T whitley unit 5 project
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•587 views
This is one of many assignments from my Psychological Profiling course at Kaplan University, completed during my time there as a student, on Dec. 6, 2011.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Can Psychedelic Drugs Reduce Criminal Behavior?
Three studies have found that psychedelic drug use may reduce criminal behavior:
1) A 2017 study of over 480,000 people found that lifetime use of psilocybin and other psychedelics was associated with reduced odds of arrest and crimes like larceny, property crimes, violent crimes, and assault.
2) Between the 1950s-1970s, studies administering LSD and psilocybin to criminal offenders observed improvements in empathy, insight, and treatment engagement.
3) However, the 2017 study results are based on self-reports rather than observations, and more research is needed to understand how psychedelics impact the brain to influence behavior.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses two major influences on the choice of research method in sociology - positivism and interpretivism. Positivism views society like the natural sciences and uses quantitative methods to study social facts objectively from the outside. Interpretivism believes behavior is influenced by personal meanings and uses qualitative methods like participant observation to understand perspectives from within by getting involved. The two approaches differ in whether they take a macro or micro view of society and use structured or unstructured, large-scale or small-scale research techniques.
PREDICTION OF INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY, PSYCHOTICISM, PARANOIA, HOSTILITY BA...
PREDICTION OF INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY, PSYCHOTICISM, PARANOIA, HOSTILITY BA...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) as key
structures in the development of psychopathology. The purpose
of current research was studying the role of EMSs as the
predictor of psychiatric symptoms including interpersonal
sensitivity, psychoticism, paranoia, and hostility in the murderers
jailed in Shiraz city. Methods: Eighty male jailed murderers were
selected at hand sampling method. To gather the data,
Demographic Questionnaire, Young Maladaptive Schemas
Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Symptoms Checklist-
90-Revised (SCL-90-R)(questions related to the symptoms of
interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism, paranoia, and hostility)
were used. For data analysis, statistical methods of one way
variance analysis (ANOVA), Pearson correlation and stepwise
multiple-variable regression were used. Results: Data analysis
using stepwise multiple-variable regression showed that strongest
predictor related to any of interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism,
paranoia, hostility symptoms, listed respectively for these
symptoms, were schemas of subjugation, emotional inhibition,
entitlement/grandiosity , and emotional inhibition respectively.
Conclusions: As a whole, it is concluded that the EMSs can
predict psychiatric symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity,
psychoticism, paranoia, and hostility in the murderers.Disaster Preparedness Questionnaire Design and Pretest
A national survey is being conducted via telephone interviews to assess disaster experiences and preparedness. Over 3,300 interviews will be randomly conducted across the US, with the sample stratified into high risk and low risk areas. The survey was developed based on previous research, then pretested in iterations to refine the questions. Preliminary results show 462 interviews completed so far, but terrorism fatigue and refusals remain issues.
I did it
This document provides an overview of experimental psychology and the scientific method. It discusses the importance of gathering data systematically and objectively without personal biases. Nonexperimental research methods like case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys are described as alternatives to experiments that can still provide useful psychological data while imposing less control over subjects. Proper research ethics, obtaining informed consent, and avoiding harm to participants are emphasized.
Patton1990
This document discusses different strategies for purposefully selecting samples in qualitative research, specifically focusing on purposeful sampling. It describes three strategies: (1) extreme or deviant case sampling, which focuses on unusual or special cases that can be particularly informative; (2) intensity sampling, which selects information-rich cases that intensely manifest the phenomenon of interest; and (3) maximum variation sampling, which captures central themes across a diverse sample. The purpose of purposeful sampling is to select information-rich cases that will illuminate the research questions.
Constructing your Conceptual Framework
A step by step guide on identifying the theoretical framework ideal for your research and constructing the appropriate conceptual framework.
Observational method - Psychology
This document discusses observational methods in psychology. It describes the key features of observation, including selection, recording, analysis and interpretation. There are different types of observation such as naturalistic, controlled, structured and unstructured. Participant observation involves actively participating, while non-participant observation does not. Observational methods have advantages like directly observing behavior in natural settings, but disadvantages include not observing all behaviors and different interpretations among observers. The document concludes that observation is an important research method when combined with other approaches.
Recommended
Can Psychedelic Drugs Reduce Criminal Behavior?
Three studies have found that psychedelic drug use may reduce criminal behavior:
1) A 2017 study of over 480,000 people found that lifetime use of psilocybin and other psychedelics was associated with reduced odds of arrest and crimes like larceny, property crimes, violent crimes, and assault.
2) Between the 1950s-1970s, studies administering LSD and psilocybin to criminal offenders observed improvements in empathy, insight, and treatment engagement.
3) However, the 2017 study results are based on self-reports rather than observations, and more research is needed to understand how psychedelics impact the brain to influence behavior.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses two major influences on the choice of research method in sociology - positivism and interpretivism. Positivism views society like the natural sciences and uses quantitative methods to study social facts objectively from the outside. Interpretivism believes behavior is influenced by personal meanings and uses qualitative methods like participant observation to understand perspectives from within by getting involved. The two approaches differ in whether they take a macro or micro view of society and use structured or unstructured, large-scale or small-scale research techniques.
PREDICTION OF INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY, PSYCHOTICISM, PARANOIA, HOSTILITY BA...
PREDICTION OF INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY, PSYCHOTICISM, PARANOIA, HOSTILITY BA...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) as key
structures in the development of psychopathology. The purpose
of current research was studying the role of EMSs as the
predictor of psychiatric symptoms including interpersonal
sensitivity, psychoticism, paranoia, and hostility in the murderers
jailed in Shiraz city. Methods: Eighty male jailed murderers were
selected at hand sampling method. To gather the data,
Demographic Questionnaire, Young Maladaptive Schemas
Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Symptoms Checklist-
90-Revised (SCL-90-R)(questions related to the symptoms of
interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism, paranoia, and hostility)
were used. For data analysis, statistical methods of one way
variance analysis (ANOVA), Pearson correlation and stepwise
multiple-variable regression were used. Results: Data analysis
using stepwise multiple-variable regression showed that strongest
predictor related to any of interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism,
paranoia, hostility symptoms, listed respectively for these
symptoms, were schemas of subjugation, emotional inhibition,
entitlement/grandiosity , and emotional inhibition respectively.
Conclusions: As a whole, it is concluded that the EMSs can
predict psychiatric symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity,
psychoticism, paranoia, and hostility in the murderers.Disaster Preparedness Questionnaire Design and Pretest
A national survey is being conducted via telephone interviews to assess disaster experiences and preparedness. Over 3,300 interviews will be randomly conducted across the US, with the sample stratified into high risk and low risk areas. The survey was developed based on previous research, then pretested in iterations to refine the questions. Preliminary results show 462 interviews completed so far, but terrorism fatigue and refusals remain issues.
I did it
This document provides an overview of experimental psychology and the scientific method. It discusses the importance of gathering data systematically and objectively without personal biases. Nonexperimental research methods like case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys are described as alternatives to experiments that can still provide useful psychological data while imposing less control over subjects. Proper research ethics, obtaining informed consent, and avoiding harm to participants are emphasized.
Patton1990
This document discusses different strategies for purposefully selecting samples in qualitative research, specifically focusing on purposeful sampling. It describes three strategies: (1) extreme or deviant case sampling, which focuses on unusual or special cases that can be particularly informative; (2) intensity sampling, which selects information-rich cases that intensely manifest the phenomenon of interest; and (3) maximum variation sampling, which captures central themes across a diverse sample. The purpose of purposeful sampling is to select information-rich cases that will illuminate the research questions.
Constructing your Conceptual Framework
A step by step guide on identifying the theoretical framework ideal for your research and constructing the appropriate conceptual framework.
Observational method - Psychology
This document discusses observational methods in psychology. It describes the key features of observation, including selection, recording, analysis and interpretation. There are different types of observation such as naturalistic, controlled, structured and unstructured. Participant observation involves actively participating, while non-participant observation does not. Observational methods have advantages like directly observing behavior in natural settings, but disadvantages include not observing all behaviors and different interpretations among observers. The document concludes that observation is an important research method when combined with other approaches.
Week 5 Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Children and AdolescentsRe.docx
This document outlines a 4-stage protocol for rethinking criminal investigations when the existing theory appears incorrect:
1. Review all existing evidence without assumptions or biases.
2. Interpret the evidence from an unbiased perspective.
3. Look for patterns in the evidence that do not conform to the initial theory.
4. Conduct an objective analysis of all evidence and alternative theories.
The protocol aims to overcome cognitive biases like premature judgment, tunnel vision, and confirmation bias that can derail investigations and potentially lead to wrongful convictions.
Social Psychology 2_ Law
Kirk Bloodsworth was the first American sentenced to death row who was later exonerated by DNA evidence, despite already having his sentence commuted to life in prison. Several questions are raised about his wrongful conviction based on eyewitness testimony, including whether police procedures influenced eyewitness identifications and whether pretrial publicity prejudiced the jury. Social psychology can provide insights into how the criminal justice system's underlying psychological assumptions about eyewitness memory and behavior may not always be accurate. Variables like lineup administration procedures, witness characteristics, and event characteristics can impact eyewitness accuracy, and research on these system and estimator variables aims to reduce wrongful convictions.
Case Assessment Guidebook
1) The document discusses different approaches to criminal profiling, including organized/disorganized offender profiling, mixed offender profiling, and geographic profiling. It analyzes how these methods can help investigators understand a criminal's behavior and narrow down suspects.
2) Key differences between organized and disorganized offenders are outlined, such as how organized offenders plan their crimes while disorganized offenders act spontaneously. Serial killers Ted Bundy and David Berkowitz are used as examples.
3) The document argues that organized offenders should be prioritized in criminal profiling since they are more sophisticated and cunning, posing a greater challenge to apprehend.
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding.docx
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding psychological testing and specialized evaluations.
There are times when the expertise of psychology professionals and mental health professionals is used to protect both clients and society. This use of expertise calls for sensitive evaluation procedures fraught with risk for psychology professionals and mental health evaluators. The risk arises because opinion may be mistaken for fact, and this can result in unfair sentencing or lawsuits against the evaluator if the sensitive information is misused or misinterpreted in any way by third parties.
In a forensic setting, recommendations are made to assess and determine dangerousness, risk for recidivism, and the potential for future violence. These specialized evaluations require appropriate training and the administration of psychological tests designed to measure specific traits. The instruments designed to measure violence and dangerousness are surrounded by controversy because of their limited ability to assess risks beyond reasonable certainty. While they are often useful in yielding information about specific personality traits, no test can conclusively predict how and when an individual will act in any given situation. Therefore, these instruments are often the center of controversy in courts, particularly among defense attorneys. Psychological evaluations are defensible only to a certain degree. No matter what types of or how many valid instruments psychology professionals or mental health professionals use in the forensic assessment, the results will likely be viewed as the opinion of the examiner in a court of law. This leaves room for holes to be punched into theories of both the defense and the prosecution. It also reinforces the fact that you must obtain expertise through experience and training if you plan to conduct evaluations for use in the court or the legal system. The instruments will not be subject to a cross-examination as much as the evaluators who use them.
An additional factor subject to scrutiny in the legal system is the appropriateness of tests used on clients fitting certain racial, cultural, ethnic, and sexual orientation demographics if they are not represented by the norms on which the psychological tests were developed. While increasing efforts have been made recently by most test publishers to establish norms better matching race, culture, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, most major psychological instruments are still interpreted using standard norms and outdated representative populations. In addition, there is a controversy concerning what parameters of intelligence and developmental disability should be admissible in court. For example, if someone with moderate mental retardation commits murder and knows right from wrong, it is argued that the low intelligence of the individual is irrelevant in the case and should not influence sentencing. These scenarios are difficult to address with psycho.
RUNNINGHEAD Bias in Criminal Investigations .docx
RUNNINGHEAD: Bias in Criminal Investigations 1
Bias in Criminal Investigations
Alkhamis Abdualziz
Tiffin University
Bias in Criminal Investigations
06/09/2016
An Analogue Study of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigations
Convicting a suspect being guilty is usually a difficult task more especially to People given the responsibility to carry out the sentence. These individuals include; police officers, district attorneys, judges and jury members. This is widely contributed by risks they may face such as; developing confirmation bias or tunnel vision. These parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent
People are biased to test hypotheses by looking for confirmation rather than by searching for falsification. According to Kassin (2005) a research bases on psychology suggests that human beings rarely seek, interpret, and create behavioral data that verify it’ once they have an impression thus they are inclined for bias. In a classic study, Lord, Ross, and Lepper (1979) it was found out that confirmation bias has various definite level owing to the fact personal opinions do defer.
People have the aspects of favoring confirmation as laps testing strategy as illustrated by Wason’s card selection paradigm. They also tend to play a progressive role in producing information; apart from selectively confirming evidence, overweighting confirming evidence they also devise strategies in way that that they are more opportunist driven than falsification. (Snyder and Swann (1978) which used these case study to reach for a decision, the more confirming questions the interviewer asked, and the more likely naïve judges were to perceive the interviewee as an extravert. Hence, by asking confirmatory questions, people can actually create confirmatory behavioral information, even in the eye of the naïve beholder.
Confirmation bias is bound to occur during criminal proceeding due to the following; incidental miscarriages of justice in which confirmation bias on the part of police, public prosecution, and even the judge seems to have play central role. According to (Posthumus, 2005). Public defense and police seems to develop some kind of tunnel vision. Another reason is the structure of criminal proceeding. Judge prompt his verdict by naming the evidence that has led him to be convinced of the suspect’s guilt. Yet the process of justifying information is ignored. Criminal proceedings also affected by confirmation bias as (Meissner and kassim 2002) suggest. I t is difficult for police officer to change their minds if they believe that a suspect is lying. Same case applies to jurors they base their judgments on previous proceedings. Criminal procedure naturally provoke confirmation bias.
Three studies has been developed to help in determining between guilt-co.
Book Reference Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America C.docx
Book Reference
Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices (8th ed). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
(Courtesy mikeledray!Shutterstock.)
5 Criminallnvestigation
The Science of Sleuthing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
As a result of reading this chapter, the student will be able to:
0 Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics
f) Understand the origins of criminalistics as well as the types of information
that physical evidence can provide
8 Compare anthropometry and dactylography
0 Explain how Bertillon, Locard, Vollmer, and others contributed to the
development of criminal investigation techniques
0 Describe the kinds of qualities that detectives and undercover officers
need to possess
125
~
0 Delineate the functions of medical examiners and coroners
G Explain the basic functions of the polygraph and its legal status in the
courts
(i) Describe how DNA analysis operates (including a new approach, using
familial DNA) as well as recent developments and some legal and policy
issues concerning its use
f) Explain the contributions of social networking sites to criminal
investigations
41!> Describe the purpose and operation of a cold case squad
4D Clarify whether or not there is a "CSI effect" relating to criminal cases
0 Relate the contributions of dogs to the investigative process
Introduction
The challenges involved with investigating crimes may well be characterized by a quote from Ludwig
Wittgenstein: "How hard I find it to see what is right in front of my eyes I" Investigating crimes has
indeed become a complicated art as well as a science, as will be seen in this chapter.
The art of sleuthing has long fascinated the American public. People appear to be completely enthralled
with anything involving forensics and criminal psychoses (e.g., CSL Dexter, Criminal Minds), as well
as the exploits of detectives as they pursue serial killers (e.g., Silence of the Lambs, Se7en) Nor is this
public interest in sleuthing a recent phenomenon: for decades, Americans have feasted on the exploits
of dozens of fictional masterminds and detectives in books and movies, such as Arthur Conan Doyle's
Sherlock Holmes, Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple, and Clint Eastwood's Detective
"Dirty Harry" Callahan, to name a few.
In reality, investigative work is largely misunderstood, often boring, and overrated; it results in arrests
only a fraction of the time; and it relies strongly on the assistance of witnesses and even some luck.
Nonetheless, the related fields of forensic science and criminalistics are the most rapidly developing
areas of policing- and probably in all of criminal justice This is an exciting time to be in the investiga-
tive or forensic disciplines.
This chapter begins by defining forensic science and criminalistics and by looking at their origins;
included is a brief discussion of crime scenes. Then we review the ev ...
Decision making in criminals
1) The document discusses decision making in criminals from several perspectives, including rational choice theory, social bonding theory, and biological theories. It also presents two case studies of individuals who committed crimes and the influencing factors.
2) Cognitive limitations and use of heuristics are believed to influence criminal decision making. Deterrence theory also proposes that punishments can control crime through certainty, severity and clarity.
3) Adolescent decision making is still developing, and video research found they were more future-oriented and less peer-influenced than non-detained youth. Peer influence and strain were factors for the 16-year-old in the home invasion.
Running head COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION .docx
Running head: COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
Argosy University Comprehensive Examination
MA Forensic Psychology
COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
Psychological Theory and Practice/ Triage and Assessment
Introduction
The importance and rationale of conducting a pre-trial evaluation are to establish or
rather determine the competence level of a defendants and consequently establishing whether
or not the defendant can act with legal effectiveness. Different factors such as social and
cultural are all factors that should be taken into consideration when conducting a pre-trial
evaluation. The defendant, in this case, is a 27-year-old Asian male and currently residing in
Chicago, Illinois. The defendant, whose name is Mr. Jones, has been charged with possession
of a controlled substance and specifically MFG/DEL 1<15 GR COCAINE/ANLG which
constitutes to a class 1 felony offense. Based on the evaluation of the background, the
defendant seems to be of sound and also showcases the ability to make the rational decision
and also have the ability to clearly distinguish right from wrong.
The defendant appears to have sufficient literacy skills despite having being
diagnosed with dyslexia and hence has the ability to comprehend the place, time, place, and
even situation. Furthermore, from an observation perspective; although the defendant appears
to be a well-developed young person he has a history of mental illness that includes
psychiatric hospitalization either when he was 12 or 13 years old. However, despite
hospitalization at one point, the defendant is unable to remember if he was diagnosed with a
mental disorder at the same time denies any medical prescription at that time. One notable
recurring issue that the defendant admits to being experiencing is frequent mood swings with
periods where he reports feeling irritable and at times hype. The defendant is reasonably
educated and has no previous criminal record. The purpose of this pre-trial evaluation is to
COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
determine any hidden medical, psychological or medical issues that may have influenced the
behavior of the behavior.
This analysis will revolve in resolving the question of whether the defendant is
incompetent or not or whether his ability to understanding what is happening around it is
influenced by a mental condition. Consultation and working with a professional team will
allow me to analyze the past relevant information including mental history, criminal and past
medical history that would then result in a primary diagnosis. Recommendations for
additional assessments for the defendants when necessary would be added to this particular
case.
COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
A:
Some specific assessment conducted to enhance my understanding of the client’s
problems
One of the tests that would be utilized in this case is the.
Module 3 OverviewIn Module 2, you learned about police psy.docx
Module 3 Overview
In Module 2, you learned about police psychology and the roles and functions of mental health professionals working with law enforcement officers. You were introduced to investigative techniques such as interviewing, interrogation, and polygraphy examinations that officers employ during the course of their duties. In Module 3, you will learn about two areas closely related to police psychology: criminology and investigative psychology.
This module will focus on criminal profiling, the use of the polygraph and other lie detection techniques, forensic hypnosis, and the ways to enhance the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies. When studying criminal profiling and forensic hypnosis, direct your attention to their validity and accuracy and the potential for introducing false and misleading information into an investigation. You will examine the role of psychopathy in criminal behavior. Finally, this module will focus on various types of criminal acts, including violent crimes and sexual assault.
Many students and forensic psychology professionals alike have become increasingly interested in the process of criminal profiling—the process by which information pertaining to a crime is utilized in creating a description of the likely offender. In your first assignment, you will discuss the techniques involved in criminal profiling. In addition to discussing techniques, though, you will consider the issues of accuracy and validity in criminal profiling. Given that profiling has had some major failures—consider, for example, the misidentification that occurred in the Atlanta Bomber case (Dewan, 2005)—issues of validity are important to be kept in mind. Following from the issue of accuracy and validity is the courtroom admissibility of profiling data. If you are unsure of the accuracy of profiling data, would you recommend its use in a court of law? If so, under what circumstances would you allow or not allow its use.
Another investigative technique in which forensic professionals are involved is forensic hypnosis—the process of eliciting memories of an event or events while under hypnosis. In forensic hypnosis, as opposed to clinical hypnosis, an examiner attempts to elicit memories for the purposes of identification of subjects or for understanding details of a crime. In your assignment, you will discuss your understanding of forensic hypnosis. Like profiling, there are significant questions of accuracy and validity. In memory recall under the influence of hypnosis, there is a potential for recalling memories, which are inaccurate or patently false. Once again, this raises the issue of courtroom admissibility. In conducting research on the admissibility issue, you will find that courts have varied in how they have decided the admissibility of recovered or refreshed memories. As you work on your assignment, ask yourself whether you will be in favor of allowing recovered memories in court.
Fieldwork Observation
Another important activit ...
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
5
I. Observer Effects and Examiner Bias
Chisum and Turvey quote Paul L. Kirk, who was a pioneering criminalist, about the interpretation of evidence, “Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot be perjured, it cannot be wholly absent. Only in its interpretation can there be error.” (Chisum, p. 51). This becomes a real issue because a great deal of the evidence we deal with can be interpreted in various ways depending on a number of subjective influences.
A. Observer Effects – Observer effects can be both conscious and subconscious. Both conscious and subconscious needs and expectations shape both our perception of facts and their interpretation. It can affect what is recognized as evidence, what is collected, what is examined, and how it is interpreted. At its most basic, an observer effect is a psychological bias or effect on the observer’s part that distorts how the evidence is recognized, collect, examined, or interpreted. It is often subconscious (below the level of awareness) on the part of the observer and may significantly affect the reconstruction of the crime. We all have them and the question thus becomes, not whether I have them, but how do I guard against them and eliminate their influence on my reconstruction.
B. Potential Observer Effects
1. Ambiguity and Subjectivity – Ambiguity is a factor when evidence or circumstances are incomplete, murky, or equivocal. Subjectivity is a factor when identifications and interpretations rest on the examiner’s experiences or beliefs. They become problematic when the examiner or investigator believes that his experience is all that is required to render an identification. There are at least three areas in reconstruction where subjectivity can show up: 1) evidence collection; 2) evidence quantity and quality; 3) lack of standards for qualifying the results of comparative analysis and identification (Chisum, p. 59). The occurrence of ambiguous physical evidence as well as evidence that is susceptible to subjective interpretation opens the way for subconscious observer effects to affect the results you obtain.
2. Lure of Expectation – We as investigators are often put in situations where we have access to information that can give rise to conscious or unconscious expectations. One of the most common expectations of this type is that the subject must be guilty of something even if they are not guilty of the crime of which they are accused. I once had another officer tell me (in reference to a real thug/scumbag that was a suspect in a homicide) that even if he had not done the crime, to charge him would not be a great miscarriage of justice. We work in a pro-prosecution environment where the suspect’s guilt is suspected and anticipated and this may lead to subconsciously developing pre-examination expectations that may influence the results (Chisum, p. 60).
3. Single Sample Testing – Evidence that is turned over to forensic examiners tends to fall into one of three catetor ...
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
5
I. Observer Effects and Examiner Bias
Chisum and Turvey quote Paul L. Kirk, who was a pioneering criminalist, about the interpretation of evidence, “Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot be perjured, it cannot be wholly absent. Only in its interpretation can there be error.” (Chisum, p. 51). This becomes a real issue because a great deal of the evidence we deal with can be interpreted in various ways depending on a number of subjective influences.
A. Observer Effects – Observer effects can be both conscious and subconscious. Both conscious and subconscious needs and expectations shape both our perception of facts and their interpretation. It can affect what is recognized as evidence, what is collected, what is examined, and how it is interpreted. At its most basic, an observer effect is a psychological bias or effect on the observer’s part that distorts how the evidence is recognized, collect, examined, or interpreted. It is often subconscious (below the level of awareness) on the part of the observer and may significantly affect the reconstruction of the crime. We all have them and the question thus becomes, not whether I have them, but how do I guard against them and eliminate their influence on my reconstruction.
B. Potential Observer Effects
1. Ambiguity and Subjectivity – Ambiguity is a factor when evidence or circumstances are incomplete, murky, or equivocal. Subjectivity is a factor when identifications and interpretations rest on the examiner’s experiences or beliefs. They become problematic when the examiner or investigator believes that his experience is all that is required to render an identification. There are at least three areas in reconstruction where subjectivity can show up: 1) evidence collection; 2) evidence quantity and quality; 3) lack of standards for qualifying the results of comparative analysis and identification (Chisum, p. 59). The occurrence of ambiguous physical evidence as well as evidence that is susceptible to subjective interpretation opens the way for subconscious observer effects to affect the results you obtain.
2. Lure of Expectation – We as investigators are often put in situations where we have access to information that can give rise to conscious or unconscious expectations. One of the most common expectations of this type is that the subject must be guilty of something even if they are not guilty of the crime of which they are accused. I once had another officer tell me (in reference to a real thug/scumbag that was a suspect in a homicide) that even if he had not done the crime, to charge him would not be a great miscarriage of justice. We work in a pro-prosecution environment where the suspect’s guilt is suspected and anticipated and this may lead to subconsciously developing pre-examination expectations that may influence the results (Chisum, p. 60).
3. Single Sample Testing – Evidence that is turned over to forensic examiners tends to fall into one of three catetor.
101522, 524 PM SafeAssign Originality Reporthttpscla.docx
10/15/22, 5:24 PM SafeAssign Originality Report
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_17013007_1&paperId=5938498949&&attemptId=77dd46c7-2c5d-b92a-e149-d3f3383ccced&course_id=_17013007_1 1/8
USW1.17952.202310 - CRJS-3010-1-PROF SERIAL AND MASS MURD-2022-FALL-QTR-TERM-WKS-7-THRU-12-(10/10/2022-11/20/2022)-PT5
Assignment - Week 1
Jennifer Green
on Sat, Oct 15 2022, 6:14 PM
100% highest match
Submission ID: 77dd46c7-2c5d-b92a-e149-d3f3383ccced
Attachments (1)
WK1ASSGN GREEN J.docx
2
Criminal Profiling
Jennifer Green Walden University CRJS – 3010 - 1
Brent Paterline
October 15, 2022
Historical Influences in Profiling
1 CRIMINAL PROFILING IS CRUCIAL WHEN LOOKING INTO CRIME SCENES. CRIMINAL
PROFILING HAS BEEN EVOLVING MORE AND MORE OVER TIME. CRIMINAL PROFILING IN
THE MODERN ERA IS MORE SCIENCE THAN ART. MOST MODERN PROFILING
TECHNIQUES ARE BASED ON SCIENCE. THEY DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE WAYS IN
WHICH PEOPLE ARE CURRENTLY PROFILED. HOWEVER, THE EVOLUTION OF THE
PRESENT-DAY PROFILING METHODS WAS IMPACTED BY THE PAST PROFILING
PRACTICES. 2 ONE OF THE CURRENT PROFILING TECHNIQUES, FOR INSTANCE, IS THE
GATHERING OF MEDICAL EVIDENCE. 1 IN THIS, A MEDICAL EXPERT IS HIRED TO
IDENTIFY THE OFFENDER'S PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL TRAITS (FRANCESE,
2019). TRADITIONAL PROFILING METHODS INCLUDED BEHAVIORAL PROFILING. IT IS
THE ONE THAT HAD AN IMPACT ON THE PRACTICE OF ACQUIRING CLINICAL EVIDENCE
PROFILING. FURTHERMORE, THE CURRENT METHODS OF PROFILING ARE GUIDED BY
THE CRITERIA FOR HISTORICAL PROFILING. Consider the idea that criminals may possess certain
physical traits. 2 THESE TRAITS ARE USED TO CATEGORIZE CRIMINALS INTO DIFFERENT
GROUPS (CHIFFLET, 2015). 1 THESE TRAITS CAN BE USED BY THE CRIMINAL PROFILER
TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN MASS MURDERERS AND SERIAL KILLERS. 2 IN ORDER TO
IDENTIFY CRIMINAL PROPENSITIES, HISTORICAL PROFILING INCLUDED ASSESSMENTS
OF PERSONALITY AND MENTAL CAPACITY. 1 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF APPLYING
SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES, THE ASSESSMENT IS CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH
EXISTING PROFILING STANDARDS.
WK1ASSGN GREEN J.docx
Word Count: 664
Attachment ID: 5938498949
100%
http://safeassign.blackboard.com/
Highlight
10/15/22, 5:24 PM SafeAssign Originality Report
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_17013007_1&paperId=5938498949&&attemptId=77dd46c7-2c5d-b92a-e149-d3f3383ccced&course_id=_17013007_1 2/8
2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROFILERS
CRIMINAL PROFILERS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS. THEY
HELP LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONALS TO APPREHEND OFFENDERS. THE CRIMINAL
PROFILES THEY DEVELOP MAKE ARRESTING THE CRIMINALS EASIER. IN DOING THIS,
CRIMINAL PROFILER PERFORMS MANY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. FIRST, THEY
REVIEW THE EVIDENCE LYING AT THE CRIME SCENES. THEY REVIEW IT TO GET MANY
DETAILS ABOUT THE CRIME. THIS ALSO HELPS TO IDENTIFY THE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
OF THE CRIMINALS (FRANCES.
IMPORTANCE OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION final.docx
This document discusses the importance of character in leadership, management, and administration. It argues that character is crucial for success as a leader since leaders must regularly make difficult decisions between right and wrong. Leaders with high character scores tend to outperform others and positively influence their teams. The document outlines four universal principles of leadership: integrity, responsibility, forgiveness, and compassion. Developing strong character involves knowing one's values, surrounding oneself with accountability partners, and making choices that pass "character tests" by doing what is right.
CriminalPsychological ProfilingDiane MillerAbstract
This document discusses criminal profiling and the role of forensic nurses in the profiling process. It begins with an abstract that introduces criminal profiling and how forensic nurses can be involved as members of profiling teams. It then provides more details on the history and development of criminal profiling. It discusses the literature on profiling and outlines the typical six stages of the profiling process. It explores how forensic nurses can utilize their skills and principles during crime scene investigations and examinations to assist with developing offender profiles. Finally, it examines some behavioral characteristics that are analyzed during profiling and discusses best practices and legal implications of the profiling process.
Not Innocent Until Proven Guilty
Can We Blame Wrongful Convictions on Simple ‘Human Errors’ or are they a result of Deeper Problems within the Canadian Criminal Justice System?
Not Innocent Until Proven Guilty
This document discusses various systemic issues within the Canadian criminal justice system that can contribute to wrongful convictions, including tunnel vision, pressure on police to secure convictions, unreliable eyewitness identification, false confessions obtained through coercion, inadequate defense for marginalized groups, and the use of junk science and informants. It provides examples of wrongful conviction cases like Donald Marshall Jr. and Guy Paul Morin to illustrate these problems. The document argues that wrongful convictions harm not only the innocent person convicted but their families, communities, and faith in the justice system. It also mentions the Association in Defense of the Wrongly Convicted, which works to prevent and address wrongful convictions in Canada.
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining t
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the uses and applications of applied behavioral science as discussed by your classmate. Ask questions that might help to further your understanding of the applications of applied behavioral science and take the discussion to a deeper level. Do you agree with your peer’s rationale as to how a forensic psychologist might help? Why, or why not? What other similarities and differences might you share about the actual work of forensic psychologists and the way it is presented in popular media such as television and the movies?
#1
Candace Lyons
WednesdayJan 17 at 2:44pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Briefly describe this person/character, including the medium (real life, television, movie, book, etc.) from which he or she comes, why you selected him or her, his or her background, and the background of the crimes he or she committed.
Aileen Wuornos was a real-life female serial killer. As a child, her father was convicted of sexually abusing children and killed himself in prison. At one point he was diagnosed as schizophrenic. Wuornus was abandoned by her mother at four years old and forced to live with her abusive grandparents. After having a baby at 14 she was kicked out of her grandparent’s home and lived on the streets as a prostitute. Wuornos was convicted of six life sentences for killing men she accused of either raping her or attempting to rape her.
Based on your reading this week, define, in your own words, forensic psychology as a specific example of applied behavioral science, and describe how forensic psychology could have been helpful in this case.
“Forensic psychology is a field of study that applies scientific psychological knowledge to legal issues pertaining to criminal offenders and the criminal justice system. Identify trends in forensic psychology that would prove helpful” (McCarthy et al, 2016, section 6.1). I would define it as the application and education of reliable scientific psychology in the criminal justice system. Forensic psychologist can evaluate human behaviors and based on scientifically reliable assessments determine the dangerousness to a person’s self or society at large. The can also look for common diagnosis to determine if a person is fit to stand trial. In the case of Wuornus, a forensic psychologist could have examined her RAP sheet to determine if she was a threat to society. She was arrested for several crimes, including armed robbery and assault. In the biosocial age, criminologist now have access to genetic and brain imaging data. I think it would have been worth assessing her for schizophrenia. She stated that the men she killed either raped her or attempted to rape her until she was executed. Paranoia is common in schizophrenics and some believed she was convinced that she was raped or about to be raped. In her mind the murders were justified.
Discuss why profiling is or is not a science.
Profiling can never be an exact science because o ...
Dr. Kanwal DP Singh.ppt
This document discusses various aspects of legal research including the meaning of research, objectives of legal research, types of legal research, sources of legal research, stages of legal research such as identification of the problem, literature review, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection and analysis, and research reporting. It covers both doctrinal and empirical legal research methods and tools for data collection.
criminalprofillingincybersecurityandinformation.pptx
Criminal profiling involves analyzing evidence from a crime scene to infer characteristics of the unknown perpetrator. There are two main approaches - deductive profiling uses evidence to construct a profile, while inductive profiling statistically analyzes data from past similar crimes. A criminal profile typically includes descriptors of the perpetrator's demographics, history, occupation, personality, and location. Profiles aim to narrow the field of suspects and guide investigations.
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the.docx
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the uses and applications of applied behavioral science as discussed by your classmate. Ask questions that might help to further your understanding of the applications of applied behavioral science and take the discussion to a deeper level. Do you agree with your peer’s rationale as to how a forensic psychologist might help? Why, or why not? What other similarities and differences might you share about the actual work of forensic psychologists and the way it is presented in popular media such as television and the movies?#1Candace Lyons
WednesdayJan 17 at 2:44pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Briefly describe this person/character, including the medium (real life, television, movie, book, etc.) from which he or she comes, why you selected him or her, his or her background, and the background of the crimes he or she committed.
Aileen Wuornos was a real-life female serial killer. As a child, her father was convicted of sexually abusing children and killed himself in prison. At one point he was diagnosed as schizophrenic. Wuornus was abandoned by her mother at four years old and forced to live with her abusive grandparents. After having a baby at 14 she was kicked out of her grandparent’s home and lived on the streets as a prostitute. Wuornos was convicted of six life sentences for killing men she accused of either raping her or attempting to rape her.
Based on your reading this week, define, in your own words, forensic psychology as a specific example of applied behavioral science, and describe how forensic psychology could have been helpful in this case.
“Forensic psychology is a field of study that applies scientific psychological knowledge to legal issues pertaining to criminal offenders and the criminal justice system. Identify trends in forensic psychology that would prove helpful” (McCarthy et al, 2016, section 6.1). I would define it as the application and education of reliable scientific psychology in the criminal justice system. Forensic psychologist can evaluate human behaviors and based on scientifically reliable assessments determine the dangerousness to a person’s self or society at large. The can also look for common diagnosis to determine if a person is fit to stand trial. In the case of Wuornus, a forensic psychologist could have examined her RAP sheet to determine if she was a threat to society. She was arrested for several crimes, including armed robbery and assault. In the biosocial age, criminologist now have access to genetic and brain imaging data. I think it would have been worth assessing her for schizophrenia. She stated that the men she killed either raped her or attempted to rape her until she was executed. Paranoia is common in schizophrenics and some believed she was convinced that she was raped or about to be raped. In her mind the murders were justified.
Discuss why profiling is or is not a science.
Profiling can never be an exact science because of complexit ...
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
More Related Content
Similar to T whitley unit 5 project
Week 5 Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Children and AdolescentsRe.docx
This document outlines a 4-stage protocol for rethinking criminal investigations when the existing theory appears incorrect:
1. Review all existing evidence without assumptions or biases.
2. Interpret the evidence from an unbiased perspective.
3. Look for patterns in the evidence that do not conform to the initial theory.
4. Conduct an objective analysis of all evidence and alternative theories.
The protocol aims to overcome cognitive biases like premature judgment, tunnel vision, and confirmation bias that can derail investigations and potentially lead to wrongful convictions.
Social Psychology 2_ Law
Kirk Bloodsworth was the first American sentenced to death row who was later exonerated by DNA evidence, despite already having his sentence commuted to life in prison. Several questions are raised about his wrongful conviction based on eyewitness testimony, including whether police procedures influenced eyewitness identifications and whether pretrial publicity prejudiced the jury. Social psychology can provide insights into how the criminal justice system's underlying psychological assumptions about eyewitness memory and behavior may not always be accurate. Variables like lineup administration procedures, witness characteristics, and event characteristics can impact eyewitness accuracy, and research on these system and estimator variables aims to reduce wrongful convictions.
Case Assessment Guidebook
1) The document discusses different approaches to criminal profiling, including organized/disorganized offender profiling, mixed offender profiling, and geographic profiling. It analyzes how these methods can help investigators understand a criminal's behavior and narrow down suspects.
2) Key differences between organized and disorganized offenders are outlined, such as how organized offenders plan their crimes while disorganized offenders act spontaneously. Serial killers Ted Bundy and David Berkowitz are used as examples.
3) The document argues that organized offenders should be prioritized in criminal profiling since they are more sophisticated and cunning, posing a greater challenge to apprehend.
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding.docx
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding psychological testing and specialized evaluations.
There are times when the expertise of psychology professionals and mental health professionals is used to protect both clients and society. This use of expertise calls for sensitive evaluation procedures fraught with risk for psychology professionals and mental health evaluators. The risk arises because opinion may be mistaken for fact, and this can result in unfair sentencing or lawsuits against the evaluator if the sensitive information is misused or misinterpreted in any way by third parties.
In a forensic setting, recommendations are made to assess and determine dangerousness, risk for recidivism, and the potential for future violence. These specialized evaluations require appropriate training and the administration of psychological tests designed to measure specific traits. The instruments designed to measure violence and dangerousness are surrounded by controversy because of their limited ability to assess risks beyond reasonable certainty. While they are often useful in yielding information about specific personality traits, no test can conclusively predict how and when an individual will act in any given situation. Therefore, these instruments are often the center of controversy in courts, particularly among defense attorneys. Psychological evaluations are defensible only to a certain degree. No matter what types of or how many valid instruments psychology professionals or mental health professionals use in the forensic assessment, the results will likely be viewed as the opinion of the examiner in a court of law. This leaves room for holes to be punched into theories of both the defense and the prosecution. It also reinforces the fact that you must obtain expertise through experience and training if you plan to conduct evaluations for use in the court or the legal system. The instruments will not be subject to a cross-examination as much as the evaluators who use them.
An additional factor subject to scrutiny in the legal system is the appropriateness of tests used on clients fitting certain racial, cultural, ethnic, and sexual orientation demographics if they are not represented by the norms on which the psychological tests were developed. While increasing efforts have been made recently by most test publishers to establish norms better matching race, culture, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, most major psychological instruments are still interpreted using standard norms and outdated representative populations. In addition, there is a controversy concerning what parameters of intelligence and developmental disability should be admissible in court. For example, if someone with moderate mental retardation commits murder and knows right from wrong, it is argued that the low intelligence of the individual is irrelevant in the case and should not influence sentencing. These scenarios are difficult to address with psycho.
RUNNINGHEAD Bias in Criminal Investigations .docx
RUNNINGHEAD: Bias in Criminal Investigations 1
Bias in Criminal Investigations
Alkhamis Abdualziz
Tiffin University
Bias in Criminal Investigations
06/09/2016
An Analogue Study of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigations
Convicting a suspect being guilty is usually a difficult task more especially to People given the responsibility to carry out the sentence. These individuals include; police officers, district attorneys, judges and jury members. This is widely contributed by risks they may face such as; developing confirmation bias or tunnel vision. These parties may readily become convinced that the suspect is guilty, and may then no longer be open to alternative scenarios in which the suspect is actually innocent
People are biased to test hypotheses by looking for confirmation rather than by searching for falsification. According to Kassin (2005) a research bases on psychology suggests that human beings rarely seek, interpret, and create behavioral data that verify it’ once they have an impression thus they are inclined for bias. In a classic study, Lord, Ross, and Lepper (1979) it was found out that confirmation bias has various definite level owing to the fact personal opinions do defer.
People have the aspects of favoring confirmation as laps testing strategy as illustrated by Wason’s card selection paradigm. They also tend to play a progressive role in producing information; apart from selectively confirming evidence, overweighting confirming evidence they also devise strategies in way that that they are more opportunist driven than falsification. (Snyder and Swann (1978) which used these case study to reach for a decision, the more confirming questions the interviewer asked, and the more likely naïve judges were to perceive the interviewee as an extravert. Hence, by asking confirmatory questions, people can actually create confirmatory behavioral information, even in the eye of the naïve beholder.
Confirmation bias is bound to occur during criminal proceeding due to the following; incidental miscarriages of justice in which confirmation bias on the part of police, public prosecution, and even the judge seems to have play central role. According to (Posthumus, 2005). Public defense and police seems to develop some kind of tunnel vision. Another reason is the structure of criminal proceeding. Judge prompt his verdict by naming the evidence that has led him to be convinced of the suspect’s guilt. Yet the process of justifying information is ignored. Criminal proceedings also affected by confirmation bias as (Meissner and kassim 2002) suggest. I t is difficult for police officer to change their minds if they believe that a suspect is lying. Same case applies to jurors they base their judgments on previous proceedings. Criminal procedure naturally provoke confirmation bias.
Three studies has been developed to help in determining between guilt-co.
Book Reference Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America C.docx
Book Reference
Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices (8th ed). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
(Courtesy mikeledray!Shutterstock.)
5 Criminallnvestigation
The Science of Sleuthing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
As a result of reading this chapter, the student will be able to:
0 Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics
f) Understand the origins of criminalistics as well as the types of information
that physical evidence can provide
8 Compare anthropometry and dactylography
0 Explain how Bertillon, Locard, Vollmer, and others contributed to the
development of criminal investigation techniques
0 Describe the kinds of qualities that detectives and undercover officers
need to possess
125
~
0 Delineate the functions of medical examiners and coroners
G Explain the basic functions of the polygraph and its legal status in the
courts
(i) Describe how DNA analysis operates (including a new approach, using
familial DNA) as well as recent developments and some legal and policy
issues concerning its use
f) Explain the contributions of social networking sites to criminal
investigations
41!> Describe the purpose and operation of a cold case squad
4D Clarify whether or not there is a "CSI effect" relating to criminal cases
0 Relate the contributions of dogs to the investigative process
Introduction
The challenges involved with investigating crimes may well be characterized by a quote from Ludwig
Wittgenstein: "How hard I find it to see what is right in front of my eyes I" Investigating crimes has
indeed become a complicated art as well as a science, as will be seen in this chapter.
The art of sleuthing has long fascinated the American public. People appear to be completely enthralled
with anything involving forensics and criminal psychoses (e.g., CSL Dexter, Criminal Minds), as well
as the exploits of detectives as they pursue serial killers (e.g., Silence of the Lambs, Se7en) Nor is this
public interest in sleuthing a recent phenomenon: for decades, Americans have feasted on the exploits
of dozens of fictional masterminds and detectives in books and movies, such as Arthur Conan Doyle's
Sherlock Holmes, Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple, and Clint Eastwood's Detective
"Dirty Harry" Callahan, to name a few.
In reality, investigative work is largely misunderstood, often boring, and overrated; it results in arrests
only a fraction of the time; and it relies strongly on the assistance of witnesses and even some luck.
Nonetheless, the related fields of forensic science and criminalistics are the most rapidly developing
areas of policing- and probably in all of criminal justice This is an exciting time to be in the investiga-
tive or forensic disciplines.
This chapter begins by defining forensic science and criminalistics and by looking at their origins;
included is a brief discussion of crime scenes. Then we review the ev ...
Decision making in criminals
1) The document discusses decision making in criminals from several perspectives, including rational choice theory, social bonding theory, and biological theories. It also presents two case studies of individuals who committed crimes and the influencing factors.
2) Cognitive limitations and use of heuristics are believed to influence criminal decision making. Deterrence theory also proposes that punishments can control crime through certainty, severity and clarity.
3) Adolescent decision making is still developing, and video research found they were more future-oriented and less peer-influenced than non-detained youth. Peer influence and strain were factors for the 16-year-old in the home invasion.
Running head COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION .docx
Running head: COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
Argosy University Comprehensive Examination
MA Forensic Psychology
COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
Psychological Theory and Practice/ Triage and Assessment
Introduction
The importance and rationale of conducting a pre-trial evaluation are to establish or
rather determine the competence level of a defendants and consequently establishing whether
or not the defendant can act with legal effectiveness. Different factors such as social and
cultural are all factors that should be taken into consideration when conducting a pre-trial
evaluation. The defendant, in this case, is a 27-year-old Asian male and currently residing in
Chicago, Illinois. The defendant, whose name is Mr. Jones, has been charged with possession
of a controlled substance and specifically MFG/DEL 1<15 GR COCAINE/ANLG which
constitutes to a class 1 felony offense. Based on the evaluation of the background, the
defendant seems to be of sound and also showcases the ability to make the rational decision
and also have the ability to clearly distinguish right from wrong.
The defendant appears to have sufficient literacy skills despite having being
diagnosed with dyslexia and hence has the ability to comprehend the place, time, place, and
even situation. Furthermore, from an observation perspective; although the defendant appears
to be a well-developed young person he has a history of mental illness that includes
psychiatric hospitalization either when he was 12 or 13 years old. However, despite
hospitalization at one point, the defendant is unable to remember if he was diagnosed with a
mental disorder at the same time denies any medical prescription at that time. One notable
recurring issue that the defendant admits to being experiencing is frequent mood swings with
periods where he reports feeling irritable and at times hype. The defendant is reasonably
educated and has no previous criminal record. The purpose of this pre-trial evaluation is to
COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
determine any hidden medical, psychological or medical issues that may have influenced the
behavior of the behavior.
This analysis will revolve in resolving the question of whether the defendant is
incompetent or not or whether his ability to understanding what is happening around it is
influenced by a mental condition. Consultation and working with a professional team will
allow me to analyze the past relevant information including mental history, criminal and past
medical history that would then result in a primary diagnosis. Recommendations for
additional assessments for the defendants when necessary would be added to this particular
case.
COMPREHESIVE EXAMINATION
A:
Some specific assessment conducted to enhance my understanding of the client’s
problems
One of the tests that would be utilized in this case is the.
Module 3 OverviewIn Module 2, you learned about police psy.docx
Module 3 Overview
In Module 2, you learned about police psychology and the roles and functions of mental health professionals working with law enforcement officers. You were introduced to investigative techniques such as interviewing, interrogation, and polygraphy examinations that officers employ during the course of their duties. In Module 3, you will learn about two areas closely related to police psychology: criminology and investigative psychology.
This module will focus on criminal profiling, the use of the polygraph and other lie detection techniques, forensic hypnosis, and the ways to enhance the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies. When studying criminal profiling and forensic hypnosis, direct your attention to their validity and accuracy and the potential for introducing false and misleading information into an investigation. You will examine the role of psychopathy in criminal behavior. Finally, this module will focus on various types of criminal acts, including violent crimes and sexual assault.
Many students and forensic psychology professionals alike have become increasingly interested in the process of criminal profiling—the process by which information pertaining to a crime is utilized in creating a description of the likely offender. In your first assignment, you will discuss the techniques involved in criminal profiling. In addition to discussing techniques, though, you will consider the issues of accuracy and validity in criminal profiling. Given that profiling has had some major failures—consider, for example, the misidentification that occurred in the Atlanta Bomber case (Dewan, 2005)—issues of validity are important to be kept in mind. Following from the issue of accuracy and validity is the courtroom admissibility of profiling data. If you are unsure of the accuracy of profiling data, would you recommend its use in a court of law? If so, under what circumstances would you allow or not allow its use.
Another investigative technique in which forensic professionals are involved is forensic hypnosis—the process of eliciting memories of an event or events while under hypnosis. In forensic hypnosis, as opposed to clinical hypnosis, an examiner attempts to elicit memories for the purposes of identification of subjects or for understanding details of a crime. In your assignment, you will discuss your understanding of forensic hypnosis. Like profiling, there are significant questions of accuracy and validity. In memory recall under the influence of hypnosis, there is a potential for recalling memories, which are inaccurate or patently false. Once again, this raises the issue of courtroom admissibility. In conducting research on the admissibility issue, you will find that courts have varied in how they have decided the admissibility of recovered or refreshed memories. As you work on your assignment, ask yourself whether you will be in favor of allowing recovered memories in court.
Fieldwork Observation
Another important activit ...
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
5
I. Observer Effects and Examiner Bias
Chisum and Turvey quote Paul L. Kirk, who was a pioneering criminalist, about the interpretation of evidence, “Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot be perjured, it cannot be wholly absent. Only in its interpretation can there be error.” (Chisum, p. 51). This becomes a real issue because a great deal of the evidence we deal with can be interpreted in various ways depending on a number of subjective influences.
A. Observer Effects – Observer effects can be both conscious and subconscious. Both conscious and subconscious needs and expectations shape both our perception of facts and their interpretation. It can affect what is recognized as evidence, what is collected, what is examined, and how it is interpreted. At its most basic, an observer effect is a psychological bias or effect on the observer’s part that distorts how the evidence is recognized, collect, examined, or interpreted. It is often subconscious (below the level of awareness) on the part of the observer and may significantly affect the reconstruction of the crime. We all have them and the question thus becomes, not whether I have them, but how do I guard against them and eliminate their influence on my reconstruction.
B. Potential Observer Effects
1. Ambiguity and Subjectivity – Ambiguity is a factor when evidence or circumstances are incomplete, murky, or equivocal. Subjectivity is a factor when identifications and interpretations rest on the examiner’s experiences or beliefs. They become problematic when the examiner or investigator believes that his experience is all that is required to render an identification. There are at least three areas in reconstruction where subjectivity can show up: 1) evidence collection; 2) evidence quantity and quality; 3) lack of standards for qualifying the results of comparative analysis and identification (Chisum, p. 59). The occurrence of ambiguous physical evidence as well as evidence that is susceptible to subjective interpretation opens the way for subconscious observer effects to affect the results you obtain.
2. Lure of Expectation – We as investigators are often put in situations where we have access to information that can give rise to conscious or unconscious expectations. One of the most common expectations of this type is that the subject must be guilty of something even if they are not guilty of the crime of which they are accused. I once had another officer tell me (in reference to a real thug/scumbag that was a suspect in a homicide) that even if he had not done the crime, to charge him would not be a great miscarriage of justice. We work in a pro-prosecution environment where the suspect’s guilt is suspected and anticipated and this may lead to subconsciously developing pre-examination expectations that may influence the results (Chisum, p. 60).
3. Single Sample Testing – Evidence that is turned over to forensic examiners tends to fall into one of three catetor ...
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
5
I. Observer Effects and Examiner Bias
Chisum and Turvey quote Paul L. Kirk, who was a pioneering criminalist, about the interpretation of evidence, “Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot be perjured, it cannot be wholly absent. Only in its interpretation can there be error.” (Chisum, p. 51). This becomes a real issue because a great deal of the evidence we deal with can be interpreted in various ways depending on a number of subjective influences.
A. Observer Effects – Observer effects can be both conscious and subconscious. Both conscious and subconscious needs and expectations shape both our perception of facts and their interpretation. It can affect what is recognized as evidence, what is collected, what is examined, and how it is interpreted. At its most basic, an observer effect is a psychological bias or effect on the observer’s part that distorts how the evidence is recognized, collect, examined, or interpreted. It is often subconscious (below the level of awareness) on the part of the observer and may significantly affect the reconstruction of the crime. We all have them and the question thus becomes, not whether I have them, but how do I guard against them and eliminate their influence on my reconstruction.
B. Potential Observer Effects
1. Ambiguity and Subjectivity – Ambiguity is a factor when evidence or circumstances are incomplete, murky, or equivocal. Subjectivity is a factor when identifications and interpretations rest on the examiner’s experiences or beliefs. They become problematic when the examiner or investigator believes that his experience is all that is required to render an identification. There are at least three areas in reconstruction where subjectivity can show up: 1) evidence collection; 2) evidence quantity and quality; 3) lack of standards for qualifying the results of comparative analysis and identification (Chisum, p. 59). The occurrence of ambiguous physical evidence as well as evidence that is susceptible to subjective interpretation opens the way for subconscious observer effects to affect the results you obtain.
2. Lure of Expectation – We as investigators are often put in situations where we have access to information that can give rise to conscious or unconscious expectations. One of the most common expectations of this type is that the subject must be guilty of something even if they are not guilty of the crime of which they are accused. I once had another officer tell me (in reference to a real thug/scumbag that was a suspect in a homicide) that even if he had not done the crime, to charge him would not be a great miscarriage of justice. We work in a pro-prosecution environment where the suspect’s guilt is suspected and anticipated and this may lead to subconsciously developing pre-examination expectations that may influence the results (Chisum, p. 60).
3. Single Sample Testing – Evidence that is turned over to forensic examiners tends to fall into one of three catetor.
101522, 524 PM SafeAssign Originality Reporthttpscla.docx
10/15/22, 5:24 PM SafeAssign Originality Report
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_17013007_1&paperId=5938498949&&attemptId=77dd46c7-2c5d-b92a-e149-d3f3383ccced&course_id=_17013007_1 1/8
USW1.17952.202310 - CRJS-3010-1-PROF SERIAL AND MASS MURD-2022-FALL-QTR-TERM-WKS-7-THRU-12-(10/10/2022-11/20/2022)-PT5
Assignment - Week 1
Jennifer Green
on Sat, Oct 15 2022, 6:14 PM
100% highest match
Submission ID: 77dd46c7-2c5d-b92a-e149-d3f3383ccced
Attachments (1)
WK1ASSGN GREEN J.docx
2
Criminal Profiling
Jennifer Green Walden University CRJS – 3010 - 1
Brent Paterline
October 15, 2022
Historical Influences in Profiling
1 CRIMINAL PROFILING IS CRUCIAL WHEN LOOKING INTO CRIME SCENES. CRIMINAL
PROFILING HAS BEEN EVOLVING MORE AND MORE OVER TIME. CRIMINAL PROFILING IN
THE MODERN ERA IS MORE SCIENCE THAN ART. MOST MODERN PROFILING
TECHNIQUES ARE BASED ON SCIENCE. THEY DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE WAYS IN
WHICH PEOPLE ARE CURRENTLY PROFILED. HOWEVER, THE EVOLUTION OF THE
PRESENT-DAY PROFILING METHODS WAS IMPACTED BY THE PAST PROFILING
PRACTICES. 2 ONE OF THE CURRENT PROFILING TECHNIQUES, FOR INSTANCE, IS THE
GATHERING OF MEDICAL EVIDENCE. 1 IN THIS, A MEDICAL EXPERT IS HIRED TO
IDENTIFY THE OFFENDER'S PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL TRAITS (FRANCESE,
2019). TRADITIONAL PROFILING METHODS INCLUDED BEHAVIORAL PROFILING. IT IS
THE ONE THAT HAD AN IMPACT ON THE PRACTICE OF ACQUIRING CLINICAL EVIDENCE
PROFILING. FURTHERMORE, THE CURRENT METHODS OF PROFILING ARE GUIDED BY
THE CRITERIA FOR HISTORICAL PROFILING. Consider the idea that criminals may possess certain
physical traits. 2 THESE TRAITS ARE USED TO CATEGORIZE CRIMINALS INTO DIFFERENT
GROUPS (CHIFFLET, 2015). 1 THESE TRAITS CAN BE USED BY THE CRIMINAL PROFILER
TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN MASS MURDERERS AND SERIAL KILLERS. 2 IN ORDER TO
IDENTIFY CRIMINAL PROPENSITIES, HISTORICAL PROFILING INCLUDED ASSESSMENTS
OF PERSONALITY AND MENTAL CAPACITY. 1 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF APPLYING
SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES, THE ASSESSMENT IS CARRIED OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH
EXISTING PROFILING STANDARDS.
WK1ASSGN GREEN J.docx
Word Count: 664
Attachment ID: 5938498949
100%
http://safeassign.blackboard.com/
Highlight
10/15/22, 5:24 PM SafeAssign Originality Report
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_17013007_1&paperId=5938498949&&attemptId=77dd46c7-2c5d-b92a-e149-d3f3383ccced&course_id=_17013007_1 2/8
2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROFILERS
CRIMINAL PROFILERS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS. THEY
HELP LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONALS TO APPREHEND OFFENDERS. THE CRIMINAL
PROFILES THEY DEVELOP MAKE ARRESTING THE CRIMINALS EASIER. IN DOING THIS,
CRIMINAL PROFILER PERFORMS MANY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. FIRST, THEY
REVIEW THE EVIDENCE LYING AT THE CRIME SCENES. THEY REVIEW IT TO GET MANY
DETAILS ABOUT THE CRIME. THIS ALSO HELPS TO IDENTIFY THE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
OF THE CRIMINALS (FRANCES.
IMPORTANCE OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION final.docx
This document discusses the importance of character in leadership, management, and administration. It argues that character is crucial for success as a leader since leaders must regularly make difficult decisions between right and wrong. Leaders with high character scores tend to outperform others and positively influence their teams. The document outlines four universal principles of leadership: integrity, responsibility, forgiveness, and compassion. Developing strong character involves knowing one's values, surrounding oneself with accountability partners, and making choices that pass "character tests" by doing what is right.
CriminalPsychological ProfilingDiane MillerAbstract
This document discusses criminal profiling and the role of forensic nurses in the profiling process. It begins with an abstract that introduces criminal profiling and how forensic nurses can be involved as members of profiling teams. It then provides more details on the history and development of criminal profiling. It discusses the literature on profiling and outlines the typical six stages of the profiling process. It explores how forensic nurses can utilize their skills and principles during crime scene investigations and examinations to assist with developing offender profiles. Finally, it examines some behavioral characteristics that are analyzed during profiling and discusses best practices and legal implications of the profiling process.
Not Innocent Until Proven Guilty
Can We Blame Wrongful Convictions on Simple ‘Human Errors’ or are they a result of Deeper Problems within the Canadian Criminal Justice System?
Not Innocent Until Proven Guilty
This document discusses various systemic issues within the Canadian criminal justice system that can contribute to wrongful convictions, including tunnel vision, pressure on police to secure convictions, unreliable eyewitness identification, false confessions obtained through coercion, inadequate defense for marginalized groups, and the use of junk science and informants. It provides examples of wrongful conviction cases like Donald Marshall Jr. and Guy Paul Morin to illustrate these problems. The document argues that wrongful convictions harm not only the innocent person convicted but their families, communities, and faith in the justice system. It also mentions the Association in Defense of the Wrongly Convicted, which works to prevent and address wrongful convictions in Canada.
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining t
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the uses and applications of applied behavioral science as discussed by your classmate. Ask questions that might help to further your understanding of the applications of applied behavioral science and take the discussion to a deeper level. Do you agree with your peer’s rationale as to how a forensic psychologist might help? Why, or why not? What other similarities and differences might you share about the actual work of forensic psychologists and the way it is presented in popular media such as television and the movies?
#1
Candace Lyons
WednesdayJan 17 at 2:44pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Briefly describe this person/character, including the medium (real life, television, movie, book, etc.) from which he or she comes, why you selected him or her, his or her background, and the background of the crimes he or she committed.
Aileen Wuornos was a real-life female serial killer. As a child, her father was convicted of sexually abusing children and killed himself in prison. At one point he was diagnosed as schizophrenic. Wuornus was abandoned by her mother at four years old and forced to live with her abusive grandparents. After having a baby at 14 she was kicked out of her grandparent’s home and lived on the streets as a prostitute. Wuornos was convicted of six life sentences for killing men she accused of either raping her or attempting to rape her.
Based on your reading this week, define, in your own words, forensic psychology as a specific example of applied behavioral science, and describe how forensic psychology could have been helpful in this case.
“Forensic psychology is a field of study that applies scientific psychological knowledge to legal issues pertaining to criminal offenders and the criminal justice system. Identify trends in forensic psychology that would prove helpful” (McCarthy et al, 2016, section 6.1). I would define it as the application and education of reliable scientific psychology in the criminal justice system. Forensic psychologist can evaluate human behaviors and based on scientifically reliable assessments determine the dangerousness to a person’s self or society at large. The can also look for common diagnosis to determine if a person is fit to stand trial. In the case of Wuornus, a forensic psychologist could have examined her RAP sheet to determine if she was a threat to society. She was arrested for several crimes, including armed robbery and assault. In the biosocial age, criminologist now have access to genetic and brain imaging data. I think it would have been worth assessing her for schizophrenia. She stated that the men she killed either raped her or attempted to rape her until she was executed. Paranoia is common in schizophrenics and some believed she was convinced that she was raped or about to be raped. In her mind the murders were justified.
Discuss why profiling is or is not a science.
Profiling can never be an exact science because o ...
Dr. Kanwal DP Singh.ppt
This document discusses various aspects of legal research including the meaning of research, objectives of legal research, types of legal research, sources of legal research, stages of legal research such as identification of the problem, literature review, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection and analysis, and research reporting. It covers both doctrinal and empirical legal research methods and tools for data collection.
criminalprofillingincybersecurityandinformation.pptx
Criminal profiling involves analyzing evidence from a crime scene to infer characteristics of the unknown perpetrator. There are two main approaches - deductive profiling uses evidence to construct a profile, while inductive profiling statistically analyzes data from past similar crimes. A criminal profile typically includes descriptors of the perpetrator's demographics, history, occupation, personality, and location. Profiles aim to narrow the field of suspects and guide investigations.
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the.docx
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the uses and applications of applied behavioral science as discussed by your classmate. Ask questions that might help to further your understanding of the applications of applied behavioral science and take the discussion to a deeper level. Do you agree with your peer’s rationale as to how a forensic psychologist might help? Why, or why not? What other similarities and differences might you share about the actual work of forensic psychologists and the way it is presented in popular media such as television and the movies?#1Candace Lyons
WednesdayJan 17 at 2:44pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Briefly describe this person/character, including the medium (real life, television, movie, book, etc.) from which he or she comes, why you selected him or her, his or her background, and the background of the crimes he or she committed.
Aileen Wuornos was a real-life female serial killer. As a child, her father was convicted of sexually abusing children and killed himself in prison. At one point he was diagnosed as schizophrenic. Wuornus was abandoned by her mother at four years old and forced to live with her abusive grandparents. After having a baby at 14 she was kicked out of her grandparent’s home and lived on the streets as a prostitute. Wuornos was convicted of six life sentences for killing men she accused of either raping her or attempting to rape her.
Based on your reading this week, define, in your own words, forensic psychology as a specific example of applied behavioral science, and describe how forensic psychology could have been helpful in this case.
“Forensic psychology is a field of study that applies scientific psychological knowledge to legal issues pertaining to criminal offenders and the criminal justice system. Identify trends in forensic psychology that would prove helpful” (McCarthy et al, 2016, section 6.1). I would define it as the application and education of reliable scientific psychology in the criminal justice system. Forensic psychologist can evaluate human behaviors and based on scientifically reliable assessments determine the dangerousness to a person’s self or society at large. The can also look for common diagnosis to determine if a person is fit to stand trial. In the case of Wuornus, a forensic psychologist could have examined her RAP sheet to determine if she was a threat to society. She was arrested for several crimes, including armed robbery and assault. In the biosocial age, criminologist now have access to genetic and brain imaging data. I think it would have been worth assessing her for schizophrenia. She stated that the men she killed either raped her or attempted to rape her until she was executed. Paranoia is common in schizophrenics and some believed she was convinced that she was raped or about to be raped. In her mind the murders were justified.
Discuss why profiling is or is not a science.
Profiling can never be an exact science because of complexit ...
Similar to T whitley unit 5 project (20)
Week 5 Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Children and AdolescentsRe.docx
Week 5 Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Children and AdolescentsRe.docx
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding.docx
In this module, you will learn about the controversies surrounding.docx
Book Reference Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America C.docx
Book Reference Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America C.docx
Module 3 OverviewIn Module 2, you learned about police psy.docx
Module 3 OverviewIn Module 2, you learned about police psy.docx
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
5I.Observer Effects and Examiner BiasChisum and Turvey.docx
101522, 524 PM SafeAssign Originality Reporthttpscla.docx
101522, 524 PM SafeAssign Originality Reporthttpscla.docx
CriminalPsychological ProfilingDiane MillerAbstract
CriminalPsychological ProfilingDiane MillerAbstract
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining t
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining t
criminalprofillingincybersecurityandinformation.pptx
criminalprofillingincybersecurityandinformation.pptx
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the.docx
Be sure to include in your reply specific commentary examining the.docx
Recently uploaded
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Practical manual for National Examination Council, Nigeria.
Contains guides on answering questions on the specimens provided
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Stack Memory Organization of 8086 Microprocessor
The stack memory organization of 8086 microprocessor.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15How to Predict Vendor Bill Product in Odoo 17
This slide will guide us through the process of predicting vendor bill products based on previous purchases from the vendor in Odoo 17.
Recently uploaded (20)
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
T whitley unit 5 project
- 1. COMPARING INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE PROFILING METHODS Tammy Whitley Unit 5 Project CJ430: Psychological Profiling Professor Tamra White Kaplan University December 6, 2011
- 2. INDUCTIVE METHODassumes that if certain crimes Inductive assessment OF PROFILING committed by different people are similar, then the offenders must also share some type of common personality traits. According to Moenssens, Starrs, Henderson, and Inbau (1995), an inductive profile is “a set of behavioral indicators forming a very characteristic pattern of actions or emotions that tend to point to a particular condition”. As pointed out by Brent Turvey (1998), the term inductive is used to explain a branch of statistics, which involves “generalizations, predictions, estimations and decisions from data initially presented”.
- 3. DEDUCTIVE METHOD OF PROFILING Deductive assessment uses a thorough analysis of the physical and non-physical evidence to produce a mental picture of the offender, based on examination of the victim, as well as the scene and all of the elements involved. According to Brent Turvey (1998), a working definition includes “The process of interpreting forensic evidence, including such inputs as crime scene photographs, autopsy reports, autopsy photographs, and a thorough study of individual offender victimology, to accurately reconstruct specific offender crime scene behavior patterns, and from those specific, individual patterns of behavior, deduce offender characteristics, demographics, emotions, and motivations.
- 4. WHAT ARE THE STRENGTHS OF EACH METHOD? Inductive Easy Quick Inexpensive No special knowledge required Comparison to past known crime scenes gives assessment
- 5. STRENGTHS, CONTINUED Deductive By knowing some of the tenets of psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and criminology, a thorough assessment of the offender’s mind and mentality and behavior patterns can be garnered More reliable, since forensic reconstruction, crime scene analysis, and victimilogical assessment work together Works on the assumption that any crime is accompanied by a fantasy Uses known physical and non-physical evidence to arrive at assessment.
- 6. WHAT ARE THE WEAKNESSES OF EACH METHOD? Inductive Possible inability to fully understand human behavior, due to lack of education in necessary fields, namely psychology, sociology, criminology, and psychiatry Sources of information may be flawed or incomplete, leading to comparison with unlike cases Lack of pertinent details, too generalized to be of much use Assumes the offender will be similar in cultural values as past offenders, with similar environmental influences, and assumes similar motivation
- 7. WEAKNESSES, CONTINUED Deductive Takes much longer period of time to develop Can be exhausting for team members involved; physically, emotionally, and mentally Works best if victimology is known;if not, limited knowledge leads to limited suspects Is based on thorough examination of both physical and non-physical evidence, so examination of crime scene is paramount to success Cannot pinpoint an exact individual
- 8. HOW RELIABLE CAN EACH METHOD BE? Inductive At the mercy of comparing to similar cases, assuming they are similar and not based on flawed knowledge If information is coming from questionable source, such as media, or from uncooperative sources, this could cloud and misrepresent crucial information and evidence If, however, the information comes from credible sources, then a serious study can begin For best results, use in conjunction with deductive method
- 9. RELIABILITY, CONTINUED Deductive At the mercy of the crime scene detectives, since the scene itself is of utmost importance in understanding the mental issues of the offender Based on known human characteristics, a thorough examination can lend aid in determining the characteristics of an offender, which can help in narrowing suspects from a broad base to a smaller field of people Experience and knowledge of the profiler is important
- 10. WHAT COULD INTERFERE AND/OR BE PROBLEMATIC IN USING THESE 2 METHODS? Inductive The source of comparable cases needs to be impeccable and cooperative in order to determine that like cases are being compared to like cases; Starting off on the wrong foot here could be disastrous to the investigative process The profiler could be anyone from forensic psychologists to criminologists to policemen. No formal training is required, therefore anyone can quickly make a flawed assessment.
- 11. INTERFERENCE/PROBLEMS, CONTINUED Deductive Having cooperation with all crime scene personnel would be imperative; if the scene should be altered in any way, valuable evidence could be destroyed, leading to false assumptions If victimology cannot be obtained, important information pertaining to the case will be lost. Either of these could, in turn, lead to disastrous results
- 12. FINAL ANALYSIS Both inductive and deductive have good and bad aspects. Taken together they offer a profiler the best opportunity to assess all information, evidence, reports, etc…and assemble a working profile of a suspect which can be used as an aid to investigators to help in solving cases. Only by thorough and proper assessment can a correct, usable profile be assembled.
- 13. REFERENCES Holmes, R.M. & Holmes, S.T. (2009) Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool (4th ed). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc. Moenssens, A., Starrs, J., Henderson, C., & Inbau, F. (1995). Scientific Evidence in Civil and Criminal Cases (pp.1146-1147), 4th Ed. New York: Foundation Press Turvey, B.E. (1998). Deductive Criminal Profiling: Comparing Applied Methodologies Between Inductive and Deductive Criminal Profiling Techniques. Knowledge Solutions Library, Electronic Publication. Retrieved December 6, 2011 from http://www.corpus- delicti.com/Profiling_law.html
Editor's Notes
- I know these have a lot of information for a powerpoint presentation, but I just couldn’t shorten it and still get all of the information across! ;)
- Again, a lot of information, but all of it good. By reading over this at the same time as the presentation, I could intersperse some pauses and allow/ask for any comments and/or questions, thereby lightening the heaviness of so much info at one time.
- Aaaaahhhh….a break!
- Again, by reading over these out loud at presentation, any comments/questions can come into play.
- Each of these could be explained in more detail if needed at presentation.
- Same here.
- I would ask if anyone can think of other aspects which could affect reliability.
- Same here.
- I would ask for ways to overcome these issues and expound upon those.
- Same here.
- I would make sure to stress the importance of utilizing both methods, and mention drawing on outside sources if necessary, since not all departments have the resources to do this type of work.