Puerto Rico was claimed by Spain in 1493 and ceded to the US in 1898 after 400 years of Spanish rule. Puerto Ricans were granted citizenship in 1917. Since 1948, popularly elected governors have served and in 1952 a constitution provided for internal self-government. In plebiscites, voters chose to retain commonwealth status, though in 2012 a majority voted for statehood which is pending Congressional approval.

1. Ch. 10.3-Acquiring New LandsCh. 10.3-Acquiring New Lands

3. Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
 Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493
following Columbus' second voyage tofollowing Columbus' second voyage to
the Americas.the Americas.
 In 1898, after 400 years of colonial ruleIn 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule
Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as aPuerto Rico was ceded to the US as a
result of the Spanish-American War.result of the Spanish-American War.

6.  Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenshipPuerto Ricans were granted US citizenship
in 1917.in 1917.
 Popularly-elected governors have servedPopularly-elected governors have served
since 1948.since 1948.
 In 1952, a constitution was enactedIn 1952, a constitution was enacted
providing for internal self government.providing for internal self government.
 In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998,In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998,
voters chose to retain commonwealthvoters chose to retain commonwealth
status.status.
 In 2012, the majority of Puerto Ricans votedIn 2012, the majority of Puerto Ricans voted
for statehood-It is now up to Congressfor statehood-It is now up to Congress
 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.html

8.  In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to theIn 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the
United States with the Treaty of Paris.United States with the Treaty of Paris.
 In 1902, the United States granted Cuba itsIn 1902, the United States granted Cuba its
independence as promised with the Tellerindependence as promised with the Teller
Amendment.Amendment.
 The US retained the right to intervene toThe US retained the right to intervene to
preserve Cuban independence and stabilitypreserve Cuban independence and stability
with the Platt Amendment.with the Platt Amendment.
 The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well,The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well,
a naval base we still have control of today.a naval base we still have control of today.
 In 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed.In 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed.

9. Guantanamo Bay, CubaGuantanamo Bay, Cuba

10. What do you know about CubaWhat do you know about Cuba
today?today?

11. The PhilippinesThe Philippines

13. President Mckinley’s Dilemma:President Mckinley’s Dilemma:
What to do with the Philippines?What to do with the Philippines?
“…“…there was nothing left for us to do but tothere was nothing left for us to do but to
take them all, and to educate the Filipinos,take them all, and to educate the Filipinos,
and uplift and civilize and Christianizeand uplift and civilize and Christianize
them, and by God's grace do the very bestthem, and by God's grace do the very best
we could by them, as our fellow-men forwe could by them, as our fellow-men for
whom Christ also died.”whom Christ also died.”

16. PhilippinesPhilippines
 Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo
declared Philippinedeclared Philippine
independence fromindependence from
Spain on June 12, 1898Spain on June 12, 1898
 After the Spanish-After the Spanish-
American War, the USAmerican War, the US
took over the islands fortook over the islands for
$20 million in the 1898$20 million in the 1898
Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris

17. Philippine-American WarPhilippine-American War
 The Philippine–American War broke outThe Philippine–American War broke out
after the Filipinos realized that the USafter the Filipinos realized that the US
would not give them independencewould not give them independence
 It ended with American control over theIt ended with American control over the
islandsislands
 12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians die-200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians die-
Some contend US committed genocideSome contend US committed genocide
 4,165 US soldiers dead4,165 US soldiers dead

20.  In 1935, the Philippines was grantedIn 1935, the Philippines was granted
Commonwealth status.Commonwealth status.
 Plans for independence over the next decadePlans for independence over the next decade
were interrupted by World War II when thewere interrupted by World War II when the
Japanese invaded and took them overJapanese invaded and took them over
 Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945.Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945.
 On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained itsOn July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained its
independenceindependence

21. ChinaChina
 By the late 1800’s,By the late 1800’s,
it was looking as ifit was looking as if
China would beChina would be
carved up likecarved up like
Africa had beenAfrica had been
 China wanted toChina wanted to
prevent this fromprevent this from
happeninghappening

23. The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

24. John Hay - Open Door PolicyJohn Hay - Open Door Policy

27. Chapter 10.4Chapter 10.4
America as a World PowerAmerica as a World Power

28. Teddy Roosevelt’s PresidencyTeddy Roosevelt’s Presidency
 Assumed Presidency after McKinley wasAssumed Presidency after McKinley was
killedkilled
 Roosevelt the PeacemakerRoosevelt the Peacemaker

Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905

Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his effortsWon the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

30. Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War
1904-19051904-1905
 Japan shocked the world by defeatingJapan shocked the world by defeating
RussiaRussia
 Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth

Japan received Southern half ofJapan received Southern half of
Sakhalin Island from RussiaSakhalin Island from Russia

Japan took over Russian interests inJapan took over Russian interests in
Manchuria and KoreaManchuria and Korea

34. The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
 A canal across Panama had been desired for aA canal across Panama had been desired for a
long time. Why?long time. Why?
 France had started constructing a canal butFrance had started constructing a canal but
gave up due to costs and diseasegave up due to costs and disease
 In 1903, US buys French company’s route forIn 1903, US buys French company’s route for
$40 million$40 million
 Before starting, US had to get permission fromBefore starting, US had to get permission from
Colombia which controlled PanamaColombia which controlled Panama

35. Panama CanalPanama Canal
 Colombia refused to allow US entryColombia refused to allow US entry
 With support from the US, Panama revoltedWith support from the US, Panama revolted
against Colombiaagainst Colombia
 On November 3, 1903, Panama declaredOn November 3, 1903, Panama declared
independence from Colombiaindependence from Colombia
 US and Panama then signed canal deal whereUS and Panama then signed canal deal where
US would pay $10 million and a annual rent ofUS would pay $10 million and a annual rent of
$250,000$250,000
 This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?

36. Panama Canal ConstructionPanama Canal Construction
 One of the biggest engineering undertakingsOne of the biggest engineering undertakings
everever
 Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)
 Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to removeSoft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove
 Over 43,000 workers helped build canalOver 43,000 workers helped build canal
 5,600 workers dies5,600 workers dies
 Cost US $380 millionCost US $380 million
 Opened on August 15, 1914Opened on August 15, 1914

49. The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary
 It was an addition to the Monroe DoctrineIt was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
 Said that the US would be the policeSaid that the US would be the police
officer between Latin America and Europeofficer between Latin America and Europe
 The US would use force to protectThe US would use force to protect
interests in Latin Americainterests in Latin America

50. ““Speak Softly and Carry a BigSpeak Softly and Carry a Big
Stick”--Big Stick DiplomacyStick”--Big Stick Diplomacy
 ““Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “BigSpeak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big
Stick” diplomacy.Stick” diplomacy.

What does this mean?What does this mean?

ExamplesExamples

54. The Great White FleetThe Great White Fleet

56. Dollar Diplomacy-President TaftDollar Diplomacy-President Taft
 Using the US government to guarantee loans toUsing the US government to guarantee loans to
foreign countries by US banks and businessesforeign countries by US banks and businesses
 Economic imperialismEconomic imperialism
 US banks were in control of many businessesUS banks were in control of many businesses
in Latin Americain Latin America
 US said it was needed to keep EuropeanUS said it was needed to keep European
powers out of Latin Americapowers out of Latin America
 ““Substituting dollars for bullets”Substituting dollars for bullets”

59. President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson
 Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs alsoWilson's ethical and religious beliefs also
influenced his foreign policyinfluenced his foreign policy
 Practiced “missionary diplomacy”Practiced “missionary diplomacy”

US would not recognize anyUS would not recognize any
government that was oppressive,government that was oppressive,
undemocratic and hostile toward the USundemocratic and hostile toward the US

Used extensively in Latin AmericaUsed extensively in Latin America

63. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920Mexican Revolution 1910-1920
 Started with the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz whoStarted with the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz who
ruled from 1884-1911ruled from 1884-1911
 Diaz was overthrown by Francisco Madero,Diaz was overthrown by Francisco Madero,
who ruled from 1911-1913who ruled from 1911-1913
 Madero was killed by Victoriano Huerta, whoMadero was killed by Victoriano Huerta, who
ruled from 1913-1914ruled from 1913-1914
 Huerta was overthrown by VenustianoHuerta was overthrown by Venustiano
Carranza, who ruled from 1914-1920 when heCarranza, who ruled from 1914-1920 when he
was killedwas killed

64. Problems with Mexico-BorderProblems with Mexico-Border
War 1910-1919War 1910-1919

MexicanMexican
governmentgovernment
was overthrownwas overthrown
by Generalby General
VictorianoVictoriano
Huerta in 1913Huerta in 1913

Wilson refusedWilson refused
to recognize “ato recognize “a
government ofgovernment of
butchers”butchers”

65. Tampico AffairTampico Affair

US took over the Mexican port of VeracruzUS took over the Mexican port of Veracruz
after Huerta arrested some Americans sailorsafter Huerta arrested some Americans sailors

War was extremely close until Argentina,War was extremely close until Argentina,
Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settleBrazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle
conflictconflict

Huerta rejected the plan but his governmentHuerta rejected the plan but his government
collapsed shortly thereaftercollapsed shortly thereafter

Venustiano Carranza became PresidentVenustiano Carranza became President

Wilson recognized his governmentWilson recognized his government

66. Pancho Villa-MexicanPancho Villa-Mexican
Expedition 1916-17Expedition 1916-17
 Villa was pro-American at first but soonVilla was pro-American at first but soon
changed after President Carranza asked US tochanged after President Carranza asked US to
control Mexican minescontrol Mexican mines
 Killed dozens of US citizens on two differentKilled dozens of US citizens on two different
occasions(once on US soil)occasions(once on US soil)
 President Wilson ordered General JohnPresident Wilson ordered General John
Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into MexicoPershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico
and capture Villaand capture Villa
 Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed withEventually, the Mexican Army clashed with
Pershing’s forcesPershing’s forces
 By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)

71. QuestionsQuestions
 How do think Latin American countriesHow do think Latin American countries
viewed the United States at this time?viewed the United States at this time?
Why?Why?
 Why did the US intervene in Latin AmericaWhy did the US intervene in Latin America
all the time?all the time?
 Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”,Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”,
“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.

72. President McKinley’s AssassinationPresident McKinley’s Assassination
 Killed by LeonKilled by Leon
Czolgosz(Cholgosh)Czolgosz(Cholgosh)
 He was an anarchist thatHe was an anarchist that
wanted all leader to bewanted all leader to be
wiped outwiped out
 Hoped to promote theHoped to promote the
anarchist movementanarchist movement
 Last statement: "I killedLast statement: "I killed
the President becausethe President because
he was the enemy of thehe was the enemy of the
good people-the goodgood people-the good
working people. I am notworking people. I am not
sorry for my crime."sorry for my crime."