This document summarizes fire protection systems, including different types of sprinkler systems, fire classes and extinguishing agents, and fire alarm and detection standards. It describes NFPA 13, 13D, and 13R sprinkler system standards and their applications based on occupancy classifications. The key aspects covered are the four classes of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents, as well as wet, dry, preaction, and deluge sprinkler systems.

1. Chapter Six Installation of Fire Protection Systems

2. Learning Objectives List four classes of fire Identify fire suppression system agents compatible with each class Describe method of extinguishment List and describe the four basic types of sprinkler systems

3. Learning Objectives Describe differences between NFPA 13, 13D, and 13R standards and applications Describe function of standpipe pressure reducing valves and potential hazards

4. Learning Objectives Describe the purpose for UL-300 standard

5. Fire Protection Systems Extinguishing systems for structural protection and life safety Detection and alarm devices Smoke control and removal systems Extinguishing systems for industrial process Portable first aid extinguishing devices

6. Fire Protection Systems Engineered systems Designed for a specific hazard Any change in hazard requires reevaluation of the system to determine its effectiveness

7. Fire Protection Systems A primary responsibility of the inspector is to verify system maintenance No change to hazard classification

8. Fire Extinguishing Systems Agents used in extinguishing systems must be appropriate for the hazard Compatible with one another Water extinguishers are not appropriate for fires in energized electrical equipment ABC and BC types of dry chemical are not compatible

9. Fire Classes A - Common combustibles B - Flammable liquids and gases C - Energized electrical equipment D - Combustible metals

10. Extinguishing Agent Classes A - Water, dry chemical, foam, some halon B - CO ² , dry chemical, halon, foam C - CO ² , dry chemical, halon D - Dry powder

11. Fire Triangle

12. Fire Tetrahedron

13. NFPA 13 Property protection system Provides a high level of safety All areas of building are protected Including combustible void spaces

14. Occupancy Classifications Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard Group 1 Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Extra Hazard Group 1 Extra Hazard Group 2

15. Light Hazard Occupancies Occupancies where quantity and combustibility is low Fires develop a low rate of heat release Stock piles do not exceed 8 feet

16. Light Hazard Occupancies Churches Schools Libraries Offices Theaters

17. Light Hazard Occupancies Clubs Hospitals Museums Residential Restaurants

18. Ordinary Hazard Group 1 Occupancies where quantity and combustibility is low Fires develop a moderate rate of heat release Stock piles do not exceed 8 feet

19. Ordinary Hazard Group 1 Automobile parking Bakeries Canneries Dairies Restaurant service areas

20. Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Occupancies where quantity and combustibility is moderate Fires develop a moderate rate of heat release Stock piles do not exceed 12 feet

21. Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Cereal mills Chemical plants Distilleries Dry cleaners Machine shops Repair garages

22. Extra Hazard Group 1 Occupancies where quantity and combustibility is very high Fires develop a high rate of heat release May contain a small amount of flammable liquids

23. Extra Hazard Group 1 Aircraft hangars Plywood manufacturing Saw mills Textile picking Upholstering with plastic foam

24. Extra Hazard Group 2 Occupancies where quantity and combustibility is very high Fires develop a high rate of heat release May contain a large amount of flammable liquids

25. Extra Hazard Group 2 Flammable liquid spraying Manufactured home assembly Plastics processing

26. Sprinkler Standards NFPA 13R Standard Installation of sprinkler systems in residential occupancies up to four stories

27. NFPA 13R Residential occupancies  4 stories Sprinklers may be omitted from: Bathrooms  55 ft² Closets  24 ft² Garages, carports, porches, attics, crawl spaces, and combustible voids

28. NFPA 13R Provide a high level of life safety Designed to prevent or delay flashover and permit escape Does not provide property protection Building may sustain fire damage

29. NFPA 13D One- and two-family dwellings Sprinklers may be omitted from: Bathrooms  55 ft² Closets  24 ft² Garages, carports, porches, attics, crawl spaces, and combustible voids

30. NFPA 13D One- and two-family dwellings Designed to prevent or delay flashover and permit escape Does not provide property protection Building may sustain considerable damage

31. Sprinkler System Types Wet Pipe Systems Dry Pipe Systems Preaction Systems Deluge Systems

32. Wet Pipe Systems Most common Most reliable Water > 7 psi Most economical For areas not subject to freezing

33. Dry Pipe Systems  750 gallons per dry pipe valve Quick opening device > 500 gallons Dry pipe valve in room that is heated, lighted room

34. Differential Ratio of air pressure to water pressure necessary to balance the dry pipe valve Maintaining it in the closed position

35. Dry Pipe Systems  750 gallons per dry pipe valve Quick opening device > 500 gallons Dry pipe valve in room that is heated and lighted

36. Preaction Systems Closed heads Detection devices control valve Activation charges system Wet > 20 heads require 7 psi air for supervision

37. Deluge Systems Used where fire may outrun sprinkler system High hazard areas Hangars Loading racks Explosives

38. ESFR Sprinklers Early Suppression Fast Response Flow rates up to 125 pm Designed to extinguish not control Protect rack storage up to 35 feet with sprinklers at ceiling only

39. Standpipe Classes Class I Fire department 500 gpm for 30 minutes 250 gpm for additional standpipes Class II For use by building occupants 100 gpm for 30 minutes

40. Standpipe Classes Class III FD and building occupants

41. Types of Standpipe Systems Wet with constant water supply Dry with automatic actuation Dry with manual actuation Dry without fixed water supply

42. Standpipe Pressure Reducing Devices Prevent overpressure on lower floors Fire pumps must overcome head pressure of .434 psi per foot or 5 lbs per floor Achieves correct pressure at topmost outlet

43. Standpipe Pressure Reducing Devices Pressure on lower floors is higher by about 5 lbs per floor

44. Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems Designed and installed per NFPA 17 Automatic and manual actuation Warning signs and alarms Acceptance tests Discharge tests

45. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishing Systems Designed and installed per NFPA 17A Automatic and manual actuation Warning signs and alarms Acceptance tests Discharge tests

46. Halogenated Extinguishing Systems Designed and installed per NFPA 12A Automatic and manual actuation Warning signs and alarms Acceptance tests

47. Halogenated Extinguishing Systems Agent names based on chemical formula Chlorine 1 1 Flourine 3 2 Bromine 0 1 Iodine 1 1

48. Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems Designed and installed per code and manufacturers instructions Automatic and manual actuation Warning signs and alarms Acceptance tests

49. Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems Designed and installed per NFPA 12 Automatic and manual actuation Warning signs and alarms Acceptance tests

50. Foam Extinguishing Systems Designed and installed per NFPA 11, 11A, 16 Automatic and manual actuation Warning signs and alarms Acceptance tests

51. Water Spray Fixed Systems Designed and installed per NFPA 15 Automatic actuation Acceptance tests

52. Fire Department Connections Required by NFPA 13 – Standard for the Installation of Sprinklers NFPA 13R – Residential Occupancies up to 4 Stories

53. Fire Department Connections Required for all sprinklers systems except: Limited area systems off domestic water supply Systems < 20 heads

54. Fire Department Connection Requirements Connection will supply all sprinklers or all standpipes Street front or location approved by the FD 18-42” above ground, w/sign No obstructions

55. Fire Alarm and Detection Systems Notification of occupants Activation of fire protection systems NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code

56. Fire Alarm System Components Detection devices Smoke, heat, water flow, UV flame Signaling or notification devices Bells, horns, AV devices Control panel System “brain”

57. Summary Fire protection systems are hazard-specific Sprinkler system standards 13, 13D, and 13R provide different levels of protection

58. Summary Passive fire protection features, rated and (or) noncombustible construction Active features, sprinklers, alarms, etc, are complimentary