15 Renaissance & Baraque

EVOLUTION OF ASTHETIC,CULTURE AND
TECHNOLOGY
RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE
PERIOD
Presented by-
Onkar ghusale 141414003
Pawan lahane 141414007
Umesh patyekar 141414009
Bhushan tawlare 141414015
Ashwin nagdeote 141414016

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE
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RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE PERIOD
EVOLUTION OF ASTHETIC,CULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION-
• The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European
intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the
rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art,
music, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry.
• The Renaissance is a period in Europe, from the 14th to the 17th century,
considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history.
• As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and
vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th century.
• Renaissance contributed to the development of the customs and conventions of
diplomacy, and in science to an increased reliance on observation and inductive
reasoning
• The word Renaissance, literally meaning "Rebirth" in French, first appears in English
in the 1830s. The word occurs in Jules Michelet's 1855 work, Histoire de France. The
word Renaissance has also been extended to other historical and cultural
movements, such as the Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th
century.

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ORIGIN-
• Many argue that the ideas that characterized the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th century Florence.
• In particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Francesco Petrarca (1304–1374), as well
as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337). Some writers date the Renaissance quite precisely, one
proposed starting point is 1401.
• Yet it remains much debated why the Renaissance began in Italy, and why it began when it did.
• One theory that has been advanced is that the devastation caused by the Black Death in Florence, which hit
Europe between 1348 and 1350, resulted in a shift in the world view of people in 14th-century Italy.
• Italy was particularly badly hit by the plague, and it has been speculated that the resulting familiarity with
death caused thinkers to dwell more on their lives on Earth, rather than on spirituality and the afterlife. It
has also been argued that the Black Death prompted a new wave of piety, manifested in the sponsorship of
religious works of art.
• However, this does not fully explain why the Renaissance occurred specifically in Italy in the 14th century.
The Black Death was a pandemic that affected all of Europe in the ways described, not only Italy. The
Renaissance's emergence in Italy was most likely the result of the complex interaction of the above factors
View of Florence, birthplace of
the Renaissance
Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler ofFlorence

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CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE PERIOD
• HUMANISM
• ART
• SCIENCE
• MUSIC
HUMANISM
• Renaissance humanism is the study of classical era, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western
Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.
• Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest
in ancient Greek and Roman thought.
• Humanist education was based on the programme of the study of five humanities: poetry, grammar,
history and moral philosophy.
• Although historians have sometimes struggled to define humanism precisely, most have settled on "a
middle of the road definition... the movement to recover, interpret, and assimilate the language,
literature, learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome "Above all, humanists asserted "the
genius of man ... the unique and extraordinary ability of the human mind".

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SHEETTITTLE
ART-
• The development of perspective was part of a wider trend towards realism in the arts .
• Painters also developed other techniques, studying light, shadow, and, famously in the case of
Leonardo da Vinci, human anatomy. Underlying these changes in artistic method, was a renewed
desire to depict the beauty of nature, and to unravel the axioms of aesthetics, with the works of
Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael representing artistic pinnacles that were to be much imitated
by other artists.
• Concurrently, in the Netherlands, a particularly vibrant artistic culture developed, the work of Hugo
van der Goes and Jan van Eyck having particular influence on the development of painting in Italy,
both technically with the introduction of oil paint and canvas, and stylistically in terms of naturalism
in representation. (see Renaissance in the Netherlands).
• Later, the work of Pieter Brueghel the Elder would inspire artists to depict themes of everyday life.
Leonardo da Vinci: The Last Supper
Michelangelo: The Creation of Adam

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SHEETTITTLE
SCIENCE
• During the Renaissance, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy,
chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, anatomy.
Important developments.
• Alchemy.
• Astronomy.
• Medicine.
• Geography and the New World.
• The drawing is based on the correlations of
ideal human proportions with geometry.
• that the measurements of man are in nature
distributed in this manner,
• A palm is four fingers.
• A foot is four palms.
• A cubit is six palms.
• Four cubits make a man.
• A pace is four cubits.
• A man is 24 palms.
Vitruvian Man is a drawing
by Leonardo da Vinci

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SHEETTITTLE
MUSIC-
renaissance music is music written in Europe during the Renaissance. Has been to
start the era around 1400, with the end of the medieval era, and to close it around
1600, with the beginning of the Baroque period, therefore commencing the
musical Renaissance about a hundred years after the beginning of the Renaissance
as understood in other disciplines. As in the other arts, the music of the period was
significantly influenced by the developments which define the Early Modern period
BRASS INSTRUMENTS
in the Renaissance were traditionally played by professionals. Some of the more
common brass instruments that were played:
• Slide trumpet
• Cornett
• Trumpet
• Sackbut
STRING INSTRUMENTS
• Viol
• Lyre
• Irish Harp
• Hurdy-gurdy
• Gittern and mandore
Some Renaissance percussion instruments include the triangle, the Jew's harp, the
tambourine, the bells, the rumble-pot, and various kinds of drums.
Hurdy-gurdy

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SHEETTITTLE
SPREAD
In the 15th century, the Renaissance spread with great speed from its
birthplace in Florence, first to the rest of Italy, and soon to the rest of Europe.
The invention of the printing press by German printer Johannes
Gutenberg allowed the rapid transmission of these new ideas.
As it spread, its ideas diversified and changed, being adapted to local culture.
In the 20th century, scholars began to break the Renaissance into regional and
national movements.
Chateau de Chambord (1519–1547) is one of the most
famous examples of Renaissance architecture.

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Northern Europe
Pieter Bruegel's The Triumph of Death (c. 1562) reflects the social
upheaval and terror that followed the plague which devastated
medieval Europe.

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 The Renaissance as it occurred in Northern Europe has been termed the
"Northern Renaissance". While Renaissance ideas were moving north from Italy,
there was a simultaneous southward spread of some areas of innovation,
particularly in music.
 The paintings of the Italian Renaissance differed from those of the Northern
Renaissance. Italian Renaissance artists were among the first to paint secular
scenes, breaking away from the purely religious art of medieval painters.
 The spread of the technology of the German invention of movable type printing
boosted the Renaissance, in Northern Europe as elsewhere; with Venice
becoming a world centre of printing.
Northern Europe

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"What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in
form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in
apprehension how like a god!" — from William Shakespeare's Hamlet.
England

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In England, the sixteenth century marked the beginning of the English
Renaissance with the work of writers William Shakespeare, Christopher
Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, Sir Thomas More, Francis Bacon, Sir Philip
Sidney, as well as great artists, architects (such as Inigo Jones who
introduced Italianate architecture to England), and composers such
as Thomas Tallis,John Tavernier, and William Byrd.
England

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Germany
Juleum in Helmstedt, Germany - the great auditorium of the
former University, built in Weser Renaissance style

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 In the second half of the 15th century, the spirit of the age spread
to Germany and the Low Countries, where the development of the printing
press (ca. 1450) and early Renaissance artists such as the painters Jan van
Eyck (1395–1441) and Hieronymus Bosch (1450–1516) and the
composers Johannes Ockeghem (1410–1497), Jacob Obrecht (1457–1505)
andJosquin des Prez (1455–1521), predated the influence from Italy.
 In the early Protestant areas of the country humanism became closely linked to
the turmoil of the Protestant Reformation, and the art and writing of
the German Renaissance frequently reflected this dispute.
 However, the gothic style and medieval scholastic philosophy remained
exclusively until the turn of the 16th century. Emperor Maximilian
I of Habsburg (Ruling 1493–1519) was the first truly Renaissance monarch of
the Holy Roman Empire, later known as "Holy Roman Empire of the German
Nation" (Imperial Diet of Cologne, 1512).
Germany

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France
 The word "Renaissance" is borrowed from the French language, where it
means "re-birth". It was first used in the eighteenth century and was later
popularized by French historian Jules Michelet (1798–1874).
 In 1495 the Italian Renaissance arrived in France, imported by King Charles
VIII after his invasion of Italy. A factor that promoted the spread of
secularism was the Church's inability to offer assistance against the Black
Death.
 Francis I imported Italian art and artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, and
built ornate palaces at great expense.
 Writers such as François Rabelais, Pierre de Ronsard, Joachim du
Bellay and Michel de Montaigne, painters such as Jean Clouet and
musicians such as Jean Mouton also borrowed from the spirit of the
Renaissance.

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 Hungary
 Netherlands
 Poland
 Portugal
 Russia
 Spain
Similarly the Renaissance spread in the following countries:

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List of Renaissance structures
1.Belgium : Antwerp City Hall
 The Stadhuis (City Hall) of Antwerp, Belgium, stands on the western side
of Antwerp's Grote Markt (Great Market Square).
 Erected between 1561 and 1565 after designs made by Cornelis Floris de
Vriendt and several other architects and artists, this Renaissance building
incorporates both Flemish and Italianinfluences.
 The Stadhuis is inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List along with
the belfries of Belgium and France.

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2.Czech Republic : Litomysl
 Litomyšl (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪtomɪʃl̩]; German: Leitomischl) is a town
and municipality in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.
 The chateau complex in the town centre is listed as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site. Litomyšl is located 136 kilometres (85 mi) east of Prague.

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 Prague (/ˈprɑːɡ/; Czech: Praha, [ˈpraɦa] ( listen),
German: Prag) is the capital and largest city of
the Czech Republic.
 It is the 14th largest city in theEuropean Union.It
is also the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated
in the north-west of the country on the Vltava
River.
 Prague has been a political, cultural, and
economic centre of central Europe with waxing
and waning fortunes during its 1,100-year
existence.
3.Czech Republic : Prague

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4.Czech Republic : SFOG
 Six Flags Over Georgia (est. 1967) is a 290-acre
(120 ha) theme park located west
of Atlanta in Cobb County, Georgia, United
States.
 It hosts Warner Bros. Studios' cast of
characters including Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck,
and the Looney Tunes, along with Batman,
Superman, and the Justice League.
 In 1964, this Six Flags entertainment complex
broke ground in metropolitan Atlanta.
 The park also includes Six Flags Hurricane
Harbor Georgia, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) water park,
and is a sister park to Six Flags White Water
Atlanta, a 69-acre (28 ha) standalone water
park located in nearby Marietta, Georgia.

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OTHER TYPES OF RENAISSANCES
1. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
2. MEDICAL RENAISSANCE
3. BENGAL RENAISSANCE

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SOME TYPES OF RENAISSANCES
1. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
2. MEDICAL RENAISSANCE

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
• Italian renaissance was one of the earliest manifestation of the general
European Renaissance.
• It was a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy
during the 14th century and lasted until the 16th century.
• The term Renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into use in the
work of historians such as Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt.
• This period saw major achievements in literature, music, philosophy, and other
arts, as well as science.
• Italy became the recognized European leader in all these areas by the late 15th
century, and to varying degrees retained this lead until about 1600.
• The Italian Renaissance is best known for its cultural achievements.
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ORIGINS AND BACKGROUND
The Italian trade routes that covered the Mediterranean and beyond were
major conduits of culture and knowledge.
The recovery of lost Greek classics revitalized medieval philosophy in
the Renaissance of the 12th century sparking the new linguistic studies of the
Renaissance, in newly created academies in Florence and Venice.
Humanist scholars searched monastic libraries for ancient manuscripts and
recovered Tacticus and other Latin authors.
In the 13th century Florence became the centre of financial industry and
became the main centre of international trade.
During this period techniques like double entry book keeping, joint stock
companies and international banking system , systemized foreign exchange
market , insurance and government debt was developed.
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WHY IN ITALY AT THIS TIME?
Revival of Commerce and Town Building
was more intense in Italy
Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy
Two competing lords for control of Italy
were losing influence
Presence of antiquity was stronger in
Italy than elsewhere in Europe
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EUROPEAN ECONOMIC RECOVERY
The significance of printing and mining
as new industries
The fifteenth-century banking empire
of the Medici family in Florence
Dramatic recovery of European
commerce
Important industries flourish in
Northern Italy
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 Profit-making became more
important than Church doctrine
 To overcome guilt, profit-makers
indulge in philanthropy
 Influence of guilds declining
 High profits led to economic
diversification

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC RECOVERY
“Cottage Industry” blossomed.
Art became the way to advertise
economic success
Intensified commercial competition
created the need to be efficient
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RENAISSANCE SOCIETY
Renaissance is an elitist historical
phenomenon.
Northern Italy was urban and commercial
while Southern Italy mostly was not.
Very family-oriented society.
Marriages were frequently arranged to
strengthen business ties.
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RENAISSANCE SOCIETY
Father’s authority over his family
Some wealthy women played an
important role in Italian city-states
Concentration of wealth among great
families
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Fig - Isabella d’Este of Mantua

RENAISSANCE SOCIETY
Extreme social stratification divided into
factions around the wealthiest families
Poor increasingly attempting to improve
their social status
--The Ciompi Revolt (1378)
-- “populo minuto”
“The Cult of the Individual”
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RENAISSANCE SOCIETY
Number of portraits painted during this
era illustrates focus on the individual.
A true nobleman.
Growing humanism and secularism in a
Christian context.
Focus on man’s free will.
Rewards for living excellently came in
this life.
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RENAISSANCE ART AND ARCHITECTURE
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Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)
True Renaissance Man
Scientist, inventor, engineer and
naturalist
Dissected Corpses
Short attention span
Fig - Mona Lisa
Fig

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RENAISSANCE ART
AND ARCHITECTURE
One of the paintings by
Leonanrdo Da Vinci which
depict the human anatomy

MEDICAL RENNAISANCE
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The Medical Renaissance, from 1400
to 1700 CE, is the period of progress
in European medical knowledge, and
a renewed interest in the ancient
ideas of the Greeks and Romans.
Fig – Study of Human Anatomy

MEDICAL RENNAISANCE - BACKGROUND
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Printed books based on movable
typee, adopted in Europe from the
middle of the 15th century, allowed
the diffusion of medical ideas and
anatomical diagrams.
Church control of the teachings of the
medical profession and universities
diminished, and dissection was more
often possible.
In the 17th century
the microscope was an important
technical advance.

MEDICAL RENNAISANCE – NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS
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AMBROISE PARE
ANDREAS VESALIUS
WILLIAM HARVEY

MEDICAL RENNAISANCE – AMBROISE PARE
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Ambroise Pare(c. 1510 – 20 December 1590)
was a French surgeon who served in that role
for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles
IX and Henry III.
 He is considered one of the fathers of surgery
and modern forensic pathology and a pioneer
in surgical techniques.
Boiling oil was used for treating firearm
wounds, PARE turned to another remedy which
used turpentine, egg yolk and oil of roses.
He also designed artificial limbs. Ambroise Pare

MEDICAL RENNAISANCE – ANDREAS VESALIUS
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Andreas Vesalius (31 December 1514 – 15 October
1564) was an anatomist, physician, and author of
one of the most influential books on human
anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric
of the Human Body).
 Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of
modern human anatomy.
His dissections of the human body helped to rectify
the misconceptions made in Ancient Times.
Andreas Vesalius

MEDICAL RENNAISANCE – WILLIAM HARVEY
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William Harvey was an English medical doctor-
physicist, known for his contributions in heart
and blood movement.
He is credited as the first person in the Western
world to give quantitative arguments for the
circulation of blood around the body.
These studies were the foundation for the
further research on the heart and blood vessels.
William Harvey

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BAROQUE PERIOD
What is Baroque?
Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used
exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama,
tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture,
literature, dance, theater, and music.
Origin:
The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe

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PHASING OF BAROQUE PERIOD
• The Baroque era is sometimes divided into roughly three phases
for convenience:
• Early Baroque: 1590 – 1625
• High Baroque: 1625 – 1660
• Late Baroque: 1660 – 1725
• Late Baroque is also sometimes used synonymously with the
succeeding Rococo movement.

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NOMENCLATURE
The word baroque is derived from the ancient Portuguese noun
"barroco" which is a pearl that is not round but of unpredictable
and elaborate shape.
Hence, in informal usage, the word baroque can simply mean that
something is "elaborate," with many details, without reference to
the Baroque styles of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

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PAINTINGS
• A defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting is
provided by the series of paintings executed by Peter Paul Rubens
for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris.
• Conceptions of monarchy, iconography, handling of paint, and
compositions
• Depiction of space and movement.
• Exaggerated lighting, intense emotions, release from restraint, and
even a kind of artistic sensationalism“
• Did not really depict the life style of the people at that time

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PAINTERS OF BAROQUE PERIOD
Federico Barocci Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

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PAINTINGS OF BAROQUE PERIOD
Caravaggio, The Crowning with ThornsStill-life, by Josefa de Óbidos, c.
1679, Santarém, Portugal,
Municipal Library
18th-century painting of the
Royal Theatre of Turin

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SCULPTURE DURING BAROQUE PERIOD
• The architecture, sculpture and fountains of Bernini (1598–1680)
give highly charged characteristics of Baroque style.
• Bernini was undoubtedly the most important sculptor of the
Baroque period.
• Bernini sculpted, worked as an architect, painted, wrote plays, and
staged spectacles.
• In the late 20th century Bernini was most valued for his sculpture,
both for his virtuosity in carving marble and his ability to create
figures that combine the physical and the spiritual nature.

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SCULPTURES AND FAMOUS ARTISTS
Jesus Christ by
Gianlorenzo Bernini
Pierre Paul
Puget, Perseus
and
Andromeda,
1715.
Crown of
Thorns by
Gianlorenzo
Bernini

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ARCHITECTURE
Begun in late 16th-century Italy.
New emphasis was placed on bold massing, colonnades, domes,
light-and-shade, 'painterly' color effects, and the bold play of volume
and void.
It was characterized by new explorations of form, light and shadow,
and dramatic intensity.
More accessible to the emotions on one hand.
A visible statement of the wealth and power of the Church on the
other hand.

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BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE: ACROSS GLOBE
(Our Lady of the
Immaculate Conception
Church)
St Peter Cathedral
Winter Palace

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DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE CAN INCLUDE:
In churches, broader naves and sometimes given oval forms.
Dramatic use of light.
Opulent use of colour and ornaments.
Large-scale ceiling frescoes.
An external façade often characterized by a dramatic central projection.
The interior is a shell for painting, sculpture and stucco (especially in the late
Baroque).
Illusory effects like trompe l'oeil (an art technique involving extremely realistic
imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three
dimensions.) and the blending of painting and architecture.
Pear-shaped domes in the Bavarian, Czech, Polish and Ukrainian Baroque.

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PALACE OF VERSAILLES
SIDE VIEW OF THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES FRONT VIEW OF THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES

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PALACE OF VERSAILLES
Architectural style : French Baroque architecture
Location: Versailles, France
When the palace was built, Versailles was a country village, today, however, it
is a wealthy suburb of Paris, some 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the
French capital.
The court of Versailles was the centre of political power in France from 1682,
when Louis XIV moved from Paris, until the royal family was forced to return
to the capital in October 1789 after the beginning of the French Revolution.
Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but as a symbol of the
system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime.

FACTS ABOUT PALACE OF VERSAILLES
• The construction of the palace had cost 116,438, 892 Livres at the time. (Today: 2 billion
dollars approx.
• The Palace of Versailles is spread in an area of 51,000 square meters. It has a total number
of 2,153 windows, 1,200 fireplaces, 700 rooms, over 67 staircases, and a 2,000-acre garden.
Louis XIV spent one third of the total building budget of the palace, on its fountains alone.
• It took 36,000 workers 21 years to construct the palace, along with its gardens. After its
completion, it could accommodate as many as 5,000 people at a time.
• The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the allies in the Hall of Mirrors, during the end of
World War I, in 1919.
• 210,000 flowers and 200,000 trees are planted annually in The Garden of Versailles.
• The gates of the Palace of Versailles are completely made out of gold. These gates were
destroyed by the common people during the French revolution.
• The Palace, along with its garden was declared a World Heritage Site in 1979.
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PALACE OF
VERSAILLES
LOCATION
INTERIOR
GARDEN OF VERSAILLES
EXTERIOR
PLAN

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THANK YOU

15 Renaissance & Baraque

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15 Renaissance & Baraque