Ireland conflict
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The document summarizes the conflict in Northern Ireland from 1916-1999. It began with English invasion of Ireland in the 1100s and imposition of penal laws against Irish Catholics by the 1600s. Oliver Cromwell's invasion in 1649 intensified oppression of Catholics. The Great Potato Famine of 1845 killed over 1 million Irish and Catholic uprisings continued. The Easter Rising of 1916 launched the Irish war for independence. The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 partitioned Ireland, creating Northern Ireland. Conflict escalated in the late 1960s, culminating in Bloody Sunday in 1972. Peace talks in the 1990s led to the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, establishing power sharing between Catholics and Protestants.
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Ireland conflict
- 2. Conflict in Northern Ireland 1916-1999
- 3. 1100s: The _______________ expand into Ireland. 1500s-1600s: English laws limit the rights of Irish ___________. 1100s: The _______________ expand into Ireland. 1500s-1600s: English laws limit the rights of Irish ___________. Ireland Under British Rule The Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169 ended the rule of the Irish High Kingship. English Catholics
- 4. 1649-1652: Oliver Cromwell invades Ireland to suppress Irish Catholic uprisings – The re-conquest was brutal. Cromwell passed a series of Penal Laws against Roman Catholics and confiscated large amounts of their land. 1649-1652: Oliver Cromwell invades Ireland to suppress Irish Catholic uprisings – The re-conquest was brutal. Cromwell passed a series of Penal Laws against Roman Catholics and confiscated large amounts of their land. Oliver Cromwell’s Invasion
- 5. 1845-1851: 1 million out of a population of 8 million dies from starvation or disease as a result of the _________________________ 1845-1851: 1 million out of a population of 8 million dies from starvation or disease as a result of the _________________________ Great Potato Famine Great Potato Famine Film ClipFilm Clip
- 6. During this time English landowners demanded rents from Irish peasants and profited from higher food prices. During this time English landowners demanded rents from Irish peasants and profited from higher food prices. Irish being evicted from their homes by British.
- 7. 1916: After centuries of efforts by Catholic Ireland to throw off the rule of Protestant Britain, Irish rebels form the ______________________ or the _________ and revolt on Easter, 1916, beginning years of bloodshed and guerilla warfare, This event is known as the _____________________. 1916: After centuries of efforts by Catholic Ireland to throw off the rule of Protestant Britain, Irish rebels form the ______________________ or the _________ and revolt on Easter, 1916, beginning years of bloodshed and guerilla warfare, This event is known as the _____________________. Irish Nationalism Irish Republican Army IRA Easter Uprising Film Clip: Easter Rising 1916 Film Clip: Easter Rising 1916 Question: How did past events impact the relationship between the Irish and the British? Question: How did past events impact the relationship between the Irish and the British?
- 8. A soldier and politician who was prominent in the struggle for Irish independence in the early 20th century. Used guerilla warfare to fight the British during the War for Independence. 1921: He agreed to the Anglo- Irish Treaty and became leader the Irish Free State provisional government. 1922: Collins was assassinated during the civil war A soldier and politician who was prominent in the struggle for Irish independence in the early 20th century. Used guerilla warfare to fight the British during the War for Independence. 1921: He agreed to the Anglo- Irish Treaty and became leader the Irish Free State provisional government. 1922: Collins was assassinated during the civil war Michael Collins Michael Collins
- 9. 1922: Britain agrees to _______________________. The predominantly Catholic south eventually becomes a free nation, but Northern Ireland, where a Protestant English majority has lived for centuries, remains British. 1968-1971: Catholic civil rights protests begin in Northern Ireland. The British army, fearful of violence, responds by jailing protesters without trial. 1922: Britain agrees to _______________________. The predominantly Catholic south eventually becomes a free nation, but Northern Ireland, where a Protestant English majority has lived for centuries, remains British. 1968-1971: Catholic civil rights protests begin in Northern Ireland. The British army, fearful of violence, responds by jailing protesters without trial. Northern Ireland Most Irish opposed the partition of Ireland. Divide Ireland into North and South Film Clip: Irish Republic VoteFilm Clip: Irish Republic Vote
- 10. 1972: 14 Catholic protesters are shot and killed by British troops during a march in Londonerry on January 30, which becomes known as _____________________. 1972: 14 Catholic protesters are shot and killed by British troops during a march in Londonerry on January 30, which becomes known as _____________________. Bloody Sunday Bloody Sunday
- 12. Sunday, Bloody Sunday Film Clip Song Clip
- 13. The newly rejuvenated IRA demands freedom from Britain and representation for Catholics in the Northern government. Protestants fear that Catholics in the government will force a break with Britain and turn them into a minority in a united Ireland The newly rejuvenated IRA demands freedom from Britain and representation for Catholics in the Northern government. Protestants fear that Catholics in the government will force a break with Britain and turn them into a minority in a united Ireland
- 14. In July, 22 IRA bombs explode in Belfast, killing nine. In July, 22 IRA bombs explode in Belfast, killing nine.
- 15. 1974-1979: Peace initiatives fail and 80 people die in IRA and Protestant bombings and attacks, including ______________________, uncle of Britain’s Prince Charles, when an IRA bomb explodes on his boat. 1974-1979: Peace initiatives fail and 80 people die in IRA and Protestant bombings and attacks, including ______________________, uncle of Britain’s Prince Charles, when an IRA bomb explodes on his boat. Northern Ireland 1981: Bobby Sands becomes the first of 10 IRA prisoners in Belfast to die from starvation during __________________ 1981: Bobby Sands becomes the first of 10 IRA prisoners in Belfast to die from starvation during __________________ Lord Mountbatten Hunger Strikes
- 16. 1987-1993: Dozens die in bombings, including a British Parliament member, as the IRA begins attacks on English soil. 1987-1993: Dozens die in bombings, including a British Parliament member, as the IRA begins attacks on English soil. Northern Ireland 1995-1998: _______________ visits Ireland. Peace talks are punctuated with violence, culminating in the 1998 bombing of a crowded market in Omagh, Northern Ireland, that kills 29. 1995-1998: _______________ visits Ireland. Peace talks are punctuated with violence, culminating in the 1998 bombing of a crowded market in Omagh, Northern Ireland, that kills 29. President Clinton
- 17. 1998-1999: Former U.S. Senator George Mitchell negotiates with warring factions to produce an accord known as the ______________________. On December 2, Britain turns over power to a new Northern Ireland government with power divided between ________________________________. 1998-1999: Former U.S. Senator George Mitchell negotiates with warring factions to produce an accord known as the ______________________. On December 2, Britain turns over power to a new Northern Ireland government with power divided between ________________________________. Peace in Northern Ireland? Bertie Ahern with Tony Blair during the Good Friday Agreement in April 1998 Good Friday Agreement Protestants and Catholics
- 18. 1999: Power-sharing government put in place in Belfast, ending 27 years of direct rule from London. 2000: Self-rule is suspended over Unionists claims the IRA has not fully disarmed. 2003: IRA disarms as Britain sets election date to establish self- governance. Protestant leaders remain skeptical. 1999: Power-sharing government put in place in Belfast, ending 27 years of direct rule from London. 2000: Self-rule is suspended over Unionists claims the IRA has not fully disarmed. 2003: IRA disarms as Britain sets election date to establish self- governance. Protestant leaders remain skeptical. Peace in Northern Ireland? Gerry Adams, President of Sinn Fein – political wing of IRA and the Belfast “Peace Line” Film Clip Film Clip 2
Editor's Notes
- Ireland became a laboratory for colonialism – British experiment with rule on Ireland and then export it to America, Caribbean and India
- Cromwell believed stories of Irish slaughtering of Protestants in 1641 Rebellion and sought revenge Oliver Cromwell left Ireland on May 26, 1650. Only nine months in Ireland , Cromwell gave birth to death, exile, persecution, indentured slavery, and a form of 17th century ethnic cleansing. His name is forever associated by the Irish people with fevered anti-Catholicism and a burning hatred for the Irish people. Cromwell’s Settlement plan for Ireland can be fairly judged as being even more harmful to Ireland than his blood letting in 1649.