The document provides an overview of Canada's economy, culture, and social issues during the Roaring Twenties period following World War I. Canada's economy relied heavily on exports of staple goods like wheat, mining, and pulp/paper as well as manufacturing by the Big Three American auto companies. Culturally, the 1920s saw the rise of consumerism, modern art, radio, and celebrities. Women made advances in legal and political rights, though discrimination remained. Prohibition failed to curb drinking, and rum-running flourished. Immigration policies became more restrictive. The Great Depression began with the 1929 stock market crash and plunged Canada into economic hardship.

1. Canada in the
Roaring Twenties

2. Economy

3. Economy Canada’s Primary Industries:
 “Staple” exports: Wheat, Mining, Pulp & Paper
 Hydro Electricity
 Big Three American Auto Companies:
 Ford
 Chrysler
 General Motors
Canadian economy tied to US; relies heavily on US trade and US
companies (manufacturing)

4. 20’s Culture

5. 20’s Culture
 Consumerism / Materialism
 Rejection of traditional values -> music,
dancing, women, failure of prohibition
 Surrealist Art
 Emily Carr
 Group of Seven
 The age of the radio
 The emergence of fame and celebrity
(Hollywood)

7. Prohibition

8. Prohibition Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
 Successfully lobby for prohibition
 “Vote Dry” / “Vote Wet”
 Didn’t last long in Canada
 Rum-Running:
 West Coast to Washington, Oregon, Cali…;
 Great Lakes to Chicago
 Al Capone

9. Women in the 20’s

10. Women in the 20’sPolitical and Legal Rights
Agnes Macphail: 1st
woman MP (Member of Parliament) 1921
Nellie McClung, Emily Murphy*, and the Famous Five
 Emily Murphy = 1st
woman judge, 1916
 Male colleagues not too happy, she is discriminated against; women can’t
serve in Senate
 British North America Act (BNA Act 1867): “Only qualified ‘Persons’
may serve”
 “Persons” Case 1929 – a victory for women
Society
Flappers
 Non-conservative clothing
 Short hair
 Beginnings of social liberation

11. Aboriginals
 Poor social and economic
conditions on Reserves
 Policy of assimilation
 Residential Schools
 Potlatch
 Aboriginal title (land
claims)

12. Immigrants & Minorities Immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe
suspected of being “socialist revolutionaries”
 Immigration from Asia severely restricted
 African immigrants discouraged
 W.A.S.P (White Anglo-Saxon and Protestant)
 During early 20s govt. adopted
immigration
restrictions, preference to GB and US, when
economy improved (1925) this changed
 Anti-Semitism

13. In your groups: craft a thesis for
the framing essay question. 5 min
max.

14. Great Depression
The Dirty Thirties
 Laissez-Faire capitalism – “Let Do / Let it be” = little government
intervention in the economy
 Supply & Demand
 From Boom to Bust to Depression
 October 29, 1929 Stock Market Crash (Black Tuesday)
 New York, Montreal, Toronto
 Worldwide depression is “made in America”

15. Black Tuesday, Oct 29, 1929

17. Causes1. Overproduction
2. Reliance on staple exports
3. Canada too reliant on USA
4. Black Tuesday market crash – over speculation, buying on margin
5. Protectionism and Tariffs
- Tariffs = taxes on foreign goods entering the country
- You protect your own industry by taxing foreign competition
(protectionism)
6. Debt from WWI

18. 1. Todd Bertuzzi was a vicious and violent player.
2. The punch was retaliation for a hit Moore had laid on one of
Bertuzzi’s teammates the prior game.
3. Coach Marc Crawford had encouraged his players to hurt
Moore
4. The incident was a result of the violent culture in the NHL.
5. The incident was caused by the removal of the instigator rule.
Underlying or Immediate Cause?