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The document discusses various definitions and measures of productivity. It defines productivity as a ratio of outputs to inputs. Productivity can be measured for labor, materials, machines, and capital. Historical benchmarking compares a unit's productivity over time, while multifactor productivity accounts for multiple inputs like labor, materials, and overhead. The document also outlines several Japanese techniques for improving productivity, such as just-in-time, total productive maintenance, statistical process control, and continuous improvement cycles. Higher productivity is important for an organization's overall performance and competitiveness.
Operations management (OM) involves managing processes and systems involved in producing goods and services. Key OM activities include forecasting demand, capacity planning, scheduling, supply chain management, quality assurance, facility location planning, and project management. OM is critical for all organizations as it is involved in at least 50% of all jobs. An operations strategy outlines decisions around products, processes, resources, quality standards, costs, schedules, and delivery times. It involves positioning production systems and setting product/service and production process/technology plans. Productivity and improving it is an important focus of OM.
Strategy, not tactics, should drive aggregate planning. The research found that most manufacturers follow a chase or modified chase strategy to deal with seasonal demand fluctuations. While a mixed strategy is theoretically cheaper, no firms in the study adopted it. The research also found that aggregate planning is often flawed and not truly strategy-driven. Manufacturers need to select the appropriate production strategy to tackle seasonal demands for long-term viability.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
STAFFING
DIRECTING
CONTROLLING
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
MARKETING RESEARCH
MEASURING AND FORECASTING MARKET DEMAND
Study on Inventory Management at Reid & Taylor (India) LtdProjects Kart
Inventory is a list of goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business. Inventory management is primarily about specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. Inventory management is required at different locations within a facility or within multiple locations of a supply network to protect the regular and planned course of production against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods. The scope of inventory management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying costs of inventory, asset management, inventory forecasting, inventory valuation, inventory visibility, future inventory price forecasting, physical inventory, available physical space for inventory, quality management, replenishment, returns and defective goods and demand forecasting.
This document discusses various aspects of control in an organizational context. It begins by defining control and its objectives according to Henry Fayol. It then covers types of controls like preventive, concurrent, and feedback controls. It discusses external vs internal controls and steps in the control process. Finally, it discusses non-budgetary control techniques, managing cash flow and cost cutting, information systems and control, and characteristics of effective controls.
Work study is an analytical technique used to improve existing work methods and performance by eliminating waste. It comprises motion study and time study to analyze current job processes, measure work content by timing qualified workers, and increase productivity. Benefits include more effective use of resources, standardized operations, improved efficiency, and greater job satisfaction. Method study systematically analyzes work methods to develop new procedures that improve manufacturing, layouts, equipment and reduce fatigue while ensuring safety. The procedure selects jobs for study, records existing methods, analyzes data, develops improved methods, installs and evaluates changes, and maintains the new methods.
The document discusses various definitions and measures of productivity. It defines productivity as a ratio of outputs to inputs. Productivity can be measured for labor, materials, machines, and capital. Historical benchmarking compares a unit's productivity over time, while multifactor productivity accounts for multiple inputs like labor, materials, and overhead. The document also outlines several Japanese techniques for improving productivity, such as just-in-time, total productive maintenance, statistical process control, and continuous improvement cycles. Higher productivity is important for an organization's overall performance and competitiveness.
Operations management (OM) involves managing processes and systems involved in producing goods and services. Key OM activities include forecasting demand, capacity planning, scheduling, supply chain management, quality assurance, facility location planning, and project management. OM is critical for all organizations as it is involved in at least 50% of all jobs. An operations strategy outlines decisions around products, processes, resources, quality standards, costs, schedules, and delivery times. It involves positioning production systems and setting product/service and production process/technology plans. Productivity and improving it is an important focus of OM.
Strategy, not tactics, should drive aggregate planning. The research found that most manufacturers follow a chase or modified chase strategy to deal with seasonal demand fluctuations. While a mixed strategy is theoretically cheaper, no firms in the study adopted it. The research also found that aggregate planning is often flawed and not truly strategy-driven. Manufacturers need to select the appropriate production strategy to tackle seasonal demands for long-term viability.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
STAFFING
DIRECTING
CONTROLLING
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
MARKETING RESEARCH
MEASURING AND FORECASTING MARKET DEMAND
Study on Inventory Management at Reid & Taylor (India) LtdProjects Kart
Inventory is a list of goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business. Inventory management is primarily about specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. Inventory management is required at different locations within a facility or within multiple locations of a supply network to protect the regular and planned course of production against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods. The scope of inventory management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying costs of inventory, asset management, inventory forecasting, inventory valuation, inventory visibility, future inventory price forecasting, physical inventory, available physical space for inventory, quality management, replenishment, returns and defective goods and demand forecasting.
This document discusses various aspects of control in an organizational context. It begins by defining control and its objectives according to Henry Fayol. It then covers types of controls like preventive, concurrent, and feedback controls. It discusses external vs internal controls and steps in the control process. Finally, it discusses non-budgetary control techniques, managing cash flow and cost cutting, information systems and control, and characteristics of effective controls.
Work study is an analytical technique used to improve existing work methods and performance by eliminating waste. It comprises motion study and time study to analyze current job processes, measure work content by timing qualified workers, and increase productivity. Benefits include more effective use of resources, standardized operations, improved efficiency, and greater job satisfaction. Method study systematically analyzes work methods to develop new procedures that improve manufacturing, layouts, equipment and reduce fatigue while ensuring safety. The procedure selects jobs for study, records existing methods, analyzes data, develops improved methods, installs and evaluates changes, and maintains the new methods.
Introduction to production and operations managementTAYYABA MAHR
This document provides an overview of production and operations management. It defines key terms like management, operations, and value-added. It describes the inputs, transformation processes, and outputs involved in operations. It also lists some examples of goods-oriented and service-oriented operations. Additionally, it discusses why organizations need operations managers and the responsibilities of operations management like planning, organizing, staffing, controlling, and directing activities. Finally, it covers some of the critical decisions operations managers must make regarding design, quality, processes, capacity, location, and other strategic issues.
Man power management or labour management.Sumpi Tana
This document discusses managing labor/manpower in construction projects. It discusses the importance of effective manpower management for achieving project goals on time and under budget. Labor productivity, which is output per labor hour, is a key factor. The document outlines several labor characteristics that can impact productivity, such as skills, initiative, dependability, and ability to work under pressure. It also discusses how project work conditions like job site accessibility, equipment usage, and climate can affect productivity. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of organizing work through prioritizing tasks, planning, delegating responsibilities, and making timely decisions.
Introduction to Production Planning by Jasmin Dalaljasmindalal
This document defines and discusses production management, planning, controlling, and scheduling. It outlines the objectives of production management as producing quality products at minimum cost while maintaining schedules. Production planning involves designing production processes and implementing plans to produce quality output efficiently. Production controlling involves monitoring and reporting on production activities. Scheduling determines the timing of operations to meet delivery dates with optimal resource utilization. Quality control assesses quality at different stages to ensure products meet standards and specifications.
Work study involves systematically examining work methods to improve efficiency. It has several components, including motion and time study. Motion study analyzes body movements during tasks. Time study determines the time taken by qualified workers to perform tasks. The objectives of motion and time study are to reduce costs while maintaining quality. Work simplification redesigns work practices, equipment, and layouts to reduce physical stress. It uses various charts and diagrams. Principles of motion economy provide guidelines to maximize efficiency and minimize fatigue. Time study is used to determine staffing needs, costs, and more. Stopwatch time study times short jobs, while long-cycle study times long jobs. Performance rating and allowances adjust observed times.
Ch8 controlling class 12 business studiesPriyanka Rao
Controlling ensures that organizational activities are performed according to plans and resources are used efficiently to achieve goals. The controlling process involves setting standards, measuring actual performance, comparing to standards, analyzing deviations, and taking corrective actions. Traditional controlling techniques include personal observation, statistical reports, break-even analysis, and budget control. Modern techniques include return on investment, ratio analysis, responsibility accounting, management information systems, PERT/CPM, and management audits. Controlling is an essential function for accomplishing organizational goals, evaluating standards, and motivating employees.
Operations management concerns the conversion of inputs into outputs through physical or non-physical processes. It applies to both manufacturing and service organizations. Some key functions of an operations manager include facility location planning, plant layout, material handling, product and process design, production planning and control, scheduling, and dispatching. There are different types of operations systems such as mass production, lean production, and craft production. Studying operations management is important because it is a major function of any organization and allows understanding of how goods and services are produced in an efficient manner.
Work study involves systematically analyzing work methods to improve efficiency and productivity. Key aspects include setting performance standards, reducing unnecessary work, improving quality, and evaluating human performance. The main resources needed are manpower, materials, machines, money, and methods. Conducting time and motion studies allows establishing standard times for tasks. This helps determine targets, costs, staffing needs, and more. Common challenges include worker resistance and production issues.
This document provides an overview of human resource planning (HRP). It defines HRP as forecasting future demand and supply of employees. The objectives of HRP include forecasting requirements, anticipating changes, and identifying imbalances. The HRP process involves environmental scanning, setting objectives and policies, forecasting personnel needs and supplies, programming resources, implementation, and control/evaluation. Limitations include uncertainties and resistance from employers and employees.
This document provides an overview of production planning and control (PPC). It discusses the meaning and need for PPC, its objectives and phases. PPC helps achieve production goals through efficient resource utilization and coordinated activities. It has three phases - planning, action, and control. The planning phase involves prior and active planning to determine processes, materials, tools, loading, and scheduling. The action phase focuses on dispatching work as planned. Control ensures planned and actual production are matched through corrective actions based on feedback. Overall, PPC directs and coordinates firm resources to meet predefined production targets.
Production involves transforming inputs like materials, money, machines, and labor into outputs like goods and services. It is defined as the ratio of output to input. Productivity can be measured in different ways, such as labor productivity which is output divided by number of laborers. Factors that affect productivity include human resources, technology, capital investment, government regulation, product design, equipment, worker skills, and production volume. Productivity can be increased through better use of materials, labor, equipment, and facilities. Common production methods are continuous mass production, large one-time projects, and intermittent batch or job production.
Objectives and function of Production Planning and Controlmadhannaveen
This document provides an overview of production planning and control for the subject IE6605 at VIRUDHUNAGAR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. It discusses key concepts like production system, production planning items, controlling items, nature of MRP, production planning, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, inspection, evaluating, objectives of production planning and control, time dimensions, planning phase, production control, material requirement planning, and key factors of MRP. The document is intended to educate students on the core concepts and functions of production planning and control.
Operations management aims to produce the right quality of goods and services as quickly as possible and as cheaply as possible. However, achieving all three goals simultaneously can be difficult. Operations managers must decide on production location, scale, methods, and material supplies to balance quality, speed, and cost in an efficient manner. Changing production methods can lower costs per unit but may also reduce flexibility and customization.
This document outlines the proposed structure and functions of the SABPP Audit Unit. Key points:
- The Audit Unit will have a CEO, Head of Audit, auditors and administrators to conduct HR audits against the 13 elements of the SABPP HR Management Standards System.
- Auditors will go through a rigorous selection process including experience requirements, training, and competency assessments.
- A three lines of defense risk model is adopted to structure internal controls, management oversight, and independent auditing.
- The audit process involves pre-audit preparation, an on-site audit, issuing an audit report, and potential certification if standards are met. Continuous improvement is encouraged.
Introduction to Industrial Engineering.pptxvirshit
This document provides an overview of an introduction to industrial engineering course taught by Prof. Shital Patel. It includes the course content, outcomes, and an introduction to key concepts. The content covers the history and contributions of important thinkers like Adam Smith, James Watt, Frederick Taylor, and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. It also describes the industrial engineering approach of collecting data, analyzing it, identifying productive and non-productive activities, and selecting optimal solutions. The goal is to optimize resource use, reduce waste, and improve productivity to increase output and lower costs.
1. The document discusses auditing manpower planning strategies and processes using an outcome-based assessment approach. It aims to move auditing from an input-output observational process to an analytical outcome-based assessment.
2. The purpose is to establish a mechanism for quantitatively measuring the actual position of manpower practices, frameworks, and efficiency through gap analysis and scorecards. This will help identify areas for improvement in existing manpower planning frameworks.
3. The scope covers auditing key areas of manpower planning like HR systems, staffing practices, training and development, and succession planning to assess effectiveness and linkage to business goals. Metrics like selection costs, retention rates, and training budgets will be evaluated.
JIT was developed by Toyota to reduce inventory costs. It involves receiving goods and producing units only as needed to meet actual customer demand. The goal is to have the right materials, in the right amount, at the right place and time. It is a pull manufacturing process where customer demand determines production. Key principles include total quality management, production management, inventory management, and human resource management. The benefits are minimizing waste, greater potential output, customer satisfaction, and avoiding overproduction.
This document discusses various aspects of production planning and control, including demand forecasting, aggregate production planning, scheduling, workforce planning, materials requirement planning, capacity planning, production control using just-in-time, and shop-floor control. It addresses decisions around acquiring, utilizing, and allocating limited production resources to meet objectives while considering constraints. The main goal is to make appropriate production decisions around workforce levels, lot sizes, overtime, and sequencing.
Controlling involves checking current performance against predetermined standards to ensure adequate progress and satisfactory performance. It is a continuous process that involves establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing to standards, and taking corrective action if needed. Various techniques are used for budgetary control, non-budgetary control, productivity management, cost control, purchase control, maintenance control, and quality control. Information technology also aids the controlling process through management information systems.
This document provides an overview of various techniques for controlling organizational activities and performance. It discusses personal observation, budgeting including types of budgets, zero-base budgeting, break-even analysis, financial statements, statistical data and reports, management information systems, management audit, PERT/CPM techniques, economic value added, and market value added. The techniques help managers monitor and correct deviations from plans to achieve organizational goals efficiently.
- The document provides information about an individual with a Ph.D. in Management Science and experience in supply chain and manufacturing roles.
- They have founded an organization called kreativekrowd and blog about supply chain topics on their website muddassirism.com.
- The document includes an example of a supply chain SWOT analysis and discusses various aspects of developing a supply chain strategy including people, systems, core processes, and execution.
Introduction to production and operations managementTAYYABA MAHR
This document provides an overview of production and operations management. It defines key terms like management, operations, and value-added. It describes the inputs, transformation processes, and outputs involved in operations. It also lists some examples of goods-oriented and service-oriented operations. Additionally, it discusses why organizations need operations managers and the responsibilities of operations management like planning, organizing, staffing, controlling, and directing activities. Finally, it covers some of the critical decisions operations managers must make regarding design, quality, processes, capacity, location, and other strategic issues.
Man power management or labour management.Sumpi Tana
This document discusses managing labor/manpower in construction projects. It discusses the importance of effective manpower management for achieving project goals on time and under budget. Labor productivity, which is output per labor hour, is a key factor. The document outlines several labor characteristics that can impact productivity, such as skills, initiative, dependability, and ability to work under pressure. It also discusses how project work conditions like job site accessibility, equipment usage, and climate can affect productivity. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of organizing work through prioritizing tasks, planning, delegating responsibilities, and making timely decisions.
Introduction to Production Planning by Jasmin Dalaljasmindalal
This document defines and discusses production management, planning, controlling, and scheduling. It outlines the objectives of production management as producing quality products at minimum cost while maintaining schedules. Production planning involves designing production processes and implementing plans to produce quality output efficiently. Production controlling involves monitoring and reporting on production activities. Scheduling determines the timing of operations to meet delivery dates with optimal resource utilization. Quality control assesses quality at different stages to ensure products meet standards and specifications.
Work study involves systematically examining work methods to improve efficiency. It has several components, including motion and time study. Motion study analyzes body movements during tasks. Time study determines the time taken by qualified workers to perform tasks. The objectives of motion and time study are to reduce costs while maintaining quality. Work simplification redesigns work practices, equipment, and layouts to reduce physical stress. It uses various charts and diagrams. Principles of motion economy provide guidelines to maximize efficiency and minimize fatigue. Time study is used to determine staffing needs, costs, and more. Stopwatch time study times short jobs, while long-cycle study times long jobs. Performance rating and allowances adjust observed times.
Ch8 controlling class 12 business studiesPriyanka Rao
Controlling ensures that organizational activities are performed according to plans and resources are used efficiently to achieve goals. The controlling process involves setting standards, measuring actual performance, comparing to standards, analyzing deviations, and taking corrective actions. Traditional controlling techniques include personal observation, statistical reports, break-even analysis, and budget control. Modern techniques include return on investment, ratio analysis, responsibility accounting, management information systems, PERT/CPM, and management audits. Controlling is an essential function for accomplishing organizational goals, evaluating standards, and motivating employees.
Operations management concerns the conversion of inputs into outputs through physical or non-physical processes. It applies to both manufacturing and service organizations. Some key functions of an operations manager include facility location planning, plant layout, material handling, product and process design, production planning and control, scheduling, and dispatching. There are different types of operations systems such as mass production, lean production, and craft production. Studying operations management is important because it is a major function of any organization and allows understanding of how goods and services are produced in an efficient manner.
Work study involves systematically analyzing work methods to improve efficiency and productivity. Key aspects include setting performance standards, reducing unnecessary work, improving quality, and evaluating human performance. The main resources needed are manpower, materials, machines, money, and methods. Conducting time and motion studies allows establishing standard times for tasks. This helps determine targets, costs, staffing needs, and more. Common challenges include worker resistance and production issues.
This document provides an overview of human resource planning (HRP). It defines HRP as forecasting future demand and supply of employees. The objectives of HRP include forecasting requirements, anticipating changes, and identifying imbalances. The HRP process involves environmental scanning, setting objectives and policies, forecasting personnel needs and supplies, programming resources, implementation, and control/evaluation. Limitations include uncertainties and resistance from employers and employees.
This document provides an overview of production planning and control (PPC). It discusses the meaning and need for PPC, its objectives and phases. PPC helps achieve production goals through efficient resource utilization and coordinated activities. It has three phases - planning, action, and control. The planning phase involves prior and active planning to determine processes, materials, tools, loading, and scheduling. The action phase focuses on dispatching work as planned. Control ensures planned and actual production are matched through corrective actions based on feedback. Overall, PPC directs and coordinates firm resources to meet predefined production targets.
Production involves transforming inputs like materials, money, machines, and labor into outputs like goods and services. It is defined as the ratio of output to input. Productivity can be measured in different ways, such as labor productivity which is output divided by number of laborers. Factors that affect productivity include human resources, technology, capital investment, government regulation, product design, equipment, worker skills, and production volume. Productivity can be increased through better use of materials, labor, equipment, and facilities. Common production methods are continuous mass production, large one-time projects, and intermittent batch or job production.
Objectives and function of Production Planning and Controlmadhannaveen
This document provides an overview of production planning and control for the subject IE6605 at VIRUDHUNAGAR DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. It discusses key concepts like production system, production planning items, controlling items, nature of MRP, production planning, routing, scheduling, loading, dispatching, inspection, evaluating, objectives of production planning and control, time dimensions, planning phase, production control, material requirement planning, and key factors of MRP. The document is intended to educate students on the core concepts and functions of production planning and control.
Operations management aims to produce the right quality of goods and services as quickly as possible and as cheaply as possible. However, achieving all three goals simultaneously can be difficult. Operations managers must decide on production location, scale, methods, and material supplies to balance quality, speed, and cost in an efficient manner. Changing production methods can lower costs per unit but may also reduce flexibility and customization.
This document outlines the proposed structure and functions of the SABPP Audit Unit. Key points:
- The Audit Unit will have a CEO, Head of Audit, auditors and administrators to conduct HR audits against the 13 elements of the SABPP HR Management Standards System.
- Auditors will go through a rigorous selection process including experience requirements, training, and competency assessments.
- A three lines of defense risk model is adopted to structure internal controls, management oversight, and independent auditing.
- The audit process involves pre-audit preparation, an on-site audit, issuing an audit report, and potential certification if standards are met. Continuous improvement is encouraged.
Introduction to Industrial Engineering.pptxvirshit
This document provides an overview of an introduction to industrial engineering course taught by Prof. Shital Patel. It includes the course content, outcomes, and an introduction to key concepts. The content covers the history and contributions of important thinkers like Adam Smith, James Watt, Frederick Taylor, and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. It also describes the industrial engineering approach of collecting data, analyzing it, identifying productive and non-productive activities, and selecting optimal solutions. The goal is to optimize resource use, reduce waste, and improve productivity to increase output and lower costs.
1. The document discusses auditing manpower planning strategies and processes using an outcome-based assessment approach. It aims to move auditing from an input-output observational process to an analytical outcome-based assessment.
2. The purpose is to establish a mechanism for quantitatively measuring the actual position of manpower practices, frameworks, and efficiency through gap analysis and scorecards. This will help identify areas for improvement in existing manpower planning frameworks.
3. The scope covers auditing key areas of manpower planning like HR systems, staffing practices, training and development, and succession planning to assess effectiveness and linkage to business goals. Metrics like selection costs, retention rates, and training budgets will be evaluated.
JIT was developed by Toyota to reduce inventory costs. It involves receiving goods and producing units only as needed to meet actual customer demand. The goal is to have the right materials, in the right amount, at the right place and time. It is a pull manufacturing process where customer demand determines production. Key principles include total quality management, production management, inventory management, and human resource management. The benefits are minimizing waste, greater potential output, customer satisfaction, and avoiding overproduction.
This document discusses various aspects of production planning and control, including demand forecasting, aggregate production planning, scheduling, workforce planning, materials requirement planning, capacity planning, production control using just-in-time, and shop-floor control. It addresses decisions around acquiring, utilizing, and allocating limited production resources to meet objectives while considering constraints. The main goal is to make appropriate production decisions around workforce levels, lot sizes, overtime, and sequencing.
Controlling involves checking current performance against predetermined standards to ensure adequate progress and satisfactory performance. It is a continuous process that involves establishing standards, measuring performance, comparing to standards, and taking corrective action if needed. Various techniques are used for budgetary control, non-budgetary control, productivity management, cost control, purchase control, maintenance control, and quality control. Information technology also aids the controlling process through management information systems.
This document provides an overview of various techniques for controlling organizational activities and performance. It discusses personal observation, budgeting including types of budgets, zero-base budgeting, break-even analysis, financial statements, statistical data and reports, management information systems, management audit, PERT/CPM techniques, economic value added, and market value added. The techniques help managers monitor and correct deviations from plans to achieve organizational goals efficiently.
- The document provides information about an individual with a Ph.D. in Management Science and experience in supply chain and manufacturing roles.
- They have founded an organization called kreativekrowd and blog about supply chain topics on their website muddassirism.com.
- The document includes an example of a supply chain SWOT analysis and discusses various aspects of developing a supply chain strategy including people, systems, core processes, and execution.
This document is a semester project on a material management system for organizations. It was prepared by a student for their Managerial Accounting course. The project defines material management and explains its objectives and scope, which includes activities related to planning, purchasing, storing, and controlling materials. It also outlines the key sub-functions of material management like materials planning and control, purchasing, inventory control, and stores management. Finally, it discusses why effective material management is important for organizations.
This document provides information about a semester project on a material management system for organizations. It was written by Muhammad Asif Khan for his Managerial Accounting course, taught by Shaham Ahmed. The project defines material management, outlines its objectives and scope, and describes key functions like planning, purchasing, inventory control, and stores management. It explains why effective material management is important for customer service, production efficiency, and inventory level stability.
This document provides an overview of conducting an HR audit. It begins with an introduction on the importance of measuring HR practices and programs. It then outlines the typical agenda covered in an HR audit, including challenges for the HR department, purposes and objectives of an audit, benefits, frequency, principles, types of audits, scope, measures, standards, and the tasks of auditors.
The document delves into the various phases of an HR audit process - the foundational/initiation phase which involves planning and set up, the assessment phase which involves analyzing policies and practices against criteria, and the concluding/reporting phase which involves preparing and presenting an audit report with findings and recommendations. Key aspects like developing checklists, formulating
Controlling involves measuring performance, comparing results to plans, and taking corrective actions. It is an essential and ongoing process that aims to guide actual performance towards expected performance. An ideal control system is suitable, flexible, economical, simple, objective, prompt, forward-looking, suggestive, and motivational. It provides real-time information and preventive control. Traditional control techniques include budgetary control, non-budgetary controls, management by objectives, and productivity management. Control is important for cost control, process control, purchase control, quality control, maintenance control, and planning operations.
The document outlines a 2-day training program on HRM auditing principles, practices, and processes. It discusses defining HRM audits and their benefits. The training will cover the fundamentals of HRM auditing, the audit process, and a case study. The process involves designing HR policies, assessing current practices against criteria, analyzing results, and taking action to address gaps.
This document provides an overview of talent planning and deployment. It discusses strategic talent planning and identifies workforce planning as a systematic process for identifying gaps between today's workforce and tomorrow's workforce. The document outlines the key steps in workforce planning, including defining the future needs of the organization, analyzing the current workforce, identifying gaps, and monitoring and revising the plan. It also discusses using tools like SWOT analysis, opportunity matrices, and threat matrices to aid in talent planning.
The document discusses business process management (BPM) and business process reengineering (BPR). It defines BPM as combining quality tools and lean management principles to quickly analyze and improve business process effectiveness and efficiency. BPR is defined as fundamentally rethinking and radically redesigning processes to achieve dramatic improvements in areas like cost, quality and speed. The document also lists the core phases of BPR as beginning organizational change, building a reengineering organization, identifying opportunities, understanding the current process, reengineering the process, blueprinting the new system, and performing the transformation. It notes potential benefits of BPR include increased productivity, reduced costs, improved quality and reduced risks, while potential challenges include major layoffs and lack of management support
The document discusses production planning and control (PPC) and material management. It outlines the objectives of PPC as optimizing capacity utilization, inventory control, production time efficiency, and quality. The key steps of the PPC process are planning, routing, scheduling, loading, production control, dispatching, follow up, inspection, and corrective measures. Material management aims to coordinate material planning, purchasing, storage, and inventory control. Its objectives are to maximize resource use and provide good customer service at low cost.
Cost management involves planning, accounting, analysis, and controlling of costs to efficiently and effectively manage business operations. It provides financial and operational managers visibility into the full costs of processes, products, and services to make informed decisions and provide best value to customers. Developing a cost management culture is important to realizing these benefits, shifting the organization from a focus on spending to optimizing resource usage and considering cost impacts in all decisions.
Unit 2 :
Work Study: Definition, objective and scope of work study. Human factors in work study. Work study and management.
Method Study: Definition, objective and scope of method study, activity recording and exam aids. Charts to record moments in shop operation – process charts, flow process charts, travel charts and multiple activity charts.
Kingsleys Power Point Presentation on Operations Management.pptxKingsley Aduma
The document discusses key concepts in operations management. It defines operations management as the business function responsible for planning, coordinating, and controlling resources needed to produce products and services. An operations manager is responsible for transforming inputs like materials, labor, and capital into outputs like goods and services. The document outlines various operations management strategies, process types, facility layouts, and techniques for scheduling production, monitoring performance, and controlling processes. It also discusses ways to identify and eliminate waste, manage inventory, and increase productivity in operations.
The document discusses key concepts related to production management including:
- Production is defined as the conversion of materials into finished goods or services.
- Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling production activities.
- Operations management is concerned with the efficient and effective production of goods and services.
It covers topics such as facility layout, quality control, production planning, and inventory management.
Companies that optimize their inventory reduce inventory items and stock levels, avoid associated carrying costs and obsolescence write-downs. Want to know the best practices to optimize your inventory, check the presentation-
1. INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT.pptxIvanIISeballos
The document provides an overview of operations management. It discusses the three major business functions of marketing, operations, and finance. It defines operations management as the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services. Key aspects of operations management discussed include value-added, process management, supply chain management, variations in processes, and quantitative and qualitative decision-making approaches. The document also outlines how operations management has evolved with developments like e-commerce, Six Sigma, agility, and lean systems.
Skills audits and staff development conference 22 february 2016Charles Cotter, PhD
The document outlines a presentation on skills audits and staff development. It defines skills audits as assessing an organization's workforce competencies against requirements to identify gaps. The purpose is to focus training to improve skills. It discusses best practices for skills auditing including using job analyses and measuring multiple competency types. It argues skills audits provide strategic benefits like compliance, increased productivity and lower training costs. While skills audits require costs for implementation, the benefits of improved workforce skills and informed development plans outweigh expenses when done properly.
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05 Project Monitoring & Cost Controlakashpadole
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03 Construction Project Planning and Schedulingakashpadole
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01 Introduction to Construction Managementakashpadole
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The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University.
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The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University.
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08 Building Water Supply and Sanitary Fixturesakashpadole
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07 Treatment of water- Disinfection and Advanced and Miscellaneous treatmentsakashpadole
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06 Treatment of water -Filtration and Water Softeningakashpadole
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05 Treatment of water - Aeration and Sedimentation (C+F)akashpadole
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
2. Contains
4.1 Material Management- Importance, objectives,
functions of material management, Inventory
control, A-B-C analysis, E.O.Q etc.
4.2 Human Resource Management- Manpower
planning, recruitment, Selection training,
performance evaluation of worker etc.
4.3 Resources Allocation Methods- Resource
levelling and Resource smoothening.
Akash Padole 2
3. Material Management
• Materiel management is defined as an approach for
planning, organizing and controlling all those
activities principally concerned with the flow of
material into an organization.
Akash Padole 3
4. Objectives of material management
• Minimizing the use capital in an efficient and
scientific manner.
• Lowering inventory investment and increasing the
inventory turnover by cutting the costs related to
purchases.
• Responding to the market changes with respect to
new products.
• Ensuring cooperation of all departments for
achieving the objectives of all material management.
• Providing best services to the level of customer of
working ’s delight.
Akash Padole 4
5. Functions of Material Management
• Materials planning
• Purchasing
• Inventory control
• Store-keeping
• Stores accounting
• Transportation – internal and external
• Disposal of scrap, surplus and obsolete materials
• Materials economics
• Waste management
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6. Inventory Control
• The term “inventory” means the value or amount of
materials or resource on hand. It includes raw
material, work-in-process, finished goods & stores &
spares.
Akash Padole 6
7. • Inventory Control is the process by which inventory is
measured and regulated according to predetermined
norms such as economic lot size for order or
production, safety stock, minimum level, maximum
level, order level etc.
Akash Padole 7
8. Objectives of inventory control
• To meet unforeseen future demand due to variation
in forecast figures and actual figures.
• To average out demand fluctuations due to seasonal
or cyclic variations.
• To meet the customer requirement timely, effectively,
efficiently, smoothly and satisfactorily.
• To smoothen the production process.
• To gain economy of production or purchase in lots.
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9. Benefits of Inventory Control
• Ensures an adequate supply of materials
• Minimizes inventory costs
• Facilitates purchasing economies
• Eliminates duplication in ordering
• Better utilization of available stocks
• Provides a check against the loss of materials
• Facilitates cost accounting activities
• Enables management in cost comparison
• Locates & disposes inactive & obsolete store items
• Consistent & reliable basis for financial statements
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10. Types of inventory costs
✓ Ordering (purchasing) costs
✓ Inventory carrying (holding) costs
✓ Out of stock/shortage costs
✓ Other costs
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11. A-B-C Analysis
• This technique divides inventory into three
categories A, B & C based on their Annual
Consumption Value.
• It is also known as Selective Inventory Control
Method (SIM)
• This method is a means of categorizing inventory
items according to the potential amount to be
controlled.
• A-B-C analysis has universal application for fields
requiring selective control.
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12. Procedure for A-B-C Analysis
• Make the list of all items of inventory.
• Determine the annual volume of usage & money
value of each item.
• Multiply each item’s annual volume by its rupee
value.
• Compute each item’s percentage of the total
inventory in terms of annual usage in rupees.
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13. • Select the top 10% of all items which have the
highest rupee percentages & classify them as “A”
items.
• Select the next 20% of all items with the next highest
rupee percentages & designate them “B” items.
• The next 70% of all items with the lowest rupee
percentages are “C” items.
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14. ❖Advantages of ABC analysis:
• Helps to point out obsolete stocks easily.
• In case of “A” items careful attention can be paid at
every step such as estimate of requirements,
purchase, safety stock, receipts, inspections, issues,
etc. & close control is maintained.
• Helps better planning of inventory control
• Provides sound basis for allocation of funds & human
resources.
Akash Padole 14
15. ❖Disadvantages of ABC analysis:
• Considers only money value of items & neglects the
importance of items for the production process or
assembly or functioning.
• Periodic review becomes difficult if only ABC analysis
is recalled.
• When other important factors make it obligatory to
concentrate on “C” items more, the purpose of ABC
analysis is defeated.
Akash Padole 15
16. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
• EOQ is the technique of ordering materials whenever
stock reaches the reorder point.
• Economic order quality deals when the cost of
procurement and handling of inventory are at
optimum level and total cost is minimum.
• In this technique, the order quantity is larger than a
single period’s requirement, so that ordering costs &
holding costs balance out.
Akash Padole 16
19. • The goal of the EOQ formula is to identify the optimal
number of product units to order.
• If achieved, a company can minimize its costs for
buying, delivery, and storing units
Akash Padole 19
23. Human Resource Management
• Human resource management can be defined as
“employing people, developing their resource,
utilizing maintaining and compensating their services
in tune with the job and organizational
requirements”.
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24. Objectives of Human Resource Management
• To help the organization reach its goal
• To employ the skills and abilities of the workforce
efficiently
• To provide the organization with well trained & well
motivated employees
• To increase employees job satisfaction and self
actualization (stimulate employees to realize their
potential)
• To develop & maintain a quality of work life.
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25. • To communicate HR policies to all employees.
• To provide an opportunity for expression in
management
• To provide fair, acceptable & efficient leadership
• To establish sound organizational structure &
desirable working relationships.
Akash Padole 25
26. Manpower Planning
• Manpower planning is the process of estimating the
optimum number of people required for completing a
project, task or a goal within time.
• Manpower planning includes parameters like number
of personnel, different types of skills, time period etc.
Akash Padole 26
27. • It is a never ending continuous process to make sure
that the business has the optimized resources
available when required taking into consideration
the upcoming future projects and also the
replacement of the outgoing employees.
• It is also called as Human Resource Planning.
• Manpower planning is also known as Personnel
Planning or Human Resource Planning.
Akash Padole 27
28. Importance of Manpower Planning
• It is the first step towards Manpower Management.
• It refers to the process of using available assets for
the implementation of the business plans.
• It also involves the process of coordinating and
controlling various activities in the organization.
• Efficient utilization & skilled labour.
• Higher productivity.
Akash Padole 28
29. Objectives of Manpower Planning
• To utilize the present employees fully.
• To fill up future manpower requirements.
• To check the development of the employees for
organizational growth.
• To achieve organizational goals in an efficient way.
• To manage and utilize resources properly and
effectively.
Akash Padole 29
30. Need of Manpower Planning
• Shortages and surpluses can be identified.
• All the recruitment and selection programs are based
on manpower planning.
• Reduce labour cost & over staffing can be avoided.
• Manpower can be utilized properly.
Akash Padole 30
31. Recruitment
• Recruitment is a key responsibility of the HR
department.
• While HR works in many areas including employee
engagement, employee development, statutory
compliance, data management and many others, one
of the key areas of focus for HR is to attract, select
and onboard suitable candidates for the
organization.
Akash Padole 31
32. • According to Edwin B. Flippo defined recruitment as
“the process of searching for prospective employees
and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the
organization”
Akash Padole 32
33. Why do we need an appropriate Recruitment
and Selection process?
• ‘Recruitment’ is the process of attracting qualified
candidates for a job role and ‘Selection’ is the
process of identifying and selecting the right
candidate for that job.
• The contributions of each employee play a pivotal
role in the growth of a business. Hence it is
extremely important to select the right person for
the job.
• The same way as a square peg does not fit in a round
hole, a bad hire can affect the overall business
outcomes. Akash Padole 33
34. • The impact to your business when you hire the
wrong candidate is often much more than not hiring
a person at all.
• Recruitment is not only an operational activity but a
key strategic activity for the business.
• Hence there is a need for developing a strong
recruitment and selection process.
Akash Padole 34
35. Training
• Training is the process for providing required skills to
the employee for doing the job effectively, skillfully
and qualitatively.
• Training of employees is not continuous, but it is
periodical and given in specified time.
• Generally training will be given by an expert or
professional in related field or job.
• Training is required at every stage of work and for
every person at work. To keep oneself updated with
the fast changing technologies, concepts, values and
environment, training plays a vital role.
Akash Padole 35
36. • Training programmes are also necessary in any
organization for improving the quality of work of the
employees at all levels.
• Training is a process of learning a sequence of
programmed behavior. It is the application of
knowledge & gives people an awareness of rules &
procedures to guide their behavior.
• It helps in bringing about positive change in the
knowledge, skills & attitudes of employees. Training
is investment in getting more and better quality work
from your talent.
Akash Padole 36
37. Performance Evaluation
• Evaluations are a mechanism to provide feedback
and documentation about an employee's
performance through a defined time period, and can
provide clear communication of job expectations and
goals.
• A performance evaluation system is a systematic way
to examine how well an employee is performing in
his or her job.
• Performance evaluations can also be called
Performance Appraisals, Performance Assessments,
or Employee Appraisals.
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38. • There are four reasons why a systematic performance
evaluation system should be implemented.
1. First, the evaluation process should encourage
positive performance and behavior.
2. Second, it is a way to satisfy employee curiosity as to
how well they are performing in their job.
3. Third, it can also be used as a tool to develop
employees.
4. Lastly, it can provide a basis for pay raises,
promotions, and legal disciplinary actions.
Akash Padole 38
39. Resources Allocation Methods
❖RESOURCES:
• Any means to complete an activity e.g., capital,
people, machinery, plant or materials are called
Resources.
• Time is also a valuable resource.
• Plot of Resource requirements versus time is called
Resource profile or Resource Use Graph or Histogram
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40. • The job of the project manager is to plan and
allocate the resources for the different activities such
that the resource utilization is optimized.
• The resource is a physical variable which is required
for completion of an activity.
• It can be Material, Man Power, Machinery, Space,
Money or Time Resource.
• Resource allocation means the decision to allocate
the resources for each activity.
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41. • Due to limited resources or limited project duration,
it is required to allocate the resources such that more
or less uniform demand is generated throughout the
project duration.
• The diagram which shows the variation of the
requirements with the time is called 'Resource Usage
Profile’ or 'Resource Histogram’.
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42. • Resource allocation may be achieved by the following
two processes:
– A. Resource leveling
– B. Resource Smoothening
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43. • Resource Leveling: A technique in which start and
finish dates are adjusted based on resource
constraints with the goal of balancing demand for
resources with the available supply.
• Resource Smoothing: A technique that adjusts the
activities of a schedule model such that the
requirements for resources on the project do not
exceed certain predefined resource limits.
Akash Padole 43
46. Example:
• Consider a project with 7 activities as shown in the
table below. The predecessors of each activity and
the duration of the activities are given. The number
of compressors (consider it as a resource) required
by each activity is also listed.
• The organization has only 6 compressors available
with them.
Akash Padole 46
48. • From the schedule network diagram, you can understand
the critical path is A-B-C-E-G and the total duration of the
project is 20 days.
• The problem with the critical path method is it does not
consider the availability of resources. So, now we need to
check whether there are any resource conflicts in the
schedule created by the critical path method.
• It will be easier if we present the schedule in the Gantt
chart/ bar chart format to understand the resource usage
over time periods
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49. • With the bar chart representation, it is easier for us
to calculate the compressors needed on each day.
• For example, we know that from day 1 to 3, only
activity A is in progress; so, we need 6 compressors
on each of these days.
• However, from day 6 to 9, activity C and activity D are
running in parallel.
• So, you need 7 compressors (5 for activity C and 2 for
activity D) on each of these days.
Akash Padole 49
51. Application of Resource Leveling
• As we have seen earlier, resource leveling looks at
removing all resource conflicts without worrying too
much about extending the project duration.
• Let us look at the first conflict, which happens
between activities C and D. To avoid the conflict, we
need to delay either activity C or activity D. Since
activity C is on the critical path, it is prudent to delay
activity D.
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52. • We have to delay the activity D until activity C
completes. This means, activity D has to be shifted to
start on Day 11. By doing this, the resources required
on days 6 to 9 comes down to only 5 compressors.
Since there is a float in activity D, everything looks
fine.
• But, when we move an activity, we have to see how
it affects the other successor activities. In this case,
since F depends on the completion of activity D, it
also has to be shifted.
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53. (the light blue color bars show the original schedule based on CPM)
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54. • Now, you can see that there is no resource conflict
from day 1 to day 14. But, there is a conflict on days
15 and 16; activity E needs 4 compressors and
activity F also needs 4 compressors.
• So, we have to delay either activity E or activity F to
avoid this conflict. Since activity F is not on the
critical path, let us delay this activity.
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55. • We have to delay it until the completion of activity E.
It means activity F can start only on day 20. However,
it also leads to the shifting of activity G since activity
F is its predecessor.
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57. • It’s good. All resource conflicts are removed. Now,
the maximum compressors required is only six
numbers on any day.
• However, in the process, the project gets delayed by
two days. The total duration of the project is 22 days
now.
• The critical path also has changed. Activity F is part of
the critical path now.
• So, the new critical path is A-B-C-E-F-G.
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58. Application of Resource Smoothing
• Resource smoothing looks at removing as much
resource conflicts as possible without delaying the
total project duration.
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59. • Activity D is shifted from day 6 to day 11. This
removes the resource peaks from day 6 to 9.
• However, there is still resource conflicts on day 15
and day 16.
• This conflict cannot be removed without delaying the
total project duration. So, resource smoothing will
stop here.
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60. • Out of the six days of conflict, resource smoothing
managed to remove 4 days of conflict.
• However, if the organization wants to stick to the
original schedule, they should bring additional
resources on day 15 & day 16.
Akash Padole 60