social welfare services in India

1. Rajeev Kumar
M.S.W., M.Phil., UGC-JRF
Senior Research Fellow, IIT Kharagpur
Social welfare Services in India

2. What is social service?
Charitable activities
What is social work?
What is professionalism
What is science?
Difference between science and technology

3. Professionalism
 Extensive training
 Specialized knowledge
 Application
 Theoretical knowledge
 Research
 Code of ethics
 Regulated by governing body

4. What is social work?
 To help the person to help himself
 Enabling /empowerment
 In systematic way
 Professional way
 Maintains objectivity

5. Techniques of social work
 Social case work- at individual level
 Social group work-at group level/ family
 Community organization – at community level
 Social welfare administration- organization level
 Social research
 Social action –at mass level

6. What is social welfare
 The Indian Constitution establishes a welfare
state.
 This is clear from the salient features in the
Preamble and the Directive Principles of State
Policy (DPSP)
 In this spirit, India is making a determined attempt
to fulfil its ideal of a welfare state not only in
principle but also through economic planning,
 thus securing to the Indian citizens justice—
social, economic and political.

7. continued
 Brief discussion on mainstreaming and
marginalization

8. Social welfare schemes
 Women and Child Development
 Scheduled Tribes/scheduled caste/backward
caste Welfare
 Unorganised Sector
 Minority welfare
 Differentially abled welfare
 Senior citizen welfare
 Urban rural poverty alleviation

9. Social security
 According to I.L.O, “Social security is the protection
which
society provides for its members through a series of
public
measure, against the economic and social distress
that
otherwise would be caused by the substantial stoppage
of
earning resulting from :-
sickness
maternity
injury
unemployment
old age and

10. Purpose of social security
To give individuals and families the confidence
that their level of living and quality of life will not
erode by social or economic eventuality.
To provide medical care and income security
against the
consequences of defined contingencies
To facilitate the victims physical and vocational
rehabilitation
To prevent or reduce ill health and accidents in the
occupations
To protect against unemployment by maintenance
and promotion of job creation
To provide benefit for the maintenance of any
children

11. objectives
 Compensation
 Restoration
 Prevention

12. Approaches
 Social assistance:
A method to provide benefits as of right to
persons,
usually of small means in amounts sufficient to
meet a
minimum standards of living from general revenues
of
the state.

13. Contingencies of social security
 Medical Care
 Sickness Benefit
 Unemployment Benefit
 Old Age Benefit
 Employment Injury
 Benefit
 Family Benefit
 Maternity Benefit

14. Social assistance
 NSAP stands for National Social Assistance
Programme. NSAP was launched on 15th August,
1995.
 In particular, Article 41 of the Constitution of India
directs the State to provide public assistance to
its citizens in case of unemployment, old age,
sickness and disablement and in other cases of
undeserved want within the limit of its economic
capacity and development.

15. continued
 The NSAP at its inception in 1995 had three
components namely
 National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS,
 National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) and
 National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS).
 The National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS)
was subsequently transferred on 1st April, 2001
from the Ministry of Rural development to the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

16. continued
 On 1st April, 2000 a new Scheme known as
Annapurna Scheme was launched.
 This scheme aimed at providing food security to
meet the requirement of those senior citizens
who, though eligible, have remained uncovered
under the NOAPS.

17. continued
 In February 2009, two new Schemes known as
Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
(IGNWPS) and Indira Gandhi National Disability
Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) were introduced.

18. Social policy
 Broadly speaking, the term ‘policy’ refers to the
general guidelines or principles, which give direction
to a particular course of action by the government or
by an organisation.
 According to David Gill: Social policies are principles/
course of action designed to influence:
i) the overall quality of life in a society;
ii) the circumstances of living of individuals and groups
in that society; and
iii) the nature of intra- societal relationships among
individuals, groups and society as a whole.

19. continued
 According to Kulkarni “Social policy is the strategy
of
 action indicating means and methods to be
followed in
 successive phases to achieve the declared social
 objectives.”

20. Social policy
 According to Prof. Titmuss, social policy
represents a
 summation of acts of government, deliberately
designed
 to improve the welfare of people

21. Actors in Formulation of Social
Policy
 Government
 ii) Political parties
 iii) Individual reforms
 iv) Voluntary organisations
 v) Social action groups
 vi) Plan documents
 vii) Laws and courts
 viii) Parliamentary committees

22. Problems in Policy
Implementation
 Lack of political will
 Widespread corruption at each and every level of
 functioning
 Financial constraints
 Red-tapism
 Erosion of moral values
 Financial constraints
 Inadequate staffing
 Absence of training
 Lack of people’s participation
Gross mismatch between actual needs and
 perceived needs of people
 Delay in getting justice.

23. Strategies for Effecting Changes
in Policies
 Use of mass media
 ii) Creation of public opinion
 iii) Demonstrations
 iv) Public Interest Litigation
 v) Discussions, Meetings and Seminars
 Building pressure over government
 vii) Submission of memorandum
 viii) Signature campaign
 ix) Pressure groups etc.

24. Concept of Social Planning
 Planning is the process of preparing a blueprint of
actions
to attain stated objectives within a time frame.
 M.Webber defines planning as the process of
making rational decisions about future goals and
future courses of action,
 Alfred J. Kahn defines planning as follows:
Planning is policy choice and programming in the
light of facts, projections and application of
values.
 Planning is policy formulation and realization
through choices and rationalization.

25. Social development
Social Development Through Planning
 Planning gives expression to the idea of
intervention and it is a central notion in social
development.
 Advocates of planning contend that social and
economic
processes can be directed through rational
intervention
to improve society.

26. What is social development ?
Social Development is the promotion of a
sustainable society that is worthy of human
dignity by empowering marginalised groups,
women and men, to undertake their own
development, to improve their social and
economic position and to acquire their rightful
place in society…..”
---Bilance, 1997
Social Development is equality of social
opportunities”
- Amartya Sen, 1995

27. Definition of social development
“Human development is a process of enlarging
peoples’ choices.
The most critical choices that people should have,
include a long and healthy life, access to
knowledge and
income, assets and employment for a decent
standard of
living…
(But) human development concerns more than the
formation of human capabilities such as improved
health
or knowledge.
It also concerns the use of these capabilities”

28. How social development is
measured?
The Human Development Reports
of United Nation Development Programme
(UNDP)
have developed indices such as the
Human Development Index (HDI),
the Human Poverty Index (HPI) &
the Gender-related Development Index (GDI).

29. The Human Development Index
(HDI)
is in terms of capabilities of three basic dimensions
of human development:
• Life longevity
• Knowledge (adult literacy and combined primary,
secondary and tertiary enrolment)
• Decent standard of living (real per capita income)

30. The Human Poverty Index
(HPI),
meant for most deprived sections of the community,
is based on deprivations in the essential elements
of decent human life:
• Basic Survival (Death before age 40, child and
maternal mortality)
• Educational levels (% of illiterate adults)
• Overall economic provisioning (% of people
without access to health services and safe water)
• Sustainability (% of underweight children under
5)

31. Gender related development
index

32. Brief discussion
 Comparison of all development index

33. What after development ???
 Do you think, all our problem are solved ?
 The next phase after development

34. Social change
 Change implies all variations in human
societies. When changes occur in the modes
of living of individuals and social relation gets
influenced, such changes are called social
changes.
 Social change refers to the modifications
which take place in life pattern of people.
 Hence, social change would mean observable
differences in any social phenomena over any
period of time.

35. Definitions of social changes
 Kingsley Davis says, “By Social change is
meant only such alternations as occur in
social organization – that is, the structure and
functions of society”.
 Morris Ginsberg defines, “By social change, I
understand a change in social structure, e.g.,
the size of the society, the composition or the
balance of its parts or the type of its
organization”.
 Fairchild defines social change as “variations
or modifications in any aspects of social
process, pattern or form.

36. What is social change ?
 Compare all the definitions
 Brief discussion
 How it is related with social development ?

37. Social action
Social action is a method of social work used for
mobilizing
masses in order to bring about structural changes
in the social
system or to prevent adverse changes.

38. Definitions of social action
Mary Richmond was the first social worker to use the
word “social action” in 1922.
She defines social action as “mass betterment
through propaganda and social legislation”.
Sydney Maslin (1947) limits the scope of social action
by considering it as a process of social work mainly
concerned with securing legislation to meet mass
problems.
Baldwin (1966) defines social action as “an organized
effort to change social and economic institutions as
distinguished from social work or
social service, the fields which do not characteristically
cover essential changes in established institutions.

39. Principles of social action
 Principle of Credibility Building
 Principle of Legitimization
 Principle of Dramatization
 Principle of Multiple Strategies

40. Principle of Credibility Building
It is the task of creating public image of leadership,
the organization and the participants of the
movement

41. Principle of Legitimization
Legitimization is the process of convincing the
target group and
the general public that the movement-objectives
are morally
right.

42. Principle of Dramatization
Dramatization is the principle of mass mobilization
by which the leaders of a movement galvanize
the population into action by emotional appeals to
heroism, sensational news management, novel
procedures,

43. MULTIPLE STRATEGIES
 Educational strategy
 Persuasive strategy
 Facilitative strategy
 Power strategy