isolationism. It explores the economic, strategic, and cultural motivations for expansion, including the Spanish-American War which resulted in the U.S. acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Debate ensued over whether to grant independence to the new territories or adopt an imperialist policy, with opponents arguing it violated American ideals.
The document discusses the events leading up to the American Revolutionary War and Declaration of Independence. It describes how the French and Indian War led Britain to impose taxes on the colonies to repay war debts, angering colonists and sparking protests. Key events discussed include the Boston Massacre, Tea Party, and Intolerable Acts, leading the Second Continental Congress to draft the Declaration of Independence in 1776 declaring independence from Britain. The war then began between American and British forces.
1. America became a colonial power in the late 19th century due to growing commercial and business interests in foreign trade and investments, strategic and naval interests, beliefs in social Darwinism and white supremacy, religious missionary activities, and the closing of the American frontier.
2. The US annexed Hawaii, acquired Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through war and treaty after the Spanish-American War of 1898, and intervened frequently in Latin America.
3. By the early 20th century, the US emerged as a major Pacific power and global imperial actor seeking political and economic influence around the world.
1. The document discusses America's growing imperialism between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It explores commercial, strategic, social, and religious motivations for expansion.
2. Examples covered include the annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War which resulted in gains of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and involvement in China through the Boxer Rebellion and Open Door Policy.
3. The document also examines America's growing influence in the Pacific through acquiring territories like Hawaii, the Philippines, and building the Panama Canal, establishing itself as a Pacific power.
Here are 3 potential sources for information on Christopher Columbus and early American history:
1. Garasan R.I. Anglo-American Countries - Ternopil: SMP "Aston", 1998.-96p. This book may contain background information on Christopher Columbus's voyage and early European exploration and colonization of North America.
2. Karpenko O.V. Focus on the USA. English student’s book.- Kharkiv. : Vesta: Vid-vo «Ranok», 2006.-80p. As the title suggests, this book focuses specifically on the history and culture of the United States and would likely cover Christopher Columbus and the early colonial period.
3. Koganov
United States imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries involved expanding overseas through annexing territories like Hawaii and building influence in Latin America and Asia. This was driven by notions of Manifest Destiny and bolstered by emerging American naval and economic power under presidents like Theodore Roosevelt. The Spanish-American War marked the U.S. emergence as a world power, gaining control of former Spanish colonies. However, Woodrow Wilson's calls for postwar peace and self-determination were only partly realized, and the U.S. returned to isolationism after World War I.
The document discusses postwar conditions in America following World War I. There was a desire for normalcy after the war and losses that led to renewed isolationism, nativism, and political conservatism. The Russian Revolution and fears of communism led to the Red Scare and attacks on civil liberties through the Palmer Raids. Immigration was increasingly restricted through the quota system of the 1920s. Warren G. Harding was elected in 1920 on a promise of returning to normalcy, but his administration was plagued by scandals.
American imperialism at the turn of the 20th century expanded U.S. influence and established it as a world power through overseas territorial acquisitions and the projection of military and economic power. The U.S. acquired Alaska from Russia in 1867, took control of Hawaii in 1898, and gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War. The U.S. then established political control over Cuba and built the Panama Canal to further economic and strategic interests. Under presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, the U.S. developed foreign policies of military intervention and dollar diplomacy to expand its sphere of influence, especially in Latin America.
The document discusses the United States' increasing involvement in international affairs in the late 19th century. It describes how the US expanded its influence through territorial acquisitions like Alaska and island groups in the Pacific, as well as military and political interventions in China, Hawaii, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. By the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898, the US had established itself as a world power controlling new overseas colonies and influencing the geopolitics of Asia.
Hogan's History- American Imperialism [Updated 13 Apr 2015]William Hogan
The document discusses American imperialism following the Spanish-American War of 1898. Key reasons for American imperialism included acquiring new territory, finding new markets for economic growth, national security concerns, and maintaining national pride. The war resulted in the U.S. gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain in addition to freeing Cuba from Spanish rule, making the U.S. an imperial power for the first time.
The document discusses the history of immigration and ethnic diversity in the United States over several centuries. It describes how the earliest settlers were from northern Europe, followed by large waves of immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from central, eastern and southern Europe as well as Asia. It also discusses the ethnic and racial conflicts that arose from the discrimination faced by minority groups, particularly African Americans who were brought to the country as slaves.
1. The document discusses the growing influence and interests of the United States in foreign affairs between the late 19th century and early 20th century.
2. These interests included commercial expansion, strategic and military concerns related to naval power, social Darwinist thinking, religious missionary activities, and closing the American frontier.
3. Key events discussed include the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Spanish-American War, the annexation of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, the building of the Panama Canal, and various military interventions in Latin America in this time period.
The Teapot Dome Scandal of the 1920s stunned Americans by exposing widespread corruption in the federal government. Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall illegally leased U.S. naval oil reserves to private oil companies for personal gain, accepting bribes from oil barons like Edward Doheny and Harry Sinclair. A Senate investigation resulted in Fall becoming the first cabinet member imprisoned for crimes committed in office. The scandal contributed to declining support for President Warren G. Harding's administration and motivated future reforms to prevent such corruption.
The Americans Chapter 10 America claims an empirekprice70
The document provides an overview of American imperialism and expansionism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses the acquisition of Alaska, Midway Islands, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines, and efforts to build a canal in Panama. It also covers the Open Door policy in China and interventions in Latin America, especially Mexico during this time period. The U.S. sought to increase its global influence and protect economic and strategic interests through these imperialist ventures and policies.
The document discusses why the United States did not join the League of Nations after World War I. Henry Cabot Lodge and other Republicans opposed U.S. membership due to concerns that Article X of the League charter would require the U.S. to take military action according to the League's decisions without regard for American interests. While Woodrow Wilson strongly advocated for the League and American involvement after winning the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize, the Republican-controlled Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles that established the League. As a result, the U.S. remained outside of the League when it began operations after World War I.
1. In the late 19th century, America joined the imperialist efforts of other world powers due to growing commercial, strategic, and social interests. This included expanding foreign trade and investments.
2. The U.S. took control of Hawaii and Puerto Rico, and fought the Spanish-American War to gain control over Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam. This marked America's emergence as a colonial power.
3. In the early 20th century, America continued expanding its influence through activities like the construction of the Panama Canal and policies like the Open Door Policy in China and Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
American imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th century was driven by four main factors:
1) Business interests seeking new markets and raw materials as industrial capacity grew.
2) A belief in social Darwinism and the white man's burden to civilize other races.
3) The closing of the American frontier increasing the focus outward.
4) Growing military and strategic interests to secure new naval bases and protect business investments abroad.
This led the U.S. to aggressively expand its influence and territory through wars in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as well as political and economic dominance in Latin America and Asia through the early 1900s.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act:
A. Made Kansas and Nebraska new territories
B. Allowed people to use popular sovereignty in those new territories to decide whether to allow slavery or not. This cancelled the Missouri Compromise line.
C. Did not make slavery illegal, it allowed popular sovereignty to decide.
D. Did not make slavery legal either, it allowed popular sovereignty to decide.
The key aspect was that it allowed popular sovereignty, cancelling the Missouri Compromise line and allowing each territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties. After World War I, the US experienced a period of isolationism under Republican leadership. Warren G. Harding was elected president in 1920 on a platform of "normalcy" and reducing taxes and regulations. However, his administration became embroiled in scandals like the Teapot Dome affair. Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding and pursued business-friendly policies as America embraced consumerism fueled by the automobile industry. Cultural conflicts arose from immigration restrictions, the Red Scare, racial tensions like the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, and the Sacco and Vanzetti case.
The 1920s saw the rise of organized crime in the United States fueled by Prohibition. Gangs like Al Capone's in Chicago made millions bootlegging illegal alcohol. Speakeasies sprung up secretly serving alcohol while bootleggers smuggled it in from places like Canada. Moonshiners also made homemade liquor that sometimes harmed or killed people. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and increased crime instead, leading to its repeal in 1933 by the 21st Amendment.
These here slides are about the Roaring 20sWhitney Easton
The 1920s in America saw a period of social and economic change following World War I. Republicans dominated politics under Presidents Harding and Coolidge, pursuing pro-business policies like tax cuts and deregulation. This led to rapid economic growth and widespread consumerism as new industries like automobiles flourished. However, corruption scandals tainted Harding's administration. Socially, immigration restrictions increased due to nativism, while the Ku Klux Klan saw a resurgence targeting Catholics, Jews and immigrants. Overall the decade was marked by economic prosperity, mass consumerism, and social tensions.
The document provides an overview of several key aspects of politics and society in the 1920s United States. It discusses the Red Scare and Palmer Raids targeting radicals after WWI. It also covers the Sacco and Vanzetti trial, Ku Klux Klan resurgence, restrictive immigration laws, Republican presidents and policies, and international treaties. Additionally, it summarizes Prohibition, organized crime, automobiles, aviation advances, the Scopes Trial debate, the roaring economy, and expanding women's rights including suffrage and birth control.
The document provides an overview of politics and society in the United States during the 1920s. Some key events and trends discussed include the Red Scare following WWI, the Palmer Raids targeting radicals, the Sacco and Vanzetti trial, immigration restrictions, prohibition, organized crime during prohibition led by figures like Al Capone, the Scopes Monkey Trial debate over teaching evolution, economic boom and bust period, and advances for women's rights including women's suffrage and access to birth control.
The Roaring 20s saw many social and political changes in the US following WWI. There was a Red Scare where suspected communists were persecuted following the Russian Revolution. Immigration was greatly restricted through the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. The Ku Klux Klan grew due to anti-immigrant sentiment. Politically, the Harding administration was rocked by scandals like Teapot Dome, where the Secretary of Interior illegally leased oil-rich lands. Culturally, the 1920s saw the rise of mass consumption fueled by new industries like automobiles and air travel, though some warned that unchecked prosperity could not last.
The document provides information on several key events and developments in the United States during the 1920s. It discusses the 16th and 17th Amendments, women's suffrage movement leader Susan B. Anthony, changes for women after WWI, the 19th Amendment granting women's right to vote, the prosperity of the 1920s, the Scopes Monkey Trial, Prohibition, the impact of the automobile, mass culture including movies and radio, fashion and music of the Jazz Age, American writers of the period, the Harlem Renaissance, heroes of the 1920s like Babe Ruth and Charles Lindbergh, Coolidge's presidency, installment buying and the booming stock market.
The document summarizes key aspects of the United States between 1917-1933. It describes the US becoming the leading industrial economy prior to 1917 due to its vast natural resources, large immigrant workforce, and technological innovation. After entering WWI reluctantly in 1917, the US adopted an isolationist stance afterwards due to its traditions, dislike of Europe, and fears over ideologies like communism. The 1920s saw economic boom and a culture of consumerism but was followed by the Great Depression starting with the stock market crash of 1929.
The 1920s in America saw significant cultural, social, and economic changes. New styles of music like jazz became popular. Women's fashion became more liberated as represented by the flapper style. Prohibition criminalized alcohol but led to the rise of organized crime. The automobile became widely available through companies like Ford, changing transportation and society. Racial tensions grew and the Ku Klux Klan expanded. New forms of media like film and radio also rose to prominence, reflecting and spreading the changes of the Roaring Twenties era.
The document summarizes several aspects of life in the United States during the 1920s (Jazz Age). It discusses how immigration was restricted through the National Origins Act of 1924, which set quotas based on country of origin. It also describes the Sacco and Vanzetti case, in which two Italian immigrants were convicted of murder amid nativist sentiment. Women gained more freedoms in the 1920s compared to the pre-WWI era, exemplified by the emerging "flapper" lifestyle, but still faced restrictions in politics and the workplace. The Ku Klux Klan grew in popularity during this time as well.
During the 1920s in the US, politics were dominated by the presidencies of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Harding's administration was tainted by scandal, while Coolidge pursued policies of deregulation and tax cuts. Society became more urbanized and consumerist. New technologies like the radio and movies popularized culture on a national scale. However, social changes encountered resistance from those clinging to traditional values, exemplified by the Scopes Trial. The period also saw tensions over immigration, nativism, and racial issues. Disillusioned writers like Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Lewis critiqued and commented on this changing era.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. It describes the rapid urbanization and demographic changes of the period. Women gained new freedoms during the 1920s as flappers challenged traditional roles. Prohibition sparked growth in organized crime as gangsters profited from bootlegging. The arts flourished through new media like radio and movies.
The 1920s saw many changes in the United States under President Calvin Coolidge. The economy initially struggled after World War I due to demobilization but later prospered, while new technologies like automobiles and mass production led to increased consumption. However, the decade was also marked by political scandals, racial tensions, prohibition, and immigration restrictions. The stock market boom eventually led to widespread speculation.
The Roaring Twenties were defined by three key factors: 1) Political progression as the US transitioned from WWI and elected Warren G. Harding to return the country to normalcy. 2) Advancements in technology like movies and radio that changed lifestyles. 3) Cultural shifts as the flapper lifestyle emerged and women gained new freedoms. Coming out of war, the 1920s saw the US undergo economic growth and social liberalization, capturing the spirit of change and exuberance associated with the term "The Roaring Twenties."
The document provides an overview of social, economic, and political developments in the United States during the 1920s, known as the "Roaring Twenties". Key events and trends discussed include labor unrest and strikes in 1919-1920; racial tensions and violence against African Americans; fears of communism and immigrants which led to attacks on civil liberties; the rise of organized crime during Prohibition; the Scopes Trial debate over teaching evolution; and economic boom followed by the stock market crash of 1929. Cultural developments like jazz music, flappers, and the Lost Generation are also summarized.
The document provides a review of key events and topics in American history from 1877 to WWII. It covers the end of Reconstruction, the Gilded Age and rise of industrialization, Progressivism, imperialism and the Spanish-American War, WWI, the Roaring 20s, the Great Depression and New Deal, and WWII. Major figures discussed include Rockefeller, Carnegie, Roosevelt, Wilson, and FDR. Economic, political, social and diplomatic developments are summarized.
The document provides an overview of life in the 1920s and the Great Depression. It discusses the post-war culture of the 1920s including flappers, music, and new technologies. It then covers the stock market crash of 1929 and the economic issues that led to the Great Depression such as unequal wealth distribution and excessive buying on credit. The document concludes with a summary of President Roosevelt's New Deal programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform to address the Depression.
The document provides background information on the political, economic, and social context of the 1920s in the United States. It discusses the presidencies of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge, as well as scandals during the Harding administration. Culturally, the 1920s saw modern trends like the flapper lifestyle, automobiles, movies, and the Harlem Renaissance. The economy boomed until the stock market crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression.
The Republican administrations of the 1920s under Harding and Coolidge pursued pro-business policies that weakened labor unions. This contributed to growing unrest among workers and fears of communist influence, known as the Red Scare. Two events that contributed to the Red Scare were the unfair trial and execution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti based on fears of foreign radicals, and the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan also due to fears of foreign influence.
The document provides context about the 1920s and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It summarizes the political, social, economic, and cultural aspects of the 1920s including the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties, Prohibition, the rise of organized crime, changing gender roles, the Harlem Renaissance, new technologies, and iconic works of literature from the period. The document also gives biographical details about Fitzgerald and analyzes themes from The Great Gatsby like the pursuit of the American Dream and the decline of moral standards in the era.
The document discusses many social, political, and economic aspects of the 1920s in the United States. It covers topics like immigration restrictions, labor strikes, the Red Scare led by Attorney General Palmer, the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, rural vs urban life, the Scopes Monkey Trial, consumerism fueled by advertising, the boom and bust of the stock market, struggles in agriculture, Prohibition, women gaining independence, and the cultural movements of the Lost Generation, Harlem Renaissance, and new architecture.
The document provides biographical information about three US Presidents from the 1920s - Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover - and discusses Hoover's background and career prior to becoming President. It notes that Harding won the presidency with 60% of the vote but had a scandal-plagued administration. Coolidge became president after Harding's death and pursued an isolationist foreign policy with tax cuts and limited aid to farmers. The document focuses on Hoover's career as a mining engineer, his relief work during World War I and aftermath in Belgium, his role leading US agricultural production during the war, and his position as Secretary of Commerce under Harding and Coolidge.
President Harding appointed some qualified people but also less qualified associates from Ohio who engaged in corruption. His Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall was found guilty of accepting bribes from oil companies and spent a year in jail for the Teapot Dome Scandal. Harding's successor, Calvin Coolidge, pursued laissez-faire economic policies and a small federal government. While industry prospered under Coolidge, farmers and unions saw declining standards of living. Coolidge chose not to run for re-election in 1928, paving the way for Herbert Hoover's candidacy.
The document provides an overview of politics and society in the United States during the 1920s. It discusses the rise of isolationism following WWI and fears over communism. Labor unrest increased as unions faced challenges. Under Presidents Harding and Coolidge, business prospered amid lax regulations but scandals emerged. New technologies like the automobile transformed industries and infrastructure while raising living standards, though some warned that not all signs pointed to lasting prosperity.
The 1920s in America saw significant social and economic changes. After World War I, the US experienced a period of isolationism, increased nativism, and fears over communism. Congress passed quotas limiting immigration from southern and eastern Europe. The Red Scare led to discrimination against radicals. The Ku Klux Klan grew rapidly during this period. Economically, the country saw widespread labor unrest and strikes. The automobile industry boomed, profoundly transforming infrastructure and society. By the late 1920s, many Americans believed the prosperity would continue indefinitely, but some problems were emerging in businesses and agriculture. Herbert Hoover was elected president in 1928 on promises of continued prosperity.
The document discusses several cultural changes that occurred in the United States during the 1920s. Prohibition led to the rise of illegal speakeasies and gangsters who profited from bootlegging alcohol. Nativism increased as seen through the controversial trial of Sacco and Vanzetti and new immigration quotas. The resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan targeted those deemed un-American and the group gained political influence. The flapper lifestyle represented a break from traditional norms through short skirts, bobbed hair, jazz music, and disregard for social conventions. The Harlem Renaissance also blossomed as a cultural movement among black artists and intellectuals.
The document analyzes how the car industry impacted U.S. society in the 1920s. Henry Ford used assembly lines to mass produce affordable cars like the Model T, lowering prices and enabling more Americans to purchase cars. This growing car industry supported related industries and boosted the overall economy through job and wage growth, fueling consumer spending and changing the landscape as suburbs expanded.
The document provides an overview of several key people, events, and developments that occurred in the United States during the 1920s. It mentions postwar isolationism, nativism, and fears of communism that led to the Palmer Raids and Sacco and Vanzetti trial. It also discusses social changes like Prohibition, the rise of fundamentalism, Scopes Trial, flappers and new styles for women. Additionally, it outlines technological innovations, the growth of consumerism, and cultural developments like the Harlem Renaissance and works of writers like Fitzgerald and Hemingway that captured the era.
Urbanization in late 19th to early 20th century America led to distinctive architectural developments in major cities like Chicago and New York. In Chicago, pioneers like Jenney, Sullivan, Burnham, and Wright designed innovative skyscrapers and other buildings that experimented with new uses of steel and functional floor plans. In New York, while less innovative than Chicago, distinctive skyscrapers like the Singer and Woolworth Buildings rose from the growing financial district, while infrastructure like Grand Central Terminal was constructed. However, urbanization also brought overcrowded and unsanitary tenement housing that exacerbated public health issues in immigrant neighborhoods across large cities.
The document summarizes key aspects of American politics during the Gilded Age:
1. There was intense voter loyalty to the two major political parties, the Democrats and Republicans, which led to a stalemate. Each party had well-defined voting blocs along ethnic, religious, and class lines.
2. The federal government practiced a very laissez-faire approach with minimal domestic involvement beyond basic functions.
3. Political machines and party bosses largely controlled the presidency, using federal jobs as patronage. Presidents avoided offending factions within their own party.
The document summarizes key figures and reforms during the Progressive Era in the United States. John Muir influenced increased protections for forests and national parks in response to environmental destruction. W.E.B. DuBois addressed racism and discrimination, helping establish the NAACP. Upton Sinclair's work led to new food safety laws after exposing unsanitary meatpacking practices. Alice Paul advocated for women's suffrage, achieved through the 19th Amendment. Mother Jones fought for workers' rights, resulting in new child labor and workplace safety laws. Theodore Roosevelt took on monopolies by enforcing antitrust laws. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller used their wealth to build infrastructure and fund education/health initiatives.
The document summarizes the closing of the Western frontier in the United States between 1860-1900. It discusses the many groups that were involved including Native Americans, miners, cattlemen, farmers, railroads, and the U.S. government. It also describes some of the key events like the building of the transcontinental railroad, the cattle drives, conflicts over land use, and battles between the U.S. army and Plains Indians as Native lands were increasingly encroached upon.
The document discusses the building of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States in the 1860s by the Central Pacific Railroad Company and Union Pacific Railroad Company. It describes how the railroad reduced travel time from east to west from 6 months to a maximum of 8 days, enabled cheap land sales that benefited homesteaders and ranchers, and contributed to the destruction of Native American populations and development of the cattle industry through transportation of goods and resources.
Native American conflicts with settlers arose due to competing uses of land for hunting versus farming, as well as differing views of land ownership between individual settlers and communal Native American tribes. Two notable conflicts were the Sand Creek Massacre, where Colonel Chivington slaughtered 200 Cheyenne despite a promise of safety, and the Battle of Little Big Horn, where General Custer and his troops were surrounded and killed by Lakota and Cheyenne warriors he had tried to surprise.
The Plains Indians were skilled farmers and artists who lived in organized tribes, each with their own unique language. The introduction of horses by the Spanish allowed them to more easily hunt buffalo and follow migrating herds. Their most important religious ceremony, the Sun Dance, involved dancing, singing, praying, drumming and visions to show the cyclical nature of life. Women supervised home life, gathered food, and passed down oral traditions, while men protected the village, led hunts and wars, and oversaw spiritual practices.
The document discusses the origins of western farmers in the United States, including homesteaders from the east and immigrants who received free land under the Homestead Act, African Americans who left the south known as Exodusters, and Spanish-speaking people already living in lands won in the Mexican War known as Mexicanos. It also mentions the Homestead Act of 1862 which gave settlers 160 free acres if they farmed the land for five years, farmers on the plains called sodbusters, and populist policies advocated by the Populist Party such as free silver, eight hour work days, and government ownership of railroads.
Mining led to rapid settlement in the American West in the late 19th century, as gold and silver discoveries sparked booms in Nevada, the Black Hills, and Alaska. Temporary mining towns, or "boomtowns", would be quickly constructed by miners and the merchants who supplied them, growing into wood structures before declining just as rapidly when the minerals played out, leaving ghost towns. Mining brought pollution, deforestation, and displacement of Native Americans while lacking organized law enforcement during booms. The Transcontinental Railroad Act of 1862 funded the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads to build the first rail line connecting America's coasts, opening up the West to further growth and settlement.
Lincoln was assassinated at Ford's Theater in Washington D.C. on April 14, 1865. His reconstruction plan admitted three states back into the union and excluded former Confederate leaders from amnesty. After Lincoln's death, Andrew Johnson became president and had a different, more lenient reconstruction plan that allowed ex-Confederates to vote and hold office. Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867 over Johnson's veto, requiring ratification of the 14th Amendment and barring ex-Confederate officials from voting.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
1920s chapter 25
1. LIFE &LIFE &
CULTURE INCULTURE IN
AMERICA INAMERICA IN
THE 1920STHE 1920S
THETHE
ROARINGROARING
TWENTIESTWENTIES
2. America at theAmerica at the
Start of the DecadeStart of the Decade
Victorious inVictorious in
World War IWorld War I
Treaty ofTreaty of
VersaillesVersailles
defeateddefeated
Period ofPeriod of
isolationismisolationism
RepublicanRepublican
ascendancyascendancy Returning WWI soldiers parading in Minneapolis
3. The Election of 1920The Election of 1920
GOP nominated Ohio Sen.GOP nominated Ohio Sen.
Warren G. HardingWarren G. Harding
““Normalcy”Normalcy”
Democrats ran Ohio Gov.Democrats ran Ohio Gov.
James M. CoxJames M. Cox
Coolidge as GOP VPCoolidge as GOP VP
candidatecandidate
FDR as Democratic VPFDR as Democratic VP
candidatecandidate
Republican landslideRepublican landslide
Warren G. Harding
5. Pres. Warren G. Harding-Pres. Warren G. Harding-
19201920
Vice-President: Calvin CoolidgeVice-President: Calvin Coolidge
Gone were the days of Wilson andGone were the days of Wilson and
Idealism!Idealism!
Harding promised:Harding promised:
Lower TaxesLower Taxes
Higher TariffsHigher Tariffs
Restrictions on immigrationRestrictions on immigration
Aid to farmersAid to farmers
“A return to
NORMALCY”
6. Harding appointed someHarding appointed some
very qualified people tovery qualified people to
his administration.his administration.
However, he alsoHowever, he also
appointed several lessappointed several less
qualifiedqualified
people from his home statepeople from his home state
of Ohio whoof Ohio who
eventually engaged in as host ofeventually engaged in as host of
corrupt activities for personal gain.corrupt activities for personal gain.
“OHIO GANG”
7. The Teapot Dome Scandal
• In the early part of the 20th
century large oil reserves
were discovered in Elk Hills, California and Teapot
Dome, Wyoming.
Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center on the Teapot Dome
Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 near Midwest, Wyoming.
8. • In 1912 President William Taft
decided that the government owned
the land and its’ oil reserves should
be set aside for the use of the
United States Navy.
• On 4th June, 1920, Congress passed a bill that stated that the
Secretary of the Navy would have the power "to conserve,
develop, use and operate the same in his discretion, directly or
by contract, lease, or otherwise, and to use, store, exchange, or
sell the oil and gas products thereof, and those from all royalty
oil from lands in the naval reserves, for the benefit of the
United States."
9. • In March of 1921, President Warren Harding appointed
Albert Fall as Secretary of the Interior.
Pres. Warren Harding Secretary of the
Interior Albert Fall
10. Secretary of the
Interior Albert Fall
Harry
Sinclair
(Mammoth
Oil Corp.)
Edward L.
Doheny (Pan-
American
Petroleum)
Yo, Albert buddy!
How about letting
Edward and I drill for
oil in Elk Hills and
Teapot Dome!
But that’s
Naval
property! You
can’t drill
there!
Maybe $100,000
would help you
change your mind!
Why didn’t
you say so,
Ed? You’ve
got a deal!
11. • Later that year Fall decided that two of his friends,
Harry F. Sinclair (Mammoth Oil Corporation) and Edward L.
Doheny (Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Company),
should be allowed to lease part of these Naval Reserves. There
was NO evidence that Harding was involved in any way.
• In 1923, Harding
died of a heart attack.
Vice-President Calvin
Coolidge took over.
12. • In 1927, Fall was found guilty of accepting a $100,000 bribe
from Doheny. He was forced to resign from office and spent
one year in jail. Fall was the first cabinet member to
be convicted of a crime while in office.
• The land was naval property, and should not have been
leased to private oil companies.
13.
14. Pres. Calvin CoolidgePres. Calvin Coolidge
Harding’s death in 1923Harding’s death in 1923
brought Coolidge to thebrought Coolidge to the
presidency.presidency.
In 1924, Americans voted toIn 1924, Americans voted to
Coolidge’s businessCoolidge’s business
policy was laissezpolicy was laissez
faire :faire :
Between 1921and 1929Between 1921and 1929
the output of industrythe output of industry
nearly Doublednearly Doubled
“Keep cool with
Coolidge”
16. The new president,The new president,
Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge , fit, fit
thethe pro-businesspro-business spiritspirit
of the 1920s very wellof the 1920s very well
His famous quoteHis famous quote ::
“The chief business of“The chief business of
the American peoplethe American people
is business . . .theis business . . .the
man who builds aman who builds a
factory builds afactory builds a
temple – the man whotemple – the man who
works there worshipsworks there worships
there”there”
President Calvin Coolidge
1924-1928
17. Americans on the MoveAmericans on the Move
Urbanization stillUrbanization still
accelerating.accelerating.
More AmericansMore Americans
lived in citieslived in cities
than in ruralthan in rural
areasareas
1920:1920:
New York 5New York 5
millionmillion
Chicago 3 millionChicago 3 million
18. URBAN VS. RURALURBAN VS. RURAL
Farms started to struggle post-Farms started to struggle post-
WWI.WWI.
6 million moved to urban areas6 million moved to urban areas
Urban life was considered aUrban life was considered a
world of anonymous crowds,world of anonymous crowds,
strangers, moneymakers, andstrangers, moneymakers, and
pleasure seekers.pleasure seekers.
Rural life was considered to beRural life was considered to be
safe, with close personal ties,safe, with close personal ties,
hard work and morals.hard work and morals.
Suburban boom: trolleys,Suburban boom: trolleys,
street cars etc.street cars etc.
Cities were impersonal
Farms were innocent
19. Demographical ChangesDemographical Changes
Demographics:Demographics:
statistics that describestatistics that describe
a population.a population.
Real Time Demographics
Migration NorthMigration North
African AmericansAfrican Americans
moving north at rapidmoving north at rapid
pace.pace.
Why?Why?
Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws
New job opportunitiesNew job opportunities
in northin north
1860 – 93% in south1860 – 93% in south
1930 – 80% in south1930 – 80% in south
Struggles:Struggles:
Faced hatred fromFaced hatred from
whiteswhites
Forced low wagesForced low wages
20. Other MigrationOther Migration
Post-WWI: European refugees toPost-WWI: European refugees to
AmericaAmerica
Limited immigration in 1920s fromLimited immigration in 1920s from
Europe and Asia.Europe and Asia.
Employers turned to Mexican andEmployers turned to Mexican and
Canadian immigrants to work.Canadian immigrants to work.
As a result: barrios createdAs a result: barrios created
Spanish speaking neighborhoods.Spanish speaking neighborhoods.
21. THE TWENTIES WOMANTHE TWENTIES WOMAN
After the tumult ofAfter the tumult of
World War I, AmericansWorld War I, Americans
were looking for a littlewere looking for a little
fun in the 1920s.fun in the 1920s.
Women wereWomen were
independent andindependent and
achieving greaterachieving greater
freedoms.freedoms.
ie. right to vote, moreie. right to vote, more
employment, freedomemployment, freedom
of the autoof the auto
Chicago
1926
22. THE FLAPPERTHE FLAPPER
Challenged theChallenged the
traditional ways.traditional ways.
Revolution ofRevolution of
manners andmanners and
morals.morals.
A Flapper was anA Flapper was an
emancipated youngemancipated young
woman whowoman who
embraced the newembraced the new
fashions and urbanfashions and urban
attitudes.attitudes.
23. NEW ROLES FORNEW ROLES FOR
WOMENWOMEN
Many women entered the workplace asMany women entered the workplace as
nurses, teachers, librarians, & secretaries.nurses, teachers, librarians, & secretaries.
Earned less than men and were preventedEarned less than men and were prevented
from obtaining certain jobs.from obtaining certain jobs.
Early 20th
Century teachers
24. THE CHANGINGTHE CHANGING
AMERICAN FAMILYAMERICAN FAMILY
American birthratesAmerican birthrates
declineddeclined for severalfor several
decades before thedecades before the
1920s.1920s.
Trend continues inTrend continues in
1920s with1920s with
development of birthdevelopment of birth
control.control.
Margaret SangerMargaret Sanger
Birth control activistBirth control activist
Founder of AmericanFounder of American
Birth Control LeagueBirth Control League
ie. Plannedie. Planned
ParenthoodParenthood
Margaret Sanger and other
founders of the American Birth
Control League - 1921
25. MODERNMODERN
FAMILYFAMILY
EMERGESEMERGES
Marriage was basedMarriage was based
onon romantic loveromantic love..
Women managedWomen managed
the household andthe household and
finances.finances.
Children were notChildren were not
considered laborers/considered laborers/
wage earnerswage earners
anymore.anymore.
Seen as developingSeen as developing
children whochildren who
needed nurturingneeded nurturing
and educationand education
27. PROHIBITIONPROHIBITION
One example ofOne example of
the clash betweenthe clash between
city & farm wascity & farm was
the passage of thethe passage of the
1818thth
Amendment inAmendment in
1920.1920.
Launched eraLaunched era
known asknown as
ProhibitionProhibition
Made it illegal toMade it illegal to
make, distribute,make, distribute,
sell, transport orsell, transport or
consume liquor.consume liquor.
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st
Amendment
28. SUPPORT FORSUPPORT FOR
PROHIBITIONPROHIBITION
Reformers had longReformers had long
believed alcohol ledbelieved alcohol led
to crime, child &to crime, child &
wife abuse, andwife abuse, and
accidentsaccidents
Supporters wereSupporters were
largely from thelargely from the
rural south and westrural south and west
30. SPEAKEASIES ANDSPEAKEASIES AND
BOOTLEGGERSBOOTLEGGERS Many Americans did notMany Americans did not
believe drinking was abelieve drinking was a
sinsin
Most immigrant groupsMost immigrant groups
were not willing to givewere not willing to give
up drinkingup drinking
To obtain liquor, drinkersTo obtain liquor, drinkers
went underground towent underground to
hidden saloons known ashidden saloons known as
speakeasiesspeakeasies
People also bought liquorPeople also bought liquor
fromfrom bootleggersbootleggers whowho
smuggled it in fromsmuggled it in from
Canada, Cuba and theCanada, Cuba and the
West IndiesWest Indies
All of these activities becameAll of these activities became
closely affiliated with …closely affiliated with …
Speakeasies
31. ORGANIZEDORGANIZED
CRIMECRIME
Prohibition contributed toProhibition contributed to
the growth of organizedthe growth of organized
crime in every major citycrime in every major city
Al Capone –Al Capone –
Chicago, IllinoisChicago, Illinois
famous bootleggerfamous bootlegger
““Scarface”Scarface”
60 million yr (bootleg alone)60 million yr (bootleg alone)
Capone took control of theCapone took control of the
Chicago liquor businessChicago liquor business
by killing off hisby killing off his
competitioncompetition
Talent for avoiding jailTalent for avoiding jail
1931 sent to prision for tax-1931 sent to prision for tax-
Al Capone was finally convicted
on tax evasion charges in 1931
32. RacketeeringRacketeering
Illegal business scheme to make profit.Illegal business scheme to make profit.
Gangsters bribed police or gov’t officials.Gangsters bribed police or gov’t officials.
Forced local businesses a fee for “protection”.Forced local businesses a fee for “protection”.
No fee - gunned down or businesses blown to bitsNo fee - gunned down or businesses blown to bits
33. St. Valentine’s Day MassacreSt. Valentine’s Day Massacre
Valentines Day –Valentines Day –
February 14, 1929February 14, 1929
Rival between Al CaponeRival between Al Capone
and Bugs Moranand Bugs Moran
Capone – South SideCapone – South Side
Italian gangItalian gang
Moran – North Side IrishMoran – North Side Irish
ganggang
Bloody murder of 7 ofBloody murder of 7 of
Moran’s men.Moran’s men.
Capone’s men dressed asCapone’s men dressed as
copscops
34. GOVERNMENT FAILSGOVERNMENT FAILS
TO CONTROL LIQUORTO CONTROL LIQUOR
Prohibition failed:Prohibition failed:
Why? Government didWhy? Government did
not budget enoughnot budget enough
money to enforce themoney to enforce the
lawlaw
The task of enforcingThe task of enforcing
Prohibition fell toProhibition fell to
1,500 poorly paid1,500 poorly paid
federal agents ---federal agents ---
clearly an impossibleclearly an impossible
task!task!
Federal agents pour wine
down a sewer
35. SUPPORT FADES,SUPPORT FADES,
PROHIBITION REPEALEDPROHIBITION REPEALED
By the mid-1920s, onlyBy the mid-1920s, only
19% of Americans19% of Americans
supported Prohibitionsupported Prohibition
Many felt ProhibitionMany felt Prohibition
caused more problemscaused more problems
than it solvedthan it solved
What problems did itWhat problems did it
cause?cause?
The 21The 21stst
AmendmentAmendment
finallyfinally repealedrepealed
Prohibition in 1933Prohibition in 1933
36. SCIENCE ANDSCIENCE AND
RELIGION CLASHRELIGION CLASH
Fundamentalists vs. Secular thinkersFundamentalists vs. Secular thinkers
The Protestant movement - literal interpretation of theThe Protestant movement - literal interpretation of the
bible is known as fundamentalismbible is known as fundamentalism
FundamentalistsFundamentalists found all truth in the biblefound all truth in the bible – including– including
science & evolutionscience & evolution
37. SCOPES TRIALSCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925,In March 1925,
TennesseeTennessee
passed thepassed the
nation’s first lawnation’s first law
that made it athat made it a
crime to teachcrime to teach
evolutionevolution
The ACLUThe ACLU
promised topromised to
defend anydefend any
teacher willing toteacher willing to
challenge the lawchallenge the law
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
38. SCOPES TRIALSCOPES TRIAL
The ACLU hiredThe ACLU hired
Clarence Darrow,Clarence Darrow,
the most famousthe most famous
trial lawyer of thetrial lawyer of the
era, to defendera, to defend
ScopesScopes
The prosecutionThe prosecution
countered withcountered with
William JenningsWilliam Jennings
Bryan, the three-Bryan, the three-
time Democratictime Democratic
presidentialpresidential
Darrow
Bryan
39. SCOPES TRIALSCOPES TRIAL
Trial opened on July 10,1925 and became a nationalTrial opened on July 10,1925 and became a national
sensationsensation
In an unusual move,In an unusual move, Darrow called Bryan to the standDarrow called Bryan to the stand
as an expert on the bible – key question:as an expert on the bible – key question: Should theShould the
bible bebible be interpreted literally?interpreted literally?
Under intense questioning, Darrow got Bryan to admitUnder intense questioning, Darrow got Bryan to admit
that the bible can be interpreted in different waysthat the bible can be interpreted in different ways
Nonetheless, Scopes was found guilty and fined $100Nonetheless, Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Bryan
Darrow
40.
41. EDUCATION ANDEDUCATION AND
POPULARPOPULAR
CULTURECULTURE
During the 1920s,During the 1920s,
developments indevelopments in
education had aeducation had a
powerful impact on thepowerful impact on the
nation.nation.
Enrollment in highEnrollment in high
schools quadrupledschools quadrupled
between 1914 andbetween 1914 and
1926.1926.
Public schools met thePublic schools met the
challenge of educatingchallenge of educating
millions of immigrantsmillions of immigrants
42. Mass MediaMass Media
Increases in Mass media during the 1920sIncreases in Mass media during the 1920s
Print and broadcast methods of communication.Print and broadcast methods of communication.
Examples:Examples:
NewspapersNewspapers
MagazinesMagazines
RadioRadio
MoviesMovies
Newspapers:
27 million to 39 million
Increase of 42%
Motion Pictures:
40 million to 80 million
Increase of 100%
Radios:
60,000 to 10.2 million
Increase of 16,983%
43. EXPANDING NEWSEXPANDING NEWS
COVERAGECOVERAGE
Literacy increased in theLiteracy increased in the
1920s…1920s…
as a resultas a result
Newspaper and magazineNewspaper and magazine
circulation rose.circulation rose.
By the end of the 1920s…By the end of the 1920s…
10 American magazines --10 American magazines --
includingincluding Reader’s Digest,Reader’s Digest,
Saturday Evening Post,TimeSaturday Evening Post,Time
–– boasted circulations ofboasted circulations of
over 2 million a year.over 2 million a year.
Tabloids createdTabloids created
44. RADIO COMESRADIO COMES
OF AGEOF AGE
Although print mediaAlthough print media
was popular, radio waswas popular, radio was
the most powerfulthe most powerful
communications mediumcommunications medium
to emerge in the 1920s.to emerge in the 1920s.
News was deliveredNews was delivered
faster and to a largerfaster and to a larger
audience.audience.
Americans could hearAmericans could hear
the voice of thethe voice of the
president or listen to thepresident or listen to the
World Series live.World Series live.
45. ENTERTAINMENT ANDENTERTAINMENT AND
ARTSARTS
Even before sound,Even before sound,
movies offered amovies offered a
means of escapemeans of escape
through romance andthrough romance and
comedycomedy
ie. talkiesie. talkies
First sound movies:First sound movies:
Jazz SingerJazz Singer (1927)(1927)
First animated withFirst animated with
sound:sound: SteamboatSteamboat
WillieWillie (1928)(1928)
By 1930By 1930 millions ofmillions of
Americans went to theAmericans went to the
movies each weekmovies each week
Walt Disney's animated
Steamboat Willie marked the
debut of Mickey Mouse. It was
a seven minute long black and
white cartoon.
47. LINDBERGH’SLINDBERGH’S
FLIGHTFLIGHT Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh
Nickname: “Lucky Lindy”Nickname: “Lucky Lindy”
May 27, 1927: LindberghMay 27, 1927: Lindbergh
made the first nonstop solomade the first nonstop solo
trans-Atlantic flight.trans-Atlantic flight.
Spirit of St. LouisSpirit of St. Louis
NYC - ParisNYC - Paris
33 ½ hours later – (no auto pilot)33 ½ hours later – (no auto pilot)
$25,000 prize$25,000 prize
2yr old Son Charley2yr old Son Charley
kidnapped in 1932kidnapped in 1932
$50,000 ransom$50,000 ransom
murderedmurdered
48. Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart
1932: First female to1932: First female to
fly solo across thefly solo across the
AtlanticAtlantic
1935: First person to1935: First person to
fly from California tofly from California to
HawaiiHawaii
1937: Attempt to fly1937: Attempt to fly
around the worldaround the world
2/3 completed and2/3 completed and
went missing,went missing,
presumed dead.presumed dead.
49. AMERICAN HEROES OFAMERICAN HEROES OF
THE 20sTHE 20s
In 1929, AmericansIn 1929, Americans
spent $4.5 billion onspent $4.5 billion on
entertainment.entertainment.
(includes sports)(includes sports)
People crowded intoPeople crowded into
baseball games to seebaseball games to see
their heroestheir heroes
Babe RuthBabe Ruth was awas a
larger than lifelarger than life
American heroAmerican hero whowho
played for Yankeesplayed for Yankees
He hit 60 homers inHe hit 60 homers in
1927.1927.
50. MUSIC OF THE 1920sMUSIC OF THE 1920s
Famed composerFamed composer
George GershwinGeorge Gershwin
merged traditionalmerged traditional
elements with Americanelements with American
Jazz.Jazz.
Someone to Watch OverSomeone to Watch Over
MeMe
Embraceable YouEmbraceable You
I Got RhythmI Got Rhythm
Gershwin
51. EDWARD KENNEDY “DUKE”EDWARD KENNEDY “DUKE”
ELLINGTONELLINGTON
In the late 1920s,In the late 1920s,
Duke Ellington,Duke Ellington, a jazza jazz
pianistpianist andand
composer, led hiscomposer, led his
ten-piece orchestraten-piece orchestra
at the famousat the famous CottonCotton
Club.Club.
Band: “TheBand: “The
Washingtonians”Washingtonians”
Ellington won renownEllington won renown
as one ofas one of America’sAmerica’s
greatest composers.greatest composers.
52. LOUISLOUIS
ARMSTRONGARMSTRONG
Jazz was born in theJazz was born in the
early 20early 20thth
centurycentury
In 1922, a youngIn 1922, a young
trumpet player namedtrumpet player named
Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong
joined the Creole Jazzjoined the Creole Jazz
Band.Band.
Armstrong isArmstrong is
considered theconsidered the mostmost
important andimportant and
influential musicianinfluential musician inin
the history of jazzthe history of jazz
53. BESSIEBESSIE
SMITHSMITH
Bessie Smith, bluesBessie Smith, blues
singer, was perhapssinger, was perhaps
thethe most outstandingmost outstanding
vocalistvocalist of the decadeof the decade
She achievedShe achieved
enormous popularityenormous popularity
and by 1927 sheand by 1927 she
became thebecame the highest-highest-
paid black artist inpaid black artist in
the worldthe world
54. BILLIE HOLIDAYBILLIE HOLIDAY
Born Eleanora FaganBorn Eleanora Fagan
GoughGough
One of the most recognizableOne of the most recognizable
voices of the 20s and 30s.voices of the 20s and 30s.
Embraceable YouEmbraceable You
God Bless the ChildGod Bless the Child
Strange FruitStrange Fruit
56. Walt DisneyWalt Disney
Walt Disney onlyWalt Disney only
attended one year ofattended one year of
high school.high school.
He was the voice ofHe was the voice of
Mickey Mouse for twoMickey Mouse for two
decades.decades.
As a kid he lovedAs a kid he loved
drawing and painting.drawing and painting.
He won 32 AcademyHe won 32 Academy
Awards.Awards.
57. ART OF THE 1920sART OF THE 1920s
Georgia O’ KeeffeGeorgia O’ Keeffe
captured thecaptured the
grandeur of Newgrandeur of New
York using intenselyYork using intensely
colored canvasescolored canvases
Radiator Building,
Night, New York , 1927
Georgia O'Keeffe
58. WRITERS OFWRITERS OF
THE 1920sTHE 1920s
Writer F. ScottWriter F. Scott
FitzgeraldFitzgerald coinedcoined
the phrase “Jazzthe phrase “Jazz
Age” to describeAge” to describe
the 1920sthe 1920s
Fitzgerald wroteFitzgerald wrote
Paradise LostParadise Lost andand
The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby
The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby
reflected thereflected the
emptiness of Newemptiness of New
York elite societyYork elite society
59. WRITERS OF THEWRITERS OF THE
19201920
Ernest Hemingway,Ernest Hemingway, becamebecame
one of the best-known authorsone of the best-known authors
of the eraof the era
Wounded in World War IWounded in World War I
In his novels,In his novels, The Sun AlsoThe Sun Also
RisesRises andand AA Farewell to ArmsFarewell to Arms,,
he criticized the glorification ofhe criticized the glorification of
warwar
Moves to Europe to escape theMoves to Europe to escape the
life in the United States.life in the United States.
““Lost Generation” (Gertrude Stein)Lost Generation” (Gertrude Stein)
Group of people disconnectedGroup of people disconnected
from their country and its values.from their country and its values.
His simple, straightforwardHis simple, straightforward
Hemingway - 1929
60. THE HARLEM RENAISSANCETHE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Great MigrationGreat Migration sawsaw
hundreds ofhundreds of
thousands ofthousands of
African AmericansAfrican Americans
move north tomove north to bigbig
citiescities
1920:1920:
5 million of the5 million of the
nation’s 12 millionnation’s 12 million
blacks (over 40%)blacks (over 40%)
lived in citieslived in cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
61. HARLEM, NEW YORKHARLEM, NEW YORK
Harlem, NYHarlem, NY
became thebecame the largestlargest
black urbanblack urban
communitycommunity
Harlem sufferedHarlem suffered
from overcrowding,from overcrowding,
unemployment andunemployment and
povertypoverty
Home to literary andHome to literary and
artisticartistic revivalrevival
known as theknown as the
62. LANGSTONLANGSTON
HUGHESHUGHES
Missouri-bornMissouri-born LangstonLangston
HughesHughes was thewas the
movement’s best knownmovement’s best known
poetpoet
Many of his poemsMany of his poems
described thedescribed the difficultdifficult
lives of working-classlives of working-class
blacksblacks
““Thank you Ma’am”Thank you Ma’am”
Some of his poems wereSome of his poems were
put to musicput to music, especially, especially
jazz and bluesjazz and blues
63. Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan
Colonel William J SimmonsColonel William J Simmons
Revived organization in 1915Revived organization in 1915
1922: enrollment 4 million1922: enrollment 4 million
Attacks against:Attacks against:
African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants andAfrican Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants and
others.others.
By night, whipped, beat and even killed.By night, whipped, beat and even killed.
By 1927 Klan activity diminished once again.By 1927 Klan activity diminished once again.
64. AFRICANAFRICAN
AMERICAN GOALSAMERICAN GOALS
Founded in 1909,Founded in 1909,
thethe NAACPNAACP urgedurged
African AmericansAfrican Americans
to protest racialto protest racial
violenceviolence
W.E.B DuboisW.E.B Dubois , a, a
founding member,founding member,
led a march ofled a march of
10,000 black men in10,000 black men in
NY to protestNY to protest
violenceviolence
65. MARCUS GARVEY -MARCUS GARVEY -
UNIAUNIA
Marcus Garvey believedMarcus Garvey believed
that African Americansthat African Americans
should build a separateshould build a separate
society (Africa)society (Africa)
In 1914, Garvey foundedIn 1914, Garvey founded
the Universal Negrothe Universal Negro
Improvement AssociationImprovement Association
Garvey claimed a millionGarvey claimed a million
members by the mid-members by the mid-
1920s1920s
Powerful legacy of blackPowerful legacy of black
pride, economicpride, economic
independence and Pan-independence and Pan-
AfricanismAfricanism
Garvey represented a more
radical approach
Editor's Notes
By the dawn of the 1920s, the United States had emerged from World War I as one of the world’s superpowers; however, it remained unwilling to accept the role of world leader. President Woodrow Wilson fell short of his goal of “making the world safe for democracy” with the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations when the Senate rejected the treaty. Without a U.S. presence in the League of Nations, the international organization lacked the credibility needed to maintain world peace.
Unwilling to consider the possibility of sending U.S. soldiers into another foreign war, most Americans favored an isolationist policy in dealing with international affairs. The election of Warren Harding in 1920 began a period of Republican Party dominance that lasted throughout the decade: from 1921 until 1933, Republicans controlled both the White House and Congress.
After the Senate’s rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the defeat of the League of Nations, Republican leaders saw an opportunity to regain the White House after Democrat Woodrow Wilson’s two terms. They nominated Ohio Senator Warren G. Harding for president. Harding, realizing that Americans wanted to put the war behind them, promised to return the nation to “normalcy.” When questioned as to what the term meant, Harding explained that it referred not to the “old order,” but rather to “a steady way of doing things,… normal procedure, in a natural way, without excess.” However, it later became evident that he had little grasp of the major issues facing the country at the time. The Republicans nominated as Harding’s running mate Calvin Coolidge, who as Massachusetts governor had gained fame for breaking the Boston Police Strike.
The Democrats nominated Ohio Governor James M. Cox. His running mate was Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had served as Undersecretary of the Navy after a career in New York state politics. Cox and Roosevelt promised to continue Wilson’s ideas as set forth in the Treaty of Versailles and to join the League of Nations.
The American public proved unwilling to continue the policies that they believed had entangled the United States in World War I, and the Democrats lost in a landslide. Harding and Coolidge received more than 60 percent of the popular vote, and more than 400 electoral votes.