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- 1. Fire Protection Systems ThirdEdition Chapter 7 — Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems
- 2. Objectives ‣ Describe anautomatic fire sprinkler system. ‣ Discuss the myths and realities associated with automatic fire sprinkler system operation. ‣ List and describe the different components that make up an automatic fire sprinkler system.
- 3. Objectives ‣ List anddescribe the different types of automatic fire sprinkler system heads. ‣ Describe the different types of automatic fire sprinkler systems and the best applications for those systems. ‣ State the factors that determine requirements to install automatic fire sprinkler systems.
- 4. Objectives ‣ Discuss thedesign concepts behind automatic fire sprinkler systems. ‣ List and describe different occupancy and commodity classifications. ‣ Discuss the inspection and testing requirements for automatic fire sprinkler systems.
- 5. Introduction ‣ Automatic firesprinkler systems ‣ Networks of underground and overhead piping fed by automatic water supply. ‣ Expenses related to water damage from sprinkler systems are higher than those related to fire damage.
- 6. Introduction ‣ Effectiveness inproperty protection: The basis for a fire sprinkler system is to keep a fire at a relatively small size and under control. ‣ Effectiveness in life safety: The purpose of a commercial or industrial fire sprinkler system is to provide both life safety and property protection.
- 7. Fire Sprinkler SystemComponents ‣ Pipe and fittings ‣ Pipe and fittings join together to provide a conduit for the water. ‣ Joining methods: ‣Threads ‣Grooves ‣Flanges ‣Welds, solder, etc. ‣ Piping and tubing materials ‣ Types of fittings ‣ Fitting materials © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 8. Fire Sprinkler SystemComponents ‣ Gauges ‣ Small but important component ‣Water gauges ‣Air gauges ‣ Should not be subjected to freezing temperatures ‣ Should have a shut-off valve, and should be capable of draining
- 9. Fire Sprinkler SystemComponents ‣ Valves ‣ Water control valves ‣ Check valves ‣ Drain valves ‣ Inspector’s test valve and alarm test valve ‣ Isolation valves ‣ Pressure-reducing and pressure-relief valves ‣ General purpose valves © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 10. Fire Sprinkler SystemComponents ‣ Pipe support and stabilization assemblies ‣ Piping is held in place by the following: ‣Bracing, guides, and restraints ‣Hanger assemblies ‣Fasteners ‣ With exceptions, all components must be made of ferrous materials that can handle heat. ‣ NFPA 13: ‣Provides the maximum allowable spacing requirements for various types of sprinkler heads.
- 11. Fire Sprinkler SystemComponents ‣ Automatic sprinkler heads ‣ Distribute water over a limited area at designated flow rate ‣ Most operate at a predetermined temperature © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 12. Fire Sprinkler SystemComponents ‣ Automatic sprinkler heads (cont’d) ‣ Components ‣Frame, heat-sensitive element, orifice, orifice cap, deflector, trim ring/cover/cup/escutcheon plate, sprinkler head wrench ‣ Types ‣Old-style, standard spray, specialty ‣ Identification, labeling, and markings ‣Sprinkler identification number © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 13. Types of Systems ‣Wet pipe systems ‣ Least expensive ‣ Most frequently installed ‣ Easiest to maintain ‣ Easiest to modify ‣ Most reliable © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 14. Types of Systems ‣Wet pipe systems (cont’d) © Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- 15. Types of Systems ‣Dry pipe systems ‣ Can be used for unheated areas ‣ May have accelerators or exhausters installed ‣ More complex, in general, than wet pipe sprinkler systems © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 16. Types of Systems ‣Dry pipe systems (cont’d) © Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 17. Types of Systems ‣Preaction systems ‣ Use closed sprinkler heads ‣ Most require two separate events. ‣ Preaction valve can be released by various activation methods. ‣ Manual release capabilities © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 18. Types of Systems ‣Preaction systems (cont’d) © Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 19. Types of Systems ‣Deluge systems ‣ Deluge valve receives the appropriate signal from the detection system to release the clapper. ‣Electric method ‣Hydraulic method ‣Pneumatic method ‣ Usually protect high-hazard occupancies © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 20. Types of Systems ‣Deluge systems (cont’d) © Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 21. Types of Systems ‣Residential sprinkler systems ‣ Vast majority are wet pipe systems. ‣ Primary piping materials are CPVC, copper, polyethylene, and polybutylene. ‣ Water is supplied by domestic water line. © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 22. Required Installations ‣ Modelcodes by the NFPA and ICC establish requirements. ‣ Primarily based on use and occupancy conditions ‣ Specific thresholds ‣Occupant load ‣Building height ‣Storage conditions ‣Number of levels above or below exit discharge ‣ Thresholds can influence design of a building under certain conditions.
- 23. Design and InstallationStandards ‣ Overview ‣ Published fire sprinkler system design and installation standards are available from model code and insurance organizations. ‣NFPA 13 ‣NFPA 13D ‣NFPA 13R
- 24. Design and InstallationStandards ‣ NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems ‣ Performance objective ‣Maintain control of a fire to the point that emergency responders can complete the suppression activity ‣ Same for all occupancy, commodity, and storage conditions ‣ Widely used
- 25. Design and InstallationStandards ‣ NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes ‣ System must: ‣Be economically viable ‣Provide sufficient time for escape or rescue ‣Prevent flashover ‣ Revisions use data to develop requirements for residential sprinkler heads.
- 26. Design and InstallationStandards ‣ NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Low-Rise Residential Occupancies ‣ Loosely follows NFPA 13 requirements ‣ Follows NFPA 13D concepts of placing sprinkler heads ‣ Has evolved to deal with technological advances
- 27. Design and InstallationStandards ‣ Other fire sprinkler standards ‣ Used when: ‣Level of hazard exceeding the scope of NFPA 13 ‣Specific design requirements for a hazard ‣The approving authority requires the use of a different standard ‣ NFPA 30, 30B, 214, 804 ‣ Insurance providers may develop own standards. ‣ Design professional determines best to use.
- 28. Design Concepts forAutomatic Fire Sprinkler Systems ‣ Design professionals ‣ Classify the occupancy, commodities, or storage arrangement ‣ Determine the hazard ‣ Choose pipe schedule or hydraulic ‣ Determine flow/pressure requirements ‣ Determine adequate water supply © A. Maurice Jones, Jr./Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 29. Design Concepts forAutomatic Fire Sprinkler Systems ‣ The basis for designing an NFPA 13 system ‣ The professional must determine three factors: ‣The hazard ‣The design density required to protect the hazard ‣The water supply necessary to support the system demand ‣ When these are determined, designer provides best system to control/extinguish a fire.
- 30. Inspection, Testing, andMaintenance Requirements ‣ Acceptance inspections and tests ‣ Flushing ‣ Hydrostatic and air tests ‣ Visual inspection ‣ Operation of components ‣ Main drain test © Jones & Bartlett Learning
- 31. Inspection, Testing, andMaintenance Requirements ‣ Periodic inspection, testing, and maintenance ‣ Testing should be in accordance with the established intervals listed in NFPA 25. ‣ Impairments to a fire sprinkler system result from the following: ‣Component failure ‣Lack of proper inspection, testing, and maintenance