15 2 t4echapter15_powerpoint(2)
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•303 views
The document provides an overview of legal reasoning skills and the LSAT exam. It discusses the range of legal reasoning skills, including analyzing arguments and precedents. It explains how precedents from previous similar cases can help or hinder new cases. It also outlines the four sections of the LSAT exam and provides tips for the reading comprehension and analytical reasoning sections.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![The Range of Legal Reasoning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
The meaning of commonly used words in exams
The document provides definitions for commonly used verbs in exam questions to help students understand what is being asked of them in a question. It defines terms like "analyze", "assess", "comment", "compare", "contrast", and "criticize" among others. Understanding the meaning of these terms can help students choose the best approach for answering the question. The author's latest book aims to help students improve exam results and their chances of getting into their first choice university.
R3 Data To End
This document provides guidance on structuring and presenting data in the dissertation process. It discusses:
1. The importance of structuring the data presentation chapter logically based on themes, objectives, or concepts from the literature review rather than just presenting all raw data.
2. The need to discuss sampling methods, validity, and reliability to establish credibility before presenting any findings.
3. Tips for effective data presentation including using tables, figures, and narrative analysis to interpret results while maintaining objectivity and considering multiple explanations.
4. The chapter should draw specific conclusions from each data cluster or theme but stop short of overall conclusions, leaving synthesis for the end. Proper referencing is also emphasized.
Net set logical reasoning - Critical Thinking
Premise Conclusion Argument Valid Invalid Sound Unsound Inductive Deductive Reasoning Cogent and Uncogent AEIO Form Deductive Reductive Abductive Inductive Syllogism Categorical Hypothetical Disjunctive Circular reasoning Analogical Lexical definitions Stipulative Precising Theoretical Persuasive Transitivity, Symmetricity, Reflexivity and Equivalence
Critical thinking
The document discusses various topics related to critical thinking, logic, argumentation, and decision making. It provides definitions of key concepts, examples to illustrate ideas, and tips or guidelines related to improving thinking skills, making effective presentations, analyzing arguments, and making creative and effective decisions. The document is a presentation that aims to enhance understanding of important thinking skills and logical reasoning.
A Academy
Some practical tips for students - so they understand how to turn instructions into deliverable assignments.
Tips to writing an ap biology exam
The document provides tips for writing effective responses on the AP Biology exam. It recommends:
1) Focusing each essay response on proving mastery of introductory biology concepts to the grader.
2) Organizing answers the same way the question is organized and labeling sections accordingly.
3) Supporting definitions and conclusions with examples to ensure all points are earned.
4) Answering the specific question asked without providing unnecessary extra information.
Good Dissertation Proposal_HElpWithAssignment.com
This document provides tips for writing a successful thesis or dissertation proposal. It recommends thoroughly researching the topic area through reading literature, using reference management software, and searching specialized databases. The introduction should provide background on the topic, discuss what has and hasn't been studied, and identify the importance and potential applications of the proposed work. Objectives and hypotheses should be specific and address gaps identified in the literature review. Methods should describe the research plan in detail and justify choices. The proposal should have clear organization, proper grammar, and motivate the proposed work.
Research paper guidelines late research papers will not be accepted
This document provides guidelines for writing a research paper, including instructions on selecting a topic, developing an argument, researching credible sources, formatting, and the grading rubric. Students must write an 8-10 page paper arguing a position on an issue using at least 10 credible sources. The paper should have an introduction with a clear claim, content to support the argument, and a works cited page in MLA format. Late papers will not be accepted.
Recommended
The meaning of commonly used words in exams
The document provides definitions for commonly used verbs in exam questions to help students understand what is being asked of them in a question. It defines terms like "analyze", "assess", "comment", "compare", "contrast", and "criticize" among others. Understanding the meaning of these terms can help students choose the best approach for answering the question. The author's latest book aims to help students improve exam results and their chances of getting into their first choice university.
R3 Data To End
This document provides guidance on structuring and presenting data in the dissertation process. It discusses:
1. The importance of structuring the data presentation chapter logically based on themes, objectives, or concepts from the literature review rather than just presenting all raw data.
2. The need to discuss sampling methods, validity, and reliability to establish credibility before presenting any findings.
3. Tips for effective data presentation including using tables, figures, and narrative analysis to interpret results while maintaining objectivity and considering multiple explanations.
4. The chapter should draw specific conclusions from each data cluster or theme but stop short of overall conclusions, leaving synthesis for the end. Proper referencing is also emphasized.
Net set logical reasoning - Critical Thinking
Premise Conclusion Argument Valid Invalid Sound Unsound Inductive Deductive Reasoning Cogent and Uncogent AEIO Form Deductive Reductive Abductive Inductive Syllogism Categorical Hypothetical Disjunctive Circular reasoning Analogical Lexical definitions Stipulative Precising Theoretical Persuasive Transitivity, Symmetricity, Reflexivity and Equivalence
Critical thinking
The document discusses various topics related to critical thinking, logic, argumentation, and decision making. It provides definitions of key concepts, examples to illustrate ideas, and tips or guidelines related to improving thinking skills, making effective presentations, analyzing arguments, and making creative and effective decisions. The document is a presentation that aims to enhance understanding of important thinking skills and logical reasoning.
A Academy
Some practical tips for students - so they understand how to turn instructions into deliverable assignments.
Tips to writing an ap biology exam
The document provides tips for writing effective responses on the AP Biology exam. It recommends:
1) Focusing each essay response on proving mastery of introductory biology concepts to the grader.
2) Organizing answers the same way the question is organized and labeling sections accordingly.
3) Supporting definitions and conclusions with examples to ensure all points are earned.
4) Answering the specific question asked without providing unnecessary extra information.
Good Dissertation Proposal_HElpWithAssignment.com
This document provides tips for writing a successful thesis or dissertation proposal. It recommends thoroughly researching the topic area through reading literature, using reference management software, and searching specialized databases. The introduction should provide background on the topic, discuss what has and hasn't been studied, and identify the importance and potential applications of the proposed work. Objectives and hypotheses should be specific and address gaps identified in the literature review. Methods should describe the research plan in detail and justify choices. The proposal should have clear organization, proper grammar, and motivate the proposed work.
Research paper guidelines late research papers will not be accepted
This document provides guidelines for writing a research paper, including instructions on selecting a topic, developing an argument, researching credible sources, formatting, and the grading rubric. Students must write an 8-10 page paper arguing a position on an issue using at least 10 credible sources. The paper should have an introduction with a clear claim, content to support the argument, and a works cited page in MLA format. Late papers will not be accepted.
M12 power point understanding the working outline
This document provides guidance on creating an effective working outline for an argumentative essay. It explains that outlines are useful for longer compositions that use sources and develop a logical argument. The key parts of a working outline are then defined, including the title, thesis statement, introductory rationale, main supporting claims, evidence, counterarguments, and concluding rationale. For each section, advice is given on how to develop that part of the outline. Students are reminded that the outline is a roadmap for their writing but may require some flexibility.
Ch03 critical thinking
The document discusses critical thinking and models for analyzing texts. It introduces the Interpretive Critical Thinking Model, which involves analyzing a text by considering its main point, supplementary messages, context, author's point of view, assumptions, facts, themes, logic, relationships to other works, and reflection on one's own ideas. It also describes the Toulmin method for analyzing arguments by identifying the claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. The goal is to teach readers how to carefully analyze what they read through identifying key elements of texts and evaluating the strength of arguments.
Rothman discourse essay prompt context when y
This document provides context and instructions for a discourse essay assignment. The goals of the essay are to: 1) Interpret and portray crucial perspectives from sources on the research topic; 2) Present and evaluate those perspectives; and 3) Outline what the author wants to add to the discussion and how it responds to existing ideas. The essay should demonstrate understanding of prior discussions around the research focus, clarify how that informs the author's thinking, and identify planned contributions in dialogue with other works. The essay must be 4-5 pages, cite at least six total sources with four from academic works, and be formatted with APA style citations and a references page. It is due by the specified date.
M11 power point the argument essay be an attorney
This document provides guidance on writing an argument thesis statement for an argument essay. It explains that an argument thesis must take a stand on an issue that others could reasonably disagree with and be supported with evidence. It provides examples of weak and strong thesis statements and explains the different types of argument claims a thesis could make, such as claims of definition, cause and effect, value, or solutions. The document emphasizes thinking of yourself as an advocate for your thesis and considering how to reframe a research question into an argument thesis statement.
Academic essay
Writing an academic essay involves structuring a coherent argument and presenting ideas in a logical order. A typical essay introduces the argument, analyzes evidence, considers counterarguments, and concludes. Different types of information like background context are often located in specialized sections. Successful essays anticipate questions readers may have like "what evidence supports the thesis?", "how does the thesis address counterarguments?", and "why does this matter?". Answering these questions fully helps structure the essay and ensure the argument has significance for readers.
Focusing your LOI
The document provides guidance on effective research methods for open-minded inquiry. It advises against one-sided research aimed only at confirming pre-existing opinions or finding simple answers. Effective inquiry requires considering multiple perspectives, following leads, asking new questions, and seeking to understand complex issues rather than oversimplify them. Key recommendations include focusing research on answering questions to become an expert on the issue, using various search techniques and grouping keywords to maximize results, and avoiding opinions to focus on factual information.
Costas level-of-question-and-thinking-1
Here are three questions at different levels for each topic:
Ecology
Level 1: Define ecology.
Level 2: Compare and contrast the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Level 3: Predict how climate change could impact local ecosystems over the next 50 years.
Tissue
Level 1: Name the four main types of tissue found in the human body.
Level 2: Explain the role of connective tissue in the body.
Level 3: Imagine you could design an artificial tissue - how might it differ from natural tissue?
Agenda
Level 1: What are the key items typically included on a meeting agenda?
Level 2: Analyze why an agenda is an important tool for keeping a meeting
Writing workshop by Dr. Ali Cullerton
This document outlines topics from an APA & Writing Workshop course taught by Dr. Cullerton. It discusses challenges with literacy autobiographies such as in-text citations, organization, and conclusions. It also covers different types of writing like narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and analytical. Examples are provided for persuasive and analytical essays. Other topics covered include elements of an essay, writing in response to texts, and defining text complexity.
Chapter 6.2
There are six common thought patterns authors use to organize information: illustration/example, definition, comparison/contrast, cause/effect, classification, and chronological order/process. Recognizing the thought pattern can help the reader make accurate predictions and better study the material. The class will be split into groups, each teaching one thought pattern through its characteristics, examples, and an exercise. Other useful patterns are statement and clarification, summary, and addition. Transition words are important for recognizing and writing with different organizational structures.
Planning and writing assignments
This document provides guidance on various aspects of completing a written assignment, including reading the brief, conducting research, managing time, taking notes, creating a plan, writing, and proofreading. It recommends highlighting keywords in the brief, understanding assessment criteria, researching relevant information from multiple sources, breaking assignments into tasks with deadlines, taking notes without plagiarizing, structuring written work with an introduction, body, and conclusion, and having another review the work for errors. The goal is to help students effectively complete assignments by planning, organizing research, and drafting and proofreading their work.
Dean r berry persuasive argument suicide debate
The document discusses reading persuasive texts critically. It emphasizes identifying the author's claim, and examining if the evidence provided sufficiently supports that claim. It outlines different types of evidence like statistical, testimonial, anecdotal, and analogical evidence that authors may present. It encourages annotating the text to separate arguments from opinions, and noting assumptions, evidence, and key ideas. The goal is for readers to evaluate how strong the author's argument is based on the evidence.
POWER REVIEW FOR COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMNATIONS
This document provides information and tips for preparing for and taking college entrance exams. It includes details on common exam types and schedules for colleges in Northern Luzon, Philippines. Test-taking strategies are outlined, such as managing anxiety, using review tools, and tips for multiple choice, essay, true/false, and objective questions. Coverage areas are also listed for English, science, math and abstract reasoning sections.
Criteria ratings points content 65 to 59.0 ptsadvanced
The document provides a grading rubric for a situation analysis assignment on a book by Richard Holbrooke called "To End a War". Students are asked to analyze a difficult situation Holbrooke faced and evaluate what they would have done the same or differently. The rubric evaluates the analysis on content, analysis/conclusion, structure/formatting, and spelling/grammar on a scale from advanced to developing. Students must thoroughly address the points, clearly articulate arguments, follow Turabian guidelines, and have few spelling or grammar errors to receive the highest scores.
Seu hcm515 critical thinking writing rubric module 6
This document outlines a rubric for evaluating critical thinking writing assignments in a module 6 course. It evaluates submissions on content, research, analysis, sources, and mechanics. For each category, it provides criteria for exceeds expectations, meets expectations, below expectations, and limited evidence. Points are assigned for each level of achievement in each category, with exceeds expectations receiving the most points and limited evidence receiving the fewest. The total possible points that can be earned is 105.
Scientific Research Steps Part 2
This document outlines the steps of the scientific research method and experimental design process. It discusses:
1. Defining the research question and formulating a hypothesis.
2. Designing an experiment to test the hypothesis, including identifying variables, controls, and repeated trials.
3. Collecting and analyzing data from experiments to interpret results and determine if they prove or disprove the original hypothesis.
4. Publishing findings so other scientists can review and potentially replicate the research.
The key steps are formulating a research problem and hypothesis, designing a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis through measurable data collection and analysis, and communicating results. The overall goal is to advance scientific understanding through this systematic process.
Formulating questions and hypotheses yasser pp.docx
This document discusses the differences between research questions and research hypotheses. A research question is asking something where you have no expectations for the answer, while a research hypothesis is proposing an expected answer or relationship that needs to be tested. The document also notes that research questions support exploring both null and alternative hypotheses, and that research can involve multiple hypotheses or a mixture of questions and hypotheses. It lists reasons for a research question over a hypothesis, such as conflicting past results or a lack of previous research on the topic.
13 2 t4e_chapterthirteen_powerpointw_teays
The document discusses how to critically evaluate information found on the internet. It provides tips for assessing the credibility of websites and content, including checking the author's credentials, purpose of the content, currency of information, and use of evidence and citations. It also warns about potential inaccuracies or biases that can exist in blogs, wikis, and other open content due to a lack of oversight or verification of author qualifications.
10b 2 t4_powerpoint_new
The document discusses different types of logical relationships between categorical propositions:
1) Contraries are propositions that cannot both be true but could both be false, with one being necessarily false if the other is true.
2) Subcontraries are propositions that cannot both be false but could both be true, with one being necessarily true if the other is false.
3) Contradictories are propositions that cannot both be true or both be false.
It also discusses inferences that can be drawn between categorical propositions, including subalternation, obversion, conversion, and contraposition.
4 2 t4_chapterfourpowerpoint
The document discusses different types of logical propositions and logical connectives. It defines propositions, tautologies, contradictions, and contingent claims. It then explains the different types of compound propositions using logical connectives such as conjunctions, disjunctions, negations, conditionals, and biconditionals. Various logical forms are also summarized, such as categorical propositions, Demorgan's laws, transposition, material implication, exportation, and equivalence.
10b 2 t4_powerpoint_new
The document discusses different types of logical relationships between categorical propositions:
1) Contraries are propositions that cannot both be true but could both be false, with one being necessarily false if the other is true.
2) Subcontraries are propositions that cannot both be false but could both be true, with one being necessarily true if the other is false.
3) Contradictories are propositions that cannot both be true or both be false.
It also discusses inferences that can be drawn between categorical propositions, including subalternation, obversion, conversion, and contraposition.
Prayer for Poverty, Chastity and Obedience
The document contains three prayers requesting different gifts from God. The first prayer asks for the gift of poverty and to reveal any excessive attachments that prevent a complete "Yes" to God. It asks to learn to rely on God's presence rather than material comforts. The second prayer asks for the gift of chastity and purity to strengthen the body, spirit and soul. The third prayer requests the gift of obedience to listen to God's will and live in obedience through contemplation and service.
13 2 t4e_chapterthirteen_powerpointw_teays
The document discusses how to critically evaluate information found on the internet. It provides tips for assessing the credibility of websites and content, including checking the author's credentials, purpose of the content, currency of information, and use of evidence and citations. It also warns about potential deception from websites, blogs, and wikis and emphasizes the need to approach online information with care and scrutiny.
More Related Content
What's hot
M12 power point understanding the working outline
This document provides guidance on creating an effective working outline for an argumentative essay. It explains that outlines are useful for longer compositions that use sources and develop a logical argument. The key parts of a working outline are then defined, including the title, thesis statement, introductory rationale, main supporting claims, evidence, counterarguments, and concluding rationale. For each section, advice is given on how to develop that part of the outline. Students are reminded that the outline is a roadmap for their writing but may require some flexibility.
Ch03 critical thinking
The document discusses critical thinking and models for analyzing texts. It introduces the Interpretive Critical Thinking Model, which involves analyzing a text by considering its main point, supplementary messages, context, author's point of view, assumptions, facts, themes, logic, relationships to other works, and reflection on one's own ideas. It also describes the Toulmin method for analyzing arguments by identifying the claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. The goal is to teach readers how to carefully analyze what they read through identifying key elements of texts and evaluating the strength of arguments.
Rothman discourse essay prompt context when y
This document provides context and instructions for a discourse essay assignment. The goals of the essay are to: 1) Interpret and portray crucial perspectives from sources on the research topic; 2) Present and evaluate those perspectives; and 3) Outline what the author wants to add to the discussion and how it responds to existing ideas. The essay should demonstrate understanding of prior discussions around the research focus, clarify how that informs the author's thinking, and identify planned contributions in dialogue with other works. The essay must be 4-5 pages, cite at least six total sources with four from academic works, and be formatted with APA style citations and a references page. It is due by the specified date.
M11 power point the argument essay be an attorney
This document provides guidance on writing an argument thesis statement for an argument essay. It explains that an argument thesis must take a stand on an issue that others could reasonably disagree with and be supported with evidence. It provides examples of weak and strong thesis statements and explains the different types of argument claims a thesis could make, such as claims of definition, cause and effect, value, or solutions. The document emphasizes thinking of yourself as an advocate for your thesis and considering how to reframe a research question into an argument thesis statement.
Academic essay
Writing an academic essay involves structuring a coherent argument and presenting ideas in a logical order. A typical essay introduces the argument, analyzes evidence, considers counterarguments, and concludes. Different types of information like background context are often located in specialized sections. Successful essays anticipate questions readers may have like "what evidence supports the thesis?", "how does the thesis address counterarguments?", and "why does this matter?". Answering these questions fully helps structure the essay and ensure the argument has significance for readers.
Focusing your LOI
The document provides guidance on effective research methods for open-minded inquiry. It advises against one-sided research aimed only at confirming pre-existing opinions or finding simple answers. Effective inquiry requires considering multiple perspectives, following leads, asking new questions, and seeking to understand complex issues rather than oversimplify them. Key recommendations include focusing research on answering questions to become an expert on the issue, using various search techniques and grouping keywords to maximize results, and avoiding opinions to focus on factual information.
Costas level-of-question-and-thinking-1
Here are three questions at different levels for each topic:
Ecology
Level 1: Define ecology.
Level 2: Compare and contrast the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Level 3: Predict how climate change could impact local ecosystems over the next 50 years.
Tissue
Level 1: Name the four main types of tissue found in the human body.
Level 2: Explain the role of connective tissue in the body.
Level 3: Imagine you could design an artificial tissue - how might it differ from natural tissue?
Agenda
Level 1: What are the key items typically included on a meeting agenda?
Level 2: Analyze why an agenda is an important tool for keeping a meeting
Writing workshop by Dr. Ali Cullerton
This document outlines topics from an APA & Writing Workshop course taught by Dr. Cullerton. It discusses challenges with literacy autobiographies such as in-text citations, organization, and conclusions. It also covers different types of writing like narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and analytical. Examples are provided for persuasive and analytical essays. Other topics covered include elements of an essay, writing in response to texts, and defining text complexity.
Chapter 6.2
There are six common thought patterns authors use to organize information: illustration/example, definition, comparison/contrast, cause/effect, classification, and chronological order/process. Recognizing the thought pattern can help the reader make accurate predictions and better study the material. The class will be split into groups, each teaching one thought pattern through its characteristics, examples, and an exercise. Other useful patterns are statement and clarification, summary, and addition. Transition words are important for recognizing and writing with different organizational structures.
Planning and writing assignments
This document provides guidance on various aspects of completing a written assignment, including reading the brief, conducting research, managing time, taking notes, creating a plan, writing, and proofreading. It recommends highlighting keywords in the brief, understanding assessment criteria, researching relevant information from multiple sources, breaking assignments into tasks with deadlines, taking notes without plagiarizing, structuring written work with an introduction, body, and conclusion, and having another review the work for errors. The goal is to help students effectively complete assignments by planning, organizing research, and drafting and proofreading their work.
Dean r berry persuasive argument suicide debate
The document discusses reading persuasive texts critically. It emphasizes identifying the author's claim, and examining if the evidence provided sufficiently supports that claim. It outlines different types of evidence like statistical, testimonial, anecdotal, and analogical evidence that authors may present. It encourages annotating the text to separate arguments from opinions, and noting assumptions, evidence, and key ideas. The goal is for readers to evaluate how strong the author's argument is based on the evidence.
POWER REVIEW FOR COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMNATIONS
This document provides information and tips for preparing for and taking college entrance exams. It includes details on common exam types and schedules for colleges in Northern Luzon, Philippines. Test-taking strategies are outlined, such as managing anxiety, using review tools, and tips for multiple choice, essay, true/false, and objective questions. Coverage areas are also listed for English, science, math and abstract reasoning sections.
Criteria ratings points content 65 to 59.0 ptsadvanced
The document provides a grading rubric for a situation analysis assignment on a book by Richard Holbrooke called "To End a War". Students are asked to analyze a difficult situation Holbrooke faced and evaluate what they would have done the same or differently. The rubric evaluates the analysis on content, analysis/conclusion, structure/formatting, and spelling/grammar on a scale from advanced to developing. Students must thoroughly address the points, clearly articulate arguments, follow Turabian guidelines, and have few spelling or grammar errors to receive the highest scores.
Seu hcm515 critical thinking writing rubric module 6
This document outlines a rubric for evaluating critical thinking writing assignments in a module 6 course. It evaluates submissions on content, research, analysis, sources, and mechanics. For each category, it provides criteria for exceeds expectations, meets expectations, below expectations, and limited evidence. Points are assigned for each level of achievement in each category, with exceeds expectations receiving the most points and limited evidence receiving the fewest. The total possible points that can be earned is 105.
Scientific Research Steps Part 2
This document outlines the steps of the scientific research method and experimental design process. It discusses:
1. Defining the research question and formulating a hypothesis.
2. Designing an experiment to test the hypothesis, including identifying variables, controls, and repeated trials.
3. Collecting and analyzing data from experiments to interpret results and determine if they prove or disprove the original hypothesis.
4. Publishing findings so other scientists can review and potentially replicate the research.
The key steps are formulating a research problem and hypothesis, designing a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis through measurable data collection and analysis, and communicating results. The overall goal is to advance scientific understanding through this systematic process.
Formulating questions and hypotheses yasser pp.docx
This document discusses the differences between research questions and research hypotheses. A research question is asking something where you have no expectations for the answer, while a research hypothesis is proposing an expected answer or relationship that needs to be tested. The document also notes that research questions support exploring both null and alternative hypotheses, and that research can involve multiple hypotheses or a mixture of questions and hypotheses. It lists reasons for a research question over a hypothesis, such as conflicting past results or a lack of previous research on the topic.
What's hot (16)
Criteria ratings points content 65 to 59.0 ptsadvanced
Criteria ratings points content 65 to 59.0 ptsadvanced
Seu hcm515 critical thinking writing rubric module 6
Seu hcm515 critical thinking writing rubric module 6
Formulating questions and hypotheses yasser pp.docx
Formulating questions and hypotheses yasser pp.docx
Viewers also liked
13 2 t4e_chapterthirteen_powerpointw_teays
The document discusses how to critically evaluate information found on the internet. It provides tips for assessing the credibility of websites and content, including checking the author's credentials, purpose of the content, currency of information, and use of evidence and citations. It also warns about potential inaccuracies or biases that can exist in blogs, wikis, and other open content due to a lack of oversight or verification of author qualifications.
10b 2 t4_powerpoint_new
The document discusses different types of logical relationships between categorical propositions:
1) Contraries are propositions that cannot both be true but could both be false, with one being necessarily false if the other is true.
2) Subcontraries are propositions that cannot both be false but could both be true, with one being necessarily true if the other is false.
3) Contradictories are propositions that cannot both be true or both be false.
It also discusses inferences that can be drawn between categorical propositions, including subalternation, obversion, conversion, and contraposition.
4 2 t4_chapterfourpowerpoint
The document discusses different types of logical propositions and logical connectives. It defines propositions, tautologies, contradictions, and contingent claims. It then explains the different types of compound propositions using logical connectives such as conjunctions, disjunctions, negations, conditionals, and biconditionals. Various logical forms are also summarized, such as categorical propositions, Demorgan's laws, transposition, material implication, exportation, and equivalence.
10b 2 t4_powerpoint_new
The document discusses different types of logical relationships between categorical propositions:
1) Contraries are propositions that cannot both be true but could both be false, with one being necessarily false if the other is true.
2) Subcontraries are propositions that cannot both be false but could both be true, with one being necessarily true if the other is false.
3) Contradictories are propositions that cannot both be true or both be false.
It also discusses inferences that can be drawn between categorical propositions, including subalternation, obversion, conversion, and contraposition.
Prayer for Poverty, Chastity and Obedience
The document contains three prayers requesting different gifts from God. The first prayer asks for the gift of poverty and to reveal any excessive attachments that prevent a complete "Yes" to God. It asks to learn to rely on God's presence rather than material comforts. The second prayer asks for the gift of chastity and purity to strengthen the body, spirit and soul. The third prayer requests the gift of obedience to listen to God's will and live in obedience through contemplation and service.
13 2 t4e_chapterthirteen_powerpointw_teays
The document discusses how to critically evaluate information found on the internet. It provides tips for assessing the credibility of websites and content, including checking the author's credentials, purpose of the content, currency of information, and use of evidence and citations. It also warns about potential deception from websites, blogs, and wikis and emphasizes the need to approach online information with care and scrutiny.
11 2 t4_chapter11powerpoint
The document discusses the power and importance of language. It explains that language can be used to describe, define concepts, and shape cultural norms. Descriptions, definitions, and acceptable language can vary based on context and culture. Language can also be used to mislead through ambiguity, loaded words, propaganda, and hate speech. However, language also has the power to transform society for good when used to inspire, uplift, and call people to action for positive change.
Preachers of Grace, Witnesses to the Resurrection
A presentation on Mary Catherine Hilkert, OP's article
A course requirement on the Spirituality of the Preacher (2nd semester 2012-13)
3 -2 t4-chapter_three_powerpoint_w_teays
This document provides guidance on analyzing arguments and articles through critical thinking. It discusses evaluating evidence, including facts, testimony, statistics, and different types of reasoning. It provides a checklist for weighing evidence and outlines how to structure an analysis. Key points include examining an argument's thesis, approach, claims, and quality of support, as well as looking for bias, assumptions, and weaknesses in the reasoning. The goal is to assess how convincingly the case is made and determine if it is persuasive.
14b 2 t4_chapterfourteenpowerpoint
The document provides guidance on critically analyzing popular culture works through examining both their context and content. It emphasizes the importance of considering the context, such as the intended audience, socio-political climate, and any corporate or ideological influences. When assessing the content, it recommends analyzing elements like genre, plot, characters, narrative elements, and interpreting different levels of meaning. The tools outlined help readers develop a sophisticated understanding of popular culture.
12 2 t4_chaptertwelvepowerpointw_teays
The document discusses advertising techniques and assumptions. It analyzes how ads today are more subtle and sophisticated than in the past. Ads routinely make assumptions about consumers' needs, desires, fears and prejudices. Key fallacies used in advertising include appeals to popularity, improper appeals to authority, accentuating words to distort meaning, presenting only two choices when more exist, and creating ambiguities through double meanings. Effective ads use shame, optimism, solutions and rationales to sell products by addressing perceived problems.
9 2 t4_chapterninepowerpoint
The document discusses syllogisms, which are logical arguments with two premises and a conclusion. It defines the key components of a syllogism, including terms, validity, categorical propositions, and the four figures or patterns that a syllogism can take. Rules for syllogisms are also outlined, such as that the middle term must be distributed at least once and premises and conclusions must align in terms of positive and negative forms.
How to connect Literature with Cinema?
This document summarizes and compares literature works that were adapted into films. It discusses how the 1913 film Raja Harishchandra was based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. It also analyzes similarities and differences between the novel and film versions of The Guide, and between Shakespeare's play Hamlet and the film Haider. While the stories, settings and some characters translate between works, the films also make changes to suit the new eras and means of expression. Overall, the document examines how art forms can enrich each other through adaptation while maintaining independent artistic value.
7 2 t4_chaptersevenpowerpoint
This document provides an overview of common types of fallacies, which are misleading or deceptive arguments. It discusses four major categories of fallacies: fallacies of relevance, fallacies of presumption, fallacies of ambiguity, and formal fallacies. For each category, it provides examples and explanations of specific fallacies such as ad hominem attacks, slippery slope arguments, equivocation, affirming the consequent, and more.
Inductive methods
The document discusses several methods of inductive argumentation described by John Stuart Mill for drawing general conclusions from specific observations or facts. These include the method of agreement, method of difference, joint method of agreement and difference, method of residues, and method of concomitant variations. Examples are provided to illustrate each method and how they can be used to infer causal relationships between phenomena based on commonalities and differences observed across multiple instances.
T whitley unit 5 project
This is one of many assignments from my Psychological Profiling course at Kaplan University, completed during my time there as a student, on Dec. 6, 2011.
Scientific Methods of Inquiry (2 of 5)
- A brief presentation on Method of Agreement and Method of Difference (2 out of Mill's 5 Canons)
- For USTGS 1st semester 2013-14
5 2 t4e_chapter_fivepowerpoint
This document provides an overview of deductive and inductive reasoning, including the key differences between the two. It defines deductive arguments as those where the premises are sufficient to guarantee the truth of the conclusion. Inductive arguments, on the other hand, can only provide partial or probabilistic support for the conclusion because there is always a "wedge of doubt" between the premises and conclusion. The document also outlines different types of deductive arguments like categorical syllogisms and modus ponens, as well as examples of inductive arguments involving predictions, cause and effect, analogy, and statistics.
Quiz show inductive & deductive reasoning
The document discusses the differences between deductive and inductive reasoning. It provides examples of statements using each type of reasoning. Deductive reasoning draws conclusions based on general rules or principles, while inductive reasoning draws conclusions based on observations or a collection of evidence, even if limited. However, both types of reasoning can lead to incorrect conclusions if not applied carefully. Stereotypes in particular are usually formed through inductive or deductive reasoning but are not always accurate.
Inductive and Deductive Methods of Archetypal Criticism
This document provides information about Northrop Frye's archetypal criticism approach. It discusses two types of criticism - meaningful criticism based on philosophy and history, and meaningless criticism. It also outlines Frye's inductive and deductive methods of archetypal analysis. The inductive method proceeds from particular truths in a text to broader truths, while the deductive method establishes the meaning of a work from general truths. It compares literature to music and painting in having rhythmic and patterned elements.
Viewers also liked (20)
Inductive and Deductive Methods of Archetypal Criticism
Inductive and Deductive Methods of Archetypal Criticism
Similar to 15 2 t4echapter15_powerpoint(2)
LaneThinking about Thinking Using the Elements of Thoug.docx
The document discusses critical thinking skills and how to apply them when evaluating arguments and information. It defines critical thinking as "thinking about thinking" which involves self-consciously monitoring one's thinking process, evaluating the strategy used, and what was learned. Some key critical thinking steps outlined are identifying an argument's premises and conclusions, acknowledging uncertainties, distinguishing facts from values, recognizing assumptions, and determining source reliability. Universal intellectual standards for evaluating reasoning are also defined, including clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, and logic.
MGT 4670 Management PracticesHOW TO CONDUCT A CASE ANALYSIS(By.docx
MGT 4670 Management Practices
HOW TO CONDUCT A CASE ANALYSIS
(By Dess, Lumpkin and Eisner, Strategic Management: text and cases, 4th edition, 2008. McGraw Hill.)
How to Conduct a Case Analysis
The process of analyzing strategic management cases involves several steps. In this section, we review five steps to follow in preparing a case analysis.
Before beginning, point out that there are two prerequisites for effective case analysis. First, unless students prepare for a case discussion, there is little they can gain from the discussion and even less that they can offer.
Second, to get the most out of case analysis, students need to place themselves “inside” the case in order to think like an actual participant in the case situation. Before beginning the analysis, it may be helpful to envision assuming one of these roles:
1. Strategic Decision-MakerThe position of the senior executive responsible for resolving the situation that the case describes. It may be the CEO, the business owner, or a strategic manager in a key executive position.
2. Board of DirectorsThe Board of Directors has a responsibility to step in when a management crisis threatens the company. A board member may be in a unique position to solve problems.
3. Outside ConsultantConsultants often have an advantage because they can look at a situation objectively. But they may also be at a disadvantage since they have no power to enforce changes.
A. Become Familiar with the Material
Written cases often include a lot of material. The following technique can enhance comprehension:
1.Read through the case once quickly to get an overall sense of the material.
2.Use the initial read-through to assess possible links to strategic concepts.
3.Read through the case again, in depth. Make written notes as you read.
4.Evaluate how strategic concepts might inform key decisions or suggest alternative solutions.
5.After formulating an initial recommendation, thumb through the case again to assess the consequences of the actions you propose.
B.Identify Problems
One of the main reasons to conduct case analysis is to find solutions. Unless you know the problem, however, it is meaningless to attempt to find an answer. Some cases have more than one problem. Even so, emphasize that the problems are usually related.
When trying to determine the problem, it is easy to get hung up on symptoms. Emphasize the importance of seeing beyond the immediate symptoms to the more fundamental problems.
Another tip when preparing a case analysis is to articulate the problem. Point out that writing down a problem statement provides a reference point to turn to as the case analysis proceeds.
Sometimes, problems are not apparent until after the case has been analyzed.
C.Conduct Strategic Analyses
This textbook has presented numerous analytical tools (such as five forces analysis and value chain analysis), contingency frameworks (such as when to use related rather than unrelated diversification ...
Stats & facts observerfpa journal.org12 journal of financ
1) The document provides tips for evaluating research-based writing by outlining 8 key questions to ask when reading academic research. These questions include understanding the problem/question being addressed, the methodology, results, practical applications, and implications for changing practice.
2) It also discusses the importance of practitioners becoming better able to recognize and apply research-based writing in order to strengthen the field of financial planning as a true profession.
3) Practitioners are encouraged to deepen their connection with academics producing research and to apply theory from academic research to their practice.
Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docx
Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
The Title of the Paper
First name Last name
PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning
Prof. Immanuel Kant
January 1, 2014
SHORTENED TITLE 2
Title
Your first sentence should establish the question that orients the essay, taking
account of any ways in which you may need to modify or refine it. The rest of this
paragraph provides an introduction to the topic. Your introduction should focus on setting
out the topic and scope of the discussion in a way that clearly establishes what exactly
you will be talking about and why it is significant, and provides any necessary context
such as the background, current state of affairs, definitions of key terms, and so on. You
want to try to do this in a way that stays as neutral as possible, avoids controversial
assumptions, rhetorical questions, and the like. In other words, you should try to
construct an introduction to the topic that could be an introduction to a paper defending
any position on the question at issue. Your introduction should include a brief remark
about the kind of theory you will be using to approach this question. The last sentence of
the introduction should briefly summarize the conclusion or position on this issue that
you think is best supported by this theory, and succinctly state what the objection will be.
Theory Explanation
You should explain the core principles or features of either utilitarianism or
deontology and the general account of moral behavior it provides. “You must quote from
at least one Required Resource that defends or represents that theory, drawn from the list
included with the assignment instructions” (Author, YEAR, p. ###). Make sure that you
first understand the theory that you are using, and that you have read the Instructor
Guidance and any additional resources from the Required and Recommended Resources
as needed. If you do not adequately understand and explain the theory, you will not be
able to apply it adequately to the topic. You will need to explain the core principles in
SHORTENED TITLE 3
such a way that the theory’s application to the question raised in the Week One
Assignment will be as straightforward and clear as possible.
Theory Application
Explain how the core principles or features of this theory apply to the problem or
question under consideration and identify the specific moral conclusion that results. Your
application should clearly show how the conclusion follows from the main tenets of the
theory as explained in the previous paragraph(s). An application involves showing how
general ideas about how to live and act ethically, when combined with the specific
circumstances under consideration, lead to conclusions about how one should act in those
circumstances. A very simple, non-moral example of such reasoning might start with the
general idea that “if I’m hungry, I ought to eat,” apply that to the specific circumstances
in which “I’.
Science skills
This document provides definitions and steps for scientific concepts including observation, interpretation, hypothesis, experiment, classification, concept mapping, analogy, and generalization. Observation is something detected by senses or instruments, while interpretation is a possible explanation. A hypothesis interprets observations, which can be tested through experimentation by varying one condition while keeping others constant. Classification organizes data into groups based on common features. Concept mapping uses a diagram of circles and lines to show relationships between ideas. Analogies compare new concepts to familiar things to aid understanding. Generalizations draw conclusions about broad categories based on multiple examples.
D20-EWRT 1A
This document provides an agenda for an EWRT 1A class. It outlines topics to be covered, including a possible MLA style quiz, reviewing essays and integrating sources. It discusses counterarguments, alternative solutions, conclusions, sentence strategies, and citing sources. Formatting instructions are provided for in-text citations and block quotations. Students are encouraged to use summarized information from sources in their essays and properly cite it.
Critical and Analytical ThinkingCritical thinkin.docx
Critical and Analytical Thinking
Critical thinkingWord ‘critical’ has positive and negative meaningsThe word ‘critical’ in academia describes your attitude when reading an article/chapterBeing critical means weighing up the arguments for and against a particular point.
*
Not just the bad parts
How to think criticallyBe persistent – consider an issue carefully more than onceLook at the evidence for a viewpoint – evaluate it – what are they trying to ‘sell’ me?What are the implications of a view point – is it realistic and rational?Knowing facts and what is right is not what academics is aboutIt is important to identify strengths, satisfactory points and weaknesses when being critical – then you must know why this is soYou should be critical when reading, writing and listening
*
Need to fully understand an argument before you can be critical – be confident
Evaluate=what is the value/effectiveness of something, inc. own opinion and supporting each point with evidence
Question the credibility
You are just assessing ideas not learning the answers
Only want informed opinions
Analytical thinkingBeing analytical mean to look deeper into what is being saidDo not take what you read as ‘given’Evaluate what is being argued – do you agree with it?To be analytical is to question what you read
*
Not just reading what is said but ‘thinking’ about it
How to think analyticallyThink about the view point in relation to the bigger picture – stand backCompare the same issue from the point of other authors – do their views differ?Should be able to see why authors have arrived at different conclusionsYou should be able to argue why you think one set of view points is preferable to anotherYou should be analytical when reading, writing and listening
*
Think about your readings together, put into context
You should be asking why a conclusion has been made – need full understanding for this
Barriers to critical and analytical thinkingBeing critical does not just mean criticiseOur reasoning skills are not objective – we are biased ourselvesReluctance to criticise expertsWanting to know what is right and wrongNot reading deeply enough around a subject – surface knowledge
*
Not always black and white there are lots of grey areas in academics
Being analytical and critical is hard work, you have to read carefully and widely
Critical and analytical readingPrepare for critical reading – skim read the introduction and conclusionFind the conclusions first to help clarify the rest of the readingWhat is the underlying argument/ view point?Question hidden agendas or assumptionsTheory can help fill in the gaps – what is theory?
- set of ideas to explain why something happens and predict outcomes in the futureArguments are often based on theory but an argument is not always a theory
Critical and analytical readingWhere is the evidence for a view point?Check references – are they presented accurately and are they credible? - evaluate that evidence –.
HRMD 650 Organizational DevelopmentHow to Solve an Organizati.docx
HRMD 650: Organizational Development
How to Solve an Organizational Case Study – Case 1
A case study is a collection of facts and data based on a real or hypothetical business situation. The goal of a case study is to enhance your ability to solve business problems, using a logical framework. The issues in a case are generally not unique to a specific person, firm, or industry, and they often deal with more than one business strategy element. Sometimes, the material presented in a case may be in conflict. For example, two managers may disagree about a strategy or there may be several interpretations of the same facts.
In all case studies, you must analyze what is presented and state which specific actions best resolve major issues. These actions must reflect the information in the case and the environment facing the firm.
The case should not exceed six (6) pages in length, excluding the reference list.
STEPS IN SOLVING A CASE STUDY
Your analysis should include these sequential steps:
1. Presentation of the facts surrounding the case. (~0.5 page)
2. Identification of the key issues. (~0.5 page)
3. Listing of alternative courses of action that could be taken. (~1 page)
4. Evaluation of alternative courses of action. (~1.5 pages)
5. Recommendation of the best course of action. (~1.5 pages)
Presentation of the Facts Surrounding the Case
It is helpful to read a case until you are comfortable with the information in it. Re-readings often are an aid to comprehending facts, possible strategies, or questions that need clarification and were not apparent earlier. In studying a case, assume you are an outside consultant hired by the firm. While facts should be accepted as true, statements, judgments, and decisions made by the individuals in a case should be questioned, especially if not supported by facts—or when one individual disagrees with another.
During your reading of the case, you should underline crucial facts, interpret figures and charts, critically review the comments made by individuals, judge the rationality of past and current decisions, and prepare questions whose answers would be useful in addressing the key issue(s).
Identification of the Key Issue(s)
The facts stated in a case often point to the key issue(s) facing an organization, such as new opportunities, a changing environment, a decline in competitive position, or excess inventories. Identify the characteristics and ramifications of the issue(s) and examine them, using the material in the case and the text. Sometimes, you must delve deeply because the key issue(s) and their characteristics may not be immediately obvious.
Listing Alternative Courses of Action That Could Be Taken
Next, present alternative actions pertaining to the key issue(s) in the case. Consider courses of action based on their suitability to the firm and situation. Proposed courses of action should take into account such factors as the goals, the customer market, the overall organiza ...
Critical reading as a part of critical writing
This document discusses critical reading and how it is essential for critical writing. Critical reading involves making judgments about how a text is argued rather than just extracting facts. It requires standing back from the text and evaluating aspects like context, reasoning, evidence, strengths/weaknesses. Practical tips include highlighting arguments not just facts, focusing on patterns/meanings over examples, and using quotations critically with own analysis. Mastering critical reading helps one develop the skills for critical thinking and writing.
THEMATIC ANALYSIS.pptx
Thematic analysis is a 6-step method for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns or themes within qualitative data. It involves: 1) becoming familiar with the data through transcription and reading, 2) generating initial codes to label important features, 3) searching for themes by sorting different codes into potential themes, 4) reviewing themes by checking if they fit the coded extracts and entire data set, 5) defining and refining the themes, and 6) producing the final analysis and reporting of the themes. Thematic analysis allows for flexibility in analyzing various types of qualitative data to understand people's experiences, perspectives, and views on a research topic.
Higher level
Higher level thinking skills are essential for teaching language arts and can be developed using Bloom's Taxonomy. Bloom's Taxonomy outlines six levels of thinking skills - from basic recall to more advanced skills like analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Teachers are encouraged to incorporate the full range of skills in their language arts lessons to help students master the curriculum standards. The document provides examples and templates to help teachers design questions and activities targeting each level of thinking.
Using Problem Solving Skills To Get A Job
The document provides an overview of problem solving skills and thinking differently, with the goal of helping unemployed professionals think in new ways to find jobs. It discusses critical vs creative thinking, systems thinking, statistical thinking, intuition, problem solving tools/methods, and lateral/intuitive thinking. Techniques for thinking differently include meditation, reconnecting with senses/intuition, analogies/metaphors, conversations/interviews, and learning something new. The document aims to get readers to open their minds to new ideas and think in ways outside their comfort zones.
Critical Thinking
The document discusses critical thinking as an important skill that involves questioning, analyzing, and evaluating ideas rather than passively accepting information. It emphasizes that critical thinking is an exercise that requires actively using your mind. Some of the aspects of critical thinking covered include abstract thinking, creative thinking, systematic thinking, and communicative thinking. The document also contrasts characteristics of critical versus uncritical thinkers.
Class 34
The document provides guidance on drafting an essay that proposes a solution to a problem. It outlines the key parts of the essay, including presenting the problem, stating a thesis, describing the proposed solution, anticipating counterarguments, and considering alternative solutions. It emphasizes revising each section, integrating research, and citing sources properly. The document reviews punctuation rules for quotes, summarizing information, and avoiding grammatical errors. It encourages developing responses to counterarguments and following up on additional research.
PHIL 2306 Intro. to Ethics Components of an Argument Pro.docx
PHIL 2306: Intro. to Ethics
Components of an Argument
Professor J. Welsh
Components of an Argument:
An argument is made up of two or more propositions, one of which is claimed to be supported by the
other.
A proposition, in logic, is a statement that expresses a complete thought. Propositions can be true or
false, and the same proposition can be stated in different ways.
example:
“Torturing children is wrong” is the same content as “It is wrong to torture children”
There are two types of propositions:
conclusions—a proposition that is affirmed or denied on the basis of the other propositions.
premise—a proposition that provides reasons or support for the conclusion.
An argument can have more than one premise.
Once a conclusion is established with premises, it is sometimes then used as a premise to establish
the soundness of another conclusion.
The process by which we move from the premise(s) to the conclusion(s) is known as inference:
Inference: Draws a conclusion on the basis of certain evidence. Inference is only justified if the
evidence is related to the conclusion in the right way. Logic is what identifies how evidence and
conclusions must be related in order for us to claim that the evidence supports the conclusion.
Therefore, you find that the foundation of the argument are the premises.
In a good argument, the premises must be strong enough to support the conclusion and withstand
challenges.
Ethical arguments may contain different types of propositions as premises:
descriptive statements—tell us what is.
prescriptive statements—tell us what ought to be; that is, they deal with values. Normative
judgments and moral principles are prescriptive statements.
definitions—sometimes premises are merely definitions of key terms that may otherwise be
ambiguous, due to having different possible meanings.
analogies—a comparison based upon similarities between two things or events . In logic, analogies
are used to support the conclusion that because things are similar in some important respects,
they are also similar in other respects.
Rhetoric vs. Logical Argumentation:
We distinguish logical argument from what is called rhetoric.
Rhetoric is a means of defending a particular worldview or opinion, rather than analyzing it.
In logical arguments we end with the conclusion; whereas with rhetoric begins with a “pseudo-
conclusion” or opinion.
A rhetorician is distinguished by their using only those statements that support their particular
position, disregarding any statements or facts that do not.
The purpose of rhetoric is to win your opponents over to your view through the power of
persuasive speech, whereas we say that the purpose of a logical argument is to discover the
truth.
Analyzing Arguments:
We analyze arguments, first, by breaking down the argument into premises and conclusion.
One page 51 in the textbook, Bos.
Reading by task type
This document provides guidance on how to approach different types of reading comprehension tasks that may appear on exams. It discusses previewing the text by looking at titles, headings, diagrams, and glossaries. It recommends experimenting with different reading strategies, such as reading questions first or skimming the entire passage, to determine the best approach. The document then outlines specific strategies for tasks involving finding explicit information, completing sentences with words from the text, and filling in diagrams, emphasizing carefully following instructions and using exact words or phrases from the passage.
Integrating_Critical_Thinking_in_the_ESL.ppt
The document discusses strategies for integrating critical thinking skills in the ESL classroom. It provides definitions of critical thinking and examines techniques for teaching critical thinking skills to students, such as asking open-ended questions, training students to form strong arguments and recognize their own biases, and using methods like think-pair-share and jigsaw activities. The document also outlines common decision-making problems and offers advice on nurturing creativity and refining reasoning abilities.
Assignment 3 Critical Thinking in ActionAssignmentsCritic.docx
Assignment 3: Critical Thinking in Action
Assignments
Critical Thinking in Action
Background
What is Critical Thinking?
The head of your organization pulled you aside and asked you to review a workplace dispute. She said, “Apply your best critical thinking to figure out what happened and what decision can best remedy this situation.” She wants your analysis in two weeks.
To begin, let’s consider what it means to engage in critical thinking. While the
application
of critical thinking may vary across disciplines, the steps are universal. Adapted from the writings of Bassham, Irwin, Nardone, and Wallace (2011); Lau (2011); and Lau and Chan (2015), critical thinking involves thinking clearly and systematically, and encompasses
Formulating ideas succinctly and precisely
Identifying the relevance and importance of ideas
Understanding the logical connections between ideas
Identifying, constructing and evaluating arguments, claims, and evidence
Recognizing explicit and implicit assumptions, arguments, and biases
Detecting inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning
Formulating clear defensible ideas and conclusions
Evaluating the pros and cons of decisions
Reflecting on one’s own beliefs and values
Applying ethical decision making
The steps involved in critical thinking can be employed universally, in the analysis of all thoughts and actions —whether you are analyzing documents, ideas, assertions, or the quality of decisions/solutions.
Most importantly, critical thinking is purposeful. It is not restricted solely to information gathering, nor is it about being “negative and fault-finding” (Bassham et. al., 2011 p. 1). As Lau and Chan write, “A critical thinker is able to deduce consequences from what he knows, and he knows how to make use of information to solve problems, and to seek relevant sources of information to inform himself” (2015, para 1). While the process of critical thinking may involve exposing untruths and poor reasoning, it also involves engaging in cooperative reasoning for the purposes of shared goals and decision making. We engage in the steps of critical thinking to learn deeply, to improve our ideas, to strengthen arguments and to “enhance work processes and improve social institutions” (Lau and Chan, 2015 para 2).
Critical thinking aligns with and informs ethical reasoning and decision-making. Internet marketing expert Nick Melillo (2010) writes
Critical thinking plays a large role in ethics because it is the process by which we determine for ourselves whether or not something is right or wrong. In a sense, critical thinking is a form of analysis and determination of fact vs. fiction, identifying the unknown, coming to an understanding, etc… By taking the path of a critical thinker, a person develops a mental process of evaluation which helps to determine their ethical standards. (p. 1)
The process of critical thinking helps us weigh and verify information, assess intent, and consider consequences, thereby e.
Articles from Scholarly Journals (peer reviewed)
The document provides strategies for effectively interacting with and summarizing scholarly journal articles. It recommends beginning with the conclusion to determine if the article supports your research. It then outlines seven steps: 1) evaluate the article's relevance; 2) gather pertinent information; 3) interact with the content; 4) understand limitations; 5) incorporate information into notes; 6) use notes to incorporate expert opinions into your research; 7) repeat for additional articles. The strategies aim to help readers efficiently glean useful information from lengthy scholarly sources.
Similar to 15 2 t4echapter15_powerpoint(2) (19)
LaneThinking about Thinking Using the Elements of Thoug.docx
LaneThinking about Thinking Using the Elements of Thoug.docx
MGT 4670 Management PracticesHOW TO CONDUCT A CASE ANALYSIS(By.docx
MGT 4670 Management PracticesHOW TO CONDUCT A CASE ANALYSIS(By.docx
Stats & facts observerfpa journal.org12 journal of financ
Stats & facts observerfpa journal.org12 journal of financ
Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docx
Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docx
Critical and Analytical ThinkingCritical thinkin.docx
Critical and Analytical ThinkingCritical thinkin.docx
HRMD 650 Organizational DevelopmentHow to Solve an Organizati.docx
HRMD 650 Organizational DevelopmentHow to Solve an Organizati.docx
PHIL 2306 Intro. to Ethics Components of an Argument Pro.docx
PHIL 2306 Intro. to Ethics Components of an Argument Pro.docx
Assignment 3 Critical Thinking in ActionAssignmentsCritic.docx
Assignment 3 Critical Thinking in ActionAssignmentsCritic.docx
More from sagebennet
Existentialism sartre etc.-
Existentialism was concerned with radical freedom, the nature of being, and responsibility. Key figures included Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Martin Heidegger, and Edmund Husserl. Sartre believed that existence precedes essence, meaning humans define themselves through their actions rather than having a predetermined nature. For Sartre, people are condemned to be free without excuses or God, resulting in anguish over absolute responsibility. De Beauvoir applied existentialist thought to feminism, arguing that womanhood is a social construct used to oppress women. Phenomenology focused on investigating conscious experiences without assumptions, while Heidegger explored the question of being and our tendency to get lost
New thought
New Thought is a distinctively American religious movement that began in the 19th century based on the ideas that thoughts can create reality and healing. It emphasizes the power of the mind in areas like intuition, spiritual healing, and creating one's own reality through affirmative prayer and meditation. Some key figures in the development of New Thought include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Phineas Quimby, Mary Baker Eddy, and Ernest Holmes. The document contrasts the concepts of visualization, which uses premeditated ideas, and visioning, which tries to let visions come without preconceptions in order to be pulled by a higher vision.
10a chaptertenpowerpoint new
The document discusses various rules of inference used in deductive reasoning. It defines validity and provides examples of valid argument forms like modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, and disjunctive syllogism. It also discusses fallacies like affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent that invalidate arguments despite having true premises. The document aims to explain logical reasoning tools to evaluate arguments.
8 chapter eightpowerpoint
This document summarizes key concepts in causal and statistical reasoning. It discusses cause and effect relationships, associations versus causal relationships, and fallacies involving false correlations. It also outlines philosopher John Stuart Mill's methods for determining causation, including the method of agreement, method of difference, joint method, and method of concomitant variation. Finally, it discusses aspects of statistical studies such as sample size, diversity, and margin of error, as well as the forms and strength of statistical arguments.
14b 2 t4_chapterfourteenpowerpoint
The document provides guidance on critically analyzing popular culture works through examining both their context and content. It emphasizes the importance of considering the context, such as the intended audience, socio-political climate, and any underlying agendas. When assessing the content, it recommends analyzing elements like genre, plot, characters, narrative impact, and levels of interpretation. The tools outlined help readers look beneath the surface and draw meaningful insights about the influences and reflections of society within various popular works.
14a 2 t4_chapterfourteenpowerpoint_new
This document discusses the important role that journalists play in society by reporting news and analyzing issues in historical and political context. It warns against "tabloidism" and focuses too much on sensational stories rather than more significant issues. The document also emphasizes that a free press is vital for a democratic society by presenting a range of perspectives to help citizens become informed and think for themselves.
6 2 t4_chaptersixpowerpoint
The document discusses the use and analysis of analogical reasoning. It explains that an argument from analogy compares two things based on similarities to assert that a characteristic true of one thing is also true of the other. Analogies are commonly used in law, where previous cases set precedents that lawyers and judges use to reason about new cases. The document provides guidance on analyzing analogies, including identifying similarities and differences, and assessing whether an analogy is strong or weak based on the relative weight of the similarities versus differences. It also discusses how hypothetical scenarios are used in legal training to prepare students for analogical reasoning in applying laws and precedents to new cases.
4 2 t4_chapterfourpowerpoint
The document discusses different types of logical propositions and logical connectives. It defines propositions, tautologies, contradictions, and contingent claims. It then explains the structure of simple and compound propositions. The five logical connectives - conjunction, disjunction, negation, conditional, and biconditional - are defined. Various propositional forms are also described, including categorical propositions, conditional claims, and equivalence. Logical rules like DeMorgan's laws, transposition, material implication, exportation, and equivalence are outlined.
2 2 t4e_chapter_two_powerpoint_new1
The document discusses the components of an argument, including the thesis/conclusion and premises/evidence. It provides examples of how to describe facts versus inferences and how to analyze arguments by identifying assumptions, locating the conclusion, evaluating the strength of evidence/premises, and putting arguments in standard form. Transition words are also discussed.
1 2 t4_chapter_one_powerpoint_new
The document provides an overview of critical thinking skills and discusses addressing obstacles to developing those skills. It defines stereotypes as overgeneralizations that can bog down thinking and provides examples. It also discusses adopting multiple perspectives, recognizing biased language, and analyzing arguments by evaluating their structure and the truth of any premises.
Indigeneous religions
The document discusses several aspects of indigenous religions around the world including those of ancient Hawaiians, Native Americans, Inuit, Aboriginal Australians, and Maori of New Zealand. It covers obstacles to appreciating these religions, modern recovery efforts, and key elements like a respectful relationship with nature, the concepts of sacred time and space, the importance of origins, gods, and ancestors, and sacred practices like rituals and ceremonies. The document also addresses current threats facing indigenous religions from globalization, loss of lands and languages, and religious conversion.
Slide Show on Global Citizenship
The document discusses ways for people of all religious traditions to offer service and act as global citizens. It defines a global citizen as someone who is knowledgeable about other cultures beyond their own, understands global interdependence, and is committed to sustainability and social change. It provides examples of how to practice global citizenship, such as questioning stereotypes, celebrating diversity, thinking critically about global issues, and taking action against injustice.
Affirmative action 1
Affirmative action aims to remedy past discrimination and promote equal opportunity in employment and education by giving preferential treatment to minorities and women who have faced unjust mistreatment. Weak affirmative action, which ensures equal consideration without preferences, is less controversial than strong affirmative action, which actively prefers some groups over others to compensate for historical injustices and achieve diversity. Debates around affirmative action consider whether racial preferences for any group are justified or if they can be counterproductive.
More from sagebennet (13)
Recently uploaded
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcMain Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Recently uploaded (20)
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
15 2 t4echapter15_powerpoint(2)
- 1. Chapter Fifteen Clearing the Path: Legal Reasoning Second Thoughts , 4 th ed. Wanda Teays McGraw-Hill Higher Ed . © 2010. Wanda Teays. All rights reserved.