1.4 town planning ancient india vedic buddha period

Transportation Engineering – II (Town Planning)
1/7/2018
Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com 1
.
Course Learning Outcomes:
• At the end of this session, the student will be
able to principles of Town Planning during
ancient India Era
Ancient India Vedic & Buddha Period

Prof. (Dr.) Sachin Kishor Patil
B.E. Civil, M.E. Civil Environmental Engineering, Ph.D. (IIT, Bombay)
❑ Professor & Head of Department
❑ Department of Civil Engineering
❑ AMGOI, Vathar, Kolhapur, MH, India.
1/7/2018
Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com 2
Disclaimer and acknowledgment
The study material presented by Prof. S K Patil is licensed under
The study material presented herewith is web sourced made
available for community use under Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 unported License.
If you feel the ownership of some of the content, I can acknowledge
or remove as the case may be. Permissions beyond the scope of this
license can be requested at www.skpatil.com

TP in Vedic Period
3
 Upto 400 BC
 Book - “Viswa Karmaprakash” – States principle as “Layout
First then Plan Houses”
 Manasara SilpaSastram
 Ancient building code Vastu Sasthram,
 designing houses,
 planning cities and communities
 Deals with architecture and spatial organisation of
residential quarters.
 Soil Study
 Climate
 Topography
 Orientation
 Layouts of towns
1/15/2018Prof.S.K.Patil,www.skpatil.com

Ancient Layouts of Town in Vedic Period
4
 1. Dandaka (dMDk )
 2. Sarvathobhadra (sava-taoBad/)
 3. Nandyavarta (naMdyava-t)
 4. Padmaka (pdmak )
 5. Swastika (svaistk )
 6. Prastara (p/str )
 7. Karmuka (kama-uK )
 8. Chaturmukha (catu-mauK )

1. Dandaka (दंडक )
5
 Dandaka type of town plan provides for two main entrance gates
 Generally adopted for small towns and villages,
 The village offices being located in the east.
 The female deity of the village or the chamadevata will generally
be located outside the village
 The male deities in the northern portion.
 Grid road

2. Sarvathobhadra (सर्वतोभद्र
6
 This type of town plan is
applicable to larger villages
and towns, which have to be
constructed on a square site.
 According to this plan, the
whole town should be fully
occupied by houses of
various descriptions and
inhabited by all classes of
people.
 The temple dominates the
village.

3. Nandyavarta (Flower Type)
(नन्द्यार्तव)7
 This plan is commonly used for
the construction of towns and not
for villages.
 It is generally adopted for the sites
either circular or square in shape,
with not less than three thousand
houses, but not more than four
thousand.
 The streets run parallel to the
central adjoining streets with the
temple of the presiding deity in the
center of the town.
 “Nandyavarta” is the name of a
flower, the form of which is
followed in this layout.

4. Padmaka (Lotus Flower) (पद्मक)
8
 This type of plan was
practiced for building of
the towns with fortress
all round.
 The pattern of the plan
resembles the petals of
lotus radiating outwards
from the center.
 The city used to be
practically an island
surrounded by water,
having no scope for
expansion

5. Swastika (स्र्स्स्तक)
9
 Swastika type of plan
contemplates some diagonal
streets dividing the site into
certain triangular plots.
 The site need not be marked
out into a square or rectangle
and it may be of any shape.
 A rampart wall surrounds the
town, with a moat at its foot
filled with water.
 Two main streets cross each
other at the center, running
south to north and west to
east.

 The characteristic feature of this plan is that the site may be either
square or rectangular but not triangular or circular.
 The sites are set apart for the poor, the middle class, the rich and the
very rich
 The sizes of the sites increasing according to the capacity of each to
purchase or build upon.
 The main roads
are much wider
compared to those
of other patterns.
 The town may or
may not be surrounded
6. Prastara (प्रस्तर)
10

 This plan is suitable for the place where the site of the town is in
the form of a bow or semi-circular or parabolic.
 Mostly applied for towns located on the seashore or riverbanks.
 The main streets of the town run from north to south or east to
west and the cross streets run at right-angles to them, dividing the
whole area into blocks.
 The presiding deity,
commonly a female deity,
is installed in the temple
build in any convenient
place.
7. Karmuka (कार्मवक )
11

8. Chaturmukha (चतमर्मवख )
12
 Chaturmukha type of plan is applicable to all towns starting from the
largest town to the smallest village.
 The site may be either square or rectangular having four faces.
 The town is laid out east to west lengthwise, with four main streets.
 The temple of the presiding deity will be always at the center

TP in Buddhist Period (320-185 BC)
13
 Chanakya (Kautilya)
 Regulation by zoning
 Rajmarga (main road) min width 30 ft
 Roads - Grid iron pattern
 Eg. Patali-putra, Taksa-Sila, Nalanda
 Sectoral arrangement (clubbing) – Nos. 16
 Houses- with Garden, ponds & Wells
 Under-ground drainage
 City – 16X3.5 Km
 City surrounded by deep moat (180 m)
 Surrounded by Gates and watch towers

1.4 town planning ancient india vedic buddha period

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