1. Lutyens designed New Delhi with wide roads and grand buildings laid out along symmetrical axes and boulevards. At the center was Rashtrapati Bhawan atop Raisina Hill, connected to India Gate via Rajpath. 2. Significant buildings like the Secretariat and Parliament House were placed strategically along the central axis. Connaught Place was designed as the commercial hub. 3. While the new imperial capital housed the elite, the common people lived in growing slums with inadequate housing and infrastructure due to large migration to the city.

1. LUTYEN’S DELHI -in terms of urban design
Submitted by-
AARTI RANI
1405005
sem-07

2. CONTENTS
• New Delhi- Introduction
• Topography
• Map of Delhi
• New Delhi as an Imperial
Capital
• Lutyen’s Delhi
– Design
– Initial Layout
– The Central Axis
– Placement of significant
structures
– Ariel view of Delhi
– Features
– Princely States
– Land Use
– Old Delhi vs. New Delhi
– Significant Landmarks
• Rashtrapati Bhawan
• The Secretariat
• Parliament House
• India Gate
• Jantar Mantar
• Cannaught Place
• Urban Nodes
• Lutyen’s Bunglow Zone
• Major Road Networks in the
City
• Airways
• Common people in an Imperial
Capital
• Housing
• Slums
• Economy
• Problems

3. NEW DELHI
• Delhi is the largest metropolis of India and eighth largest of the World.
• New Delhi is the capital and seat of government of India. It is also a
municipality and district in Delhi.
• Area- 1483 sq km.
CLIMATE
• Wind directions vary with season.
• In the summers, the predominant wind directions are from the west in
the morning and either west or northwest in the evening.
• In the monsoons, the predominant wind directions are from the
southeast or west in the morning and from east (in July and August) or
north-west (in September) in the evenings.
• Delhi has a semi arid climate, with hot summers, average rainfall and
moderate winters.
• Mean monthly temperatures range from 14.3° C in January to 34.5° C in
June.
• However, the extreme temperatures go upto 40-45° C in summers and 4-
5° C in winters.
• The annual precipitation is about 711 mm.

4. -Delhi is located on the western fringes of
the Gangetic Plains.
-The Ridge, which reaches the height of
1043 ft above sea level, and is the highest
point in Delhi.
TOPOGRAPHY
-The Yamuna is the main source of drinking
water for the citizens of Delhi.
-The main features of Delhi are the Aravali hill
ranges and the Yamuna river. The Aravali hill
ranges are covered with forest called the
Ridges.
-There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the
total area in Delhi. Delhi’s mineral sources are
primarily sand and stone which are used for
construction activities.

6. NEW DELHI
AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL
“He who rules Delhi, rules India.”
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND-
– SEVEN CITIES- Indraprastha, Lal Kot, Qila Rai Pithora,
Tughlaqabad, Jahanpanah, Firozabad, shergarh.
– OLD DELHI, walled city was founded as
Shahjahanabad by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan.
• Major change and expansion of Urban Delhi
started in the second decade of Twentieth
Century when Britishers planned New Delhi, the
Capital of India.

7. • The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India
during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.
• NEW DELHI designed by Sir Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker,
redefined the architecture and urbanism of Delhi in the process of
addressing contemporary imperatives.

8. LUTYEN’S DELHI

9. •Lutyens had initially designed
Delhi with all the streets crossing
at right angles, much like in New
York.
•However, Lord Hardinge told him
of the dust storms that sweep the
landscape in these parts, insisting
on roundabouts, hedges and
trees to break their force, giving
him the plans of Rome, Paris and
Washington to study and apply to
Delhi.
•Lutyens plan for Delhi is purely
geometrical in form.
The initial design of New Delhi

10. Intentions of the Layout:
Lutyens’ Delhi was planned on the most spacious garden
city lines with the great avenues decorated with classical
buildings with lush landscape.
Image 1
Image 2

11. THE MAP PREPARED BY LUTYENS, Existing city- black and imperial Delhi- red

12. The central
axis
It connected the
important
government
buildings, such as-
Rashtrapati Bhawan,
The Secretariat along
its side, Sansad
Bhawan, War
memorial Arch, India
Gate.
The commercial hub,
Connaught place is
also connected to this
axis perpendicularly.

13. THE
CENTRAL
VISTA

14. Placement of significant structures:
• New Delhi is structured
around two central
promenades called the
Rajpath(Kingsway) and the
Jan path.
• At the heart of the city is the
magnificent Rashtrapati
Bhawan (formerly known as
Viceroy's House) which sits
atop Raisina Hill.
• The Secretariat, which
houses various ministries of
the Government of India,
flanks out of the Rashtrapati
Bhawan.
• The Parliament House,
designed by Herbert Baker,
is located at the Sansad
Marg, which runs parallel to
the Rajpath.
• Twelve separate roads lead
out of the outer ring of
Connaught Place, one of
them being the Janpath.

16. ARIEL VIEW OF NEW DELHI

17. Ariel
View of
the
Central
Axis and
the
buildings
around
it.

18. Features of Planning:
1. The plan reflects Lutyens’ “transcendent fervour for geometric
symmetry,” which is expressed through amazing sequences of triangles
and hexagons, through sightlines and axes.
2. The attempt was to include all
natural and historic wonders in
the new city.
3. The layout of Lutyens Delhi was
governed by three major visual
corridors, linking the government
complex with :
• Jama Masjid
• Indraprastha
• Safdarjung Tomb
Image Source: http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/downloads/townplaning.pdf

19. • Lutyens’ plan is also remarkable for the
generous green spaces, lawns, watercourses,
flower and fruit-bearing trees, and their
integration with the parks developed around
monuments.
• It was built with indigenous materials and by
Indian labour and the architecture of the
building bears a close imprint of the Indian
tradition.
• The layout of fountains both inside and
outside the building, the use of Indian
symbols, the "Chhajjas” and the varied forms
of "Jali" in marble are reminders of the story
of the craftsmanship displayed in ancient
monuments and memorials.

20. 1. Lutyens laid out the central administrative area of the city.
2. At the heart of the city was the impressive Rashtrapati Bhawan, located on the top
of Raisina Hill. The Raj path connects India Gate to Rashtrapati Bhawan, while
Janpath, which crosses it at a right angle, connects South end with Connaught
Place.
3. The Secretariat Building, which houses various ministries of the Government of
India including Prime Minister's Office are beside the Rashtrapati Bhawan and were
designed by Herbert Baker.
4. Also designed by Baker was the Parliament House, located on the Sansad Marg,
running parallel with the Rajpath.
The Government Complex/ Administrative area
The use of topography to express hierarchy.

21. COLUMNS
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
THICK BAND
JALIS
BUDDHIST DOME
THICK BAND

22. • Starting from India Gate, at the
lowest and eastern end of Rajpath,
nearby land was allocated to
numerous princely states, each of
which built small palaces, such as
the Bikaner House (now the
Rajasthan tourism office) and Jaipur
House (now the National Gallery of
Modern Art).
• It might be said that this placement
mirrored the British sentiments
toward the princes, who lost much
of their former power and status
during the British Raj. Here, too, are
the state Bhavans (houses), where
you can taste the cuisine of each
state.
THE PRINCELY STATES

23. The Hyderabad House
The Jaipur House
The Patiala House
The Baroda House

24. LAND USE
LAND USE % OF
LAND
Residential 45-55
Commercial 4-5
Industrial 4-5
Green/Recreation
al
15-20
Public and semi
public facilities
8-10
circulation 10-12
GOVERNMENT
COMPLEX
BUNGLOW ZONE
COMMERCIAL
DISTRICT

25. OLD DELHI VS NEW DELHI
Delhi New Delhi
• Delhi is large metropolitan
city which has 11 districts.
• Old Delhi’s narrow,
unhygienic and congested
by-lanes.
• Built by Shahjahan, in
Mughal architectural style.
• New Delhi is the area of Delhi.
It is the capital of Delhi, as well
as India.
• Excellent metro rail and road
network, Wide roads, sky-
rocketing buildings, stunning
infrastructures and great
flyovers .
• Designed by British architects
with a fusion of classical and
Mughal architecture i.e.,
INDO-SARSENIC
ARCHITECTURE.

26. LANDMARKS IN THE CITY:

27. Lutyen's grandiose Government House (Rashtrapati Bhawan) - located on Raisina Hill,
and one of New Delhi's major thoroughfares, Rajpath, connects it to the Purana Qila
Lord Hardinge chose the Raisina Hill for
locating the viceroy’s palace because:
The Rashtrapati Bhawan
• It was a well drained.
• Constituted of slopes and plains
between the ridge and the river.
• Its eastern and southern margins
were studded with monuments of
vanished empires. A broad crescent
from Shahjahanabad and Kotla Firoz
Shah, south to Tughlaqabad and the
Qutub with tombs of Safdarjung and
Lodi's as well as Jantar Mantar in the
foreground could be viewed from the
site.
Image 1
Image 2

28. RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN
• The layout plan of the
building is designed around
a massive square with
multiple courtyards and
open inner areas within.
• It has four types of garden-
• The Mughal Garden
• Herbal Garden
• Spiritual Garden
• Musical Garden
(mostly initiated by Dr. Kalam)

29. The Secretariat
• The Secretariat Building was designed by
architect Herbert Baker in Indo-Saracenic Revival
architecture.
• Much of the building is in classical architectural
style, yet it incorporated Mughal and Rajasthani
architecture style and motifs in its architecture.
• These are visible in the use of Jali.
• Another feature of the building is a dome-like
structure known as the Chatri.
• The style of architecture used
in Secretariat Building is
unique to Raisina Hill. In front
of the main gates on buildings
are the four "dominion
columns", given by Canada,
Australia, New Zealand and
South Africa.
Image 1
Image 2
Image 3

30. Parliament House
• Originally called the House of
Parliament, it was designed by the
British architect Edwin
Lutyens and Herbert Baker in 1912-
1913 and construction began in
1921.
• The shape is circular, separate halls
were constructed for the sessions
of the State Council, and
the Central Legislative Assembly.
• The building is surrounded by large
gardens and the perimeter is fenced
off by sandstone railings (jali).

31. The King said "On this spot, in the central
vista of the Capital of India, there will
stand a Memorial Archway, designed to
keep" in the thoughts of future
generations "the glorious sacrifice of the
officers and men of the Indian Army who
fought and fell".
•It is a replica of Arc De’Trompe in France.
CANOPY-
Lutyens used
four Delhi Order
columns to support
the domed canopy
and
its chajja. Under the
canopy having the
Royal Coat of Arms.
INDIA GATE

32. JANTAR MANTAR-
The Jantar Mantar is an equinoctial sundial, consisting a gigantic triangular gnomon with
the hypotenuse parallel to the Earth's axis. On either side of the gnomon is a quadrant of a
circle, parallel to the plane of the equator.
The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the
times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.
Now a days, its used as a place to express protest on political issues.

33. CONNAUGHT PLACE
Designed by Sir Robert Russel.
The Connaught Place is a large, circular
commercial area in New Delhi,
modelled after the Royal Crescent in
England.
Connaught Place is one of the largest
financial, commercial and business
centers in New Delhi, India. It is often
abbreviated to CP .It was developed as
a showpiece of Lutyens' Delhi with a
prominent Central Business District.
NIGHT VIEW FROM THE STREET

35. Connaught Place had only two
floors, which made almost a
complete circle intended to
commercial establishments on the
ground with residential space on
the first floor.
The circle was
eventually designed
with two concentric
circles, creating an
Inner Circle, Middle
Circle and the Outer
Circle with seven
roads radiating from
a circular central
park.
ARIEL VIEW OF CANNAUGHT PLACE
CENTRAL PARK

36. URBAN NODES-

37. LUTYEN’S BUNGALOW ZONE
“LBZ- DELHI’S HOTTEST REAL STATE HUB”
• Located in the heart of the city
with wide and green open spaces.
• Cover- 3000 acres, approx- 1.5%
of the landmass of Delhi.
• Having about 1000 bungalows, out of
which 65-70 are for private use.
• The rest is used by ministers and other government officials.
• Billionaire zone.
• Prices reach upto 600 crores.
• Some bungalows look into the nearby Lodi garden.
• LBZ density= 14-15 people per acre.
• East Delhi= 1100-1600 people per acre.

39. • Designed with aesthetics in mind, the zone was kept intact and
devoid of any new development for several decades, even as the
city around it grew in leaps and bounds.
• No high rises, no basements and no changes in the construction
of the bungalows in the entire zone.
An old spiral
staircase in
LBZ, showing
despite its
lack of
modern
amenities,
the area is
kept
preserved.

40. • Bungalow in
Safdurjung
lane , its
garden has
won many
award for its
fantastic
landscaping.

41. MAJOR ROAD NETWORKS IN THE CITY
•Edwin Lutyens had
initially designed new
Delhi with all the street
crossing at right angles.
•The road network
consisted of diagonals
and radials shape and
at 30 degree or 60
degree angles to the
main axis, which
forming triangles and
hexagons.
•The design of road
network was capable of
accommodating 6000
vehicles.

42. • Delhi is predominantly dependent on road transport, with the
railways catering to only about 1% of the local traffic.
• Buses cater to 62% of the total traffic while personal vehicles
account for the balance 37%. Although, buses constitute only 1.1%
of the total number of vehicles.
• Among personalized vehicles, motor cycles and scooters comprise
about two third of the total number of vehicles in Delhi, while cars
and jeeps account for one fourth of the total vehicles.

43. RAIL AND METRO NETWORK
•The ring rail network in Delhi is
grossly underutilized.
•The railways catering to only about
1% of the local traffic.

44. AIRWAYS
INDIRA GANDHI
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
•It is India's and South Asia's largest
aviation hub, with a current capacity
of handling more than 40 million
passengers.
•Approximately 80 airlines serve this
airport.

45. COMMON PEOPLE IN AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL

46. PEOPLE AND THE CITY

47. HOUSING FOR COMMON PEOPLE-
• Total no of households- 39.48 lakhs.
• Urban- 97.78% (size- 4.39)
• Rural- 2.23% (size-4.93)
• Pucca houses- 99.10%
• Semi-Pucca- 0.68%
• Kutcha-0.22%
• Independent houses- 51.11%
• Flat type- 46.51%
• AMENITIES-
• WATER- exclusive use- 62%, Shared-17.16%, Government provision- 17.03%
• VENTILATION- Good-52.96%, Satisfactory- 40.02%, Bad- 7.02%.
• A major expansion started on partition of the country in 1947 with the huge
number of refugees coming to settle in Delhi.
• Migration started to this city of opportunities and availabilities from
adjoining States of UP, Haryana, and Rajasthan for employment.
• Delhi Development Act, 1957, was notified for proper development of this
city according to a Master Plan and DDA was given this job.

48. SLUMS IN DELHI
Bhalswa Slum Delhi

49. ECONOMY:
• Delhi received over 3.2 million domestic and international tourists
in 2010-11.
• IT SECTOR- Delhi is one of the major hubs for IT sector along with
Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, and Mumbai-Pune. The city, with
its large population of well educated work force, is ideally
positioned to attain the pre-eminent position for providing workers
for this fast growth sector. However, there is need for undertaking
major capacity building exercise in consonance with the
requirements of this sector.
• DELHI WITH MILLION PLUS POPULATION HAS ONE OF THE FASTEST
GROWING ECONOMIES IN INDIA.
• WITH 15% AVERAGE COMPOUND GROWTH RATE DELHI'S
ECONOMY IS DRIVEN BY THE SERVICE SECTOR.
• ITS 78% OF GSDP IS BECAUSE OF SERVICE SECTOR WHICH PROVIDE
EMPLOYMENT TO 58% OF LABOUR CLASS.

50. POLLUTION AND SMOG, CROWD, CONJESTION, TRAFFIC
PROBLEMS

51. PROBLEMS :
• In this whole process almost no attention was paid to the problems of Old Delhi.
Due to the creation of New Delhi, Old Delhi experienced a 28% surge in population
from 1916-1926 resulting in the spilling over of the population from inside the
walled city to the Paharganj area, whose restructuring was later abandoned by
Lutyens due to resource constraints.
• Also, no provision of housing was premeditated for the large no. of skilled and
unskilled workers which immigrated in for the construction work of New Delhi.
• This negligence of the planners towards Old Delhi resulted in its transformation to
a large slum area through deterioration and dilapidation.
• The traffic-
• 89 lakhs vehicles run on Delhi roads and an additional 2 lakh enter the city from
outside every day, adding to the congestion.
• Researchers say- unless immediate actions are taken to unclog its roads, Delhi may
find it crawling at 5kmph- the average speed of a human walking- in the next ten
years.
• So, the focus is on encouraging people to use public transport by making it
comfortable and easily accessible.
• The results are clear; traffic congestion has resulted in drastically reduced traffic
speeds, often as low as 10km/h.
• If the city was designed so as to encourage mixed usage of the roads, there might
have been more pedestrian movement discouraging criminal activities. The capital
is not considered very safe for women for this reason.

52. THANK YOU
NIGHT VIEW OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE